Similar Hepatitis B virus reactivation risk for patients with inflammatory arthritis or connective tissue diseases: a multicenter retrospective study.

Introduction: Hepatitis B reactivation and administration of prophylactic antiviral treatment are considered in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) undergoing immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory treatment. Data are more robust for rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving bDMARDs but are limited for other AIIRD and drug categories.

Methods: Adult patients with AIIRD (inflammatory arthritis [IA] or connective tissue diseases [CTD]) and documented chronic or resolved HBV infection (defined as serum HBsAg positivity or anti-HBcAb positivity in the case of HBsAg non-detection respectively), followed-up in six rheumatology centers in Greece and Italy, were included.

Where Are All the Clinical Trials for Chronic Rejection?

Chronic rejection is arguably the main obstacle to long-term graft survival. Yet, clinical trials focusing on this condition are disappointingly scarce. Significant advances in treating chronic rejection cannot happen if there is no conduit for testing novel therapies.

Can brain network connectivity facilitate the clinical development of disease-modifying anti-Alzheimer drugs?

The preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease represents a crucial time window for therapeutic intervention but requires the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers that are sensitive to the effects of disease-modifying drugs. Amyloid peptide and tau proteins, the main histological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, have been widely used as biomarkers of anti-amyloid and anti-tau drugs. However, these biomarkers do not fully capture the multiple biological pathways of the brain.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children: Delphi study and consensus document about definition and epidemiology, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and follow-up.

Background: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is common in children with asthma but can be present also in children without asthma, especially athletes. Differential diagnosis includes several conditions such as exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO), cardiac disease, or physical deconditioning. Detailed medical history, clinical examination and specific tests are mandatory to exclude alternative diagnoses.

Impact of dementia and mild cognitive impairment on bone health in older people.

Mild cognitive impairment, dementia and osteoporosis are common diseases of ageing and, with the increasingly ageing global population, are increasing in prevalence. These conditions are closely associated, with shared risk factors, common underlying biological mechanisms and potential direct causal pathways. In this review, the epidemiological and mechanistic links between mild cognitive impairment, dementia and skeletal health are explored.

Psychometric properties of the revised quality of nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes instrument: A validation study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the revised quality of nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes (Q-DIO R) instrument, designed to measure the quality of nursing documentation, in an Italian healthcare setting.

Methods: The study followed a multi-phase validation process that included translation and cultural adaptation of the tool, expert evaluations to assess content and face validity, and a cross-sectional study to test reliability. Data were collected from nursing documentation in two hospitals in northern Italy, with 389 patient plans analyzed.

NGF-mediated crosstalk: unraveling the influence of metabolic deregulation on the interplay between neural and pancreatic cancer cells and its impact on patient outcomes.

Neural invasion is one of the most common routes of invasion in pancreatic cancer and it is responsible for the high rate of tumor recurrence after surgery and the pain generation associated with pancreatic cancer. Several molecules implicated in neural invasion are also responsible for pain onset including NGF belonging to the family of neutrophins. NGF released by cancer cells can sensitize sensory nerves which in turn results in severe pain.

Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Low Back Pain Using Gene Signature-Based Machine Learning Models.

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a significant global health burden, with variable treatment outcomes and an unclear underlying molecular mechanism. Effective prediction of treatment responses remains a challenge. In this study, we aimed to develop gene signature-based machine learning models using transcriptomic data from peripheral immune cells to predict treatment outcomes in patients with LBP.

Respiratory Viruses in Patients With Hematological Malignancy in Boreal Autumn/Winter 2023-2024: EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA Report.

Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARV) significantly impact patients with hematological malignancies (HM), leading to high morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale, real-world data on CARV in these patients is limited. This study analyzed data from the EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA registry, focusing on patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season.

Corrigendum: CDK4/6 inhibitors improve the anti-tumor efficacy of lenvatinib in hepatocarcinoma cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.

Hypoalbuminemia in status epilepticus is a biomarker of short- and long-term mortality: A 9-year cohort study.

Background: Outcome prediction in Status epilepticus (SE) aids in clinical decision-making, yet existing scores have limitations due to SE heterogeneity. Serum albumin is emerging as a readily available prognostic biomarker in various clinical conditions. This study evaluates hypoalbuminemia in predicting short- and long-term mortality.

Vacuum extraction is successful in 95% of cases with an occiput posterior position: the results of a prospective, multicenter study.

Background: Occiput posterior position is associated with labor arrest, need for operative delivery, and failed instrumental vaginal delivery, with resulting adverse peripartum outcomes. Vacuum extraction is the most commonly performed type of instrumental delivery worldwide.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the outcome of vacuum extraction in fetuses with sonographically confirmed occiput posterior position before the procedure.

Brain MRI volumetry and atrophy rating scales as predictors of amyloid status and eligibility for anti-amyloid treatment in a real-world memory clinic setting.

Predicting amyloid status is crucial in light of upcoming disease-modifying therapies and the need to identify treatment-eligible patients with Alzheimer's disease. In our study, we aimed to predict CSF-amyloid status and eligibility for anti-amyloid treatment in a memory clinic by (I) comparing the performance of visual/automated rating scales and MRI volumetric analysis and (II) combining MRI volumetric data with neuropsychological tests and APOE4 status. Two hundred ninety patients underwent a comprehensive assessment.

Prognostic factors and impact of management strategies for status epilepticus: The STEPPER study in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.

Objective: The STEPPER (Status Epilepticus in Emilia-Romagna) study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment approaches of status epilepticus (SE) in adults of the Emilia-Romagna region (ERR), Northern Italy.

Methods: STEPPER, an observational, prospective, multicentric cohort study, was conducted across neurology units, emergency departments, and intensive care units of the ERR over 24 months (October 2019-October 2021), encompassing incident cases of SE. Patients were followed up for 30 days.

Associations of intraoperative end-tidal CO levels with postoperative outcome-secondary analysis of a worldwide observational study.

Background: Patients receiving intraoperative ventilation during general anesthesia often have low end-tidal CO (etCO). We examined the association of intraoperative etCO levels with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in a conveniently-sized international, prospective study named 'Local ASsessment of Ventilatory management during General Anesthesia for Surgery' (LAS VEGAS).

Methods: Patients at high risk of PPCs were categorized as 'low etCO' or 'normal to high etCO' patients, using a cut-off of 35 mmHg.

Insights into pubertal development: a narrative review on the role of epigenetics.

Purpose: Puberty is a key phase of growth and development, characterized by psychophysical transformations. It is driven by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental variables. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone post-translational modifications and chromatin remodeling, microRNAs, and DNA methylation, play important roles in orchestrating the developmental processes.

Coronary calcium score and emphysema extent on different CT radiation dose protocols in lung cancer screening.

Objectives: To assess the consistency of automated measurements of coronary artery calcification (CAC) burden and emphysema extent on computed tomography (CT) images acquired with different radiation dose protocols in a lung cancer screening (LCS) population.

Materials And Methods: The patient cohort comprised 361 consecutive screenees who underwent a low-dose CT (LDCT) scan and an ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) scan at an incident screening round. Exclusion criteria for CAC measurements were software failure and previous history of CVD, including coronary stenting, whereas for emphysema assessment, software failure only.

Optimal Representative Strain selector-a comprehensive pipeline for selecting next-generation reference strains of bacterial species.

Although it is common practice to use historically established 'reference strains' or 'type strains' for laboratory experiments, this approach often overlooks how effectively these strains represent the full ecological, genetic and functional diversity of the species within a specific ecological niche. In this context, this study proposes the Optimal Representative Strain (ORS) selector tool (https://zenodo.org/doi/10.

The acute phase management of traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) with polytrauma: A narrative review.

Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is frequently observed in polytrauma patients.

Research Question: What is the optimal strategy to manage tSCI in the setting of polytrauma?

Material And Methods: This narrative review focuses on: 1) extraspinal damage control surgery and resuscitation, 2) the perioperative protection of the injured spine during emergency surgery, 3) imaging and timing of spinal surgery in polytrauma, 4) early interventions for skin, bowel and bladder, and 5) the multidisciplinary approach to tSCI polytrauma patients.

Results: Damage control resuscitation (DCR) and damage control surgery (DCS), aim to prevent/correct post-traumatic physiological derangements to minimize bleeding until definitive hemostasis is achieved.

Rational approach to fetal heart rate monitoring and management during the second stage of labor.

Second stage of labor is considered to be associated with an increased risk of intrapartum fetal hypoxic injury. This is due to a combination of several risk factors such as -the increased frequency, strength and duration of uterine contractions due to higher number and affinity of myometrial oxytocin receptors; -the Ferguson's reflex which leads to a reflex release of endogenous oxytocin in response of the distension of the cervix by descending fetal head in late stages of labor; maternal expulsive efforts with the Valsalva manoeuvre that may reduce maternal oxygenation, as well as reduce the venous return and maternal cardiac output due to increased intrathoracic pressure, winch may lead to reduced placental oxygenation; - and increased fetal intracranial pressure due to head compression leading to a potential decrease in fetal cerebral oxygenation. In addition, the umbilical cord often forms one or more loops around the fetal neck, which may get tightened as the head descends leading to an acute and intermittent cessation of fetal oxygenation.

An open-label, randomized phase III study of early switch maintenance vs delayed second-line nivolumab in advanced stage squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after standard first-line platinum-based chemotherapy-EDEN trial GOIRC 04-2016.

Background: As for squamous (Sq)-NSCLC, Checkmate-017 trial showed a significant overall survival (OS) improvement in favor of Nivolumab (Nivo) over Docetaxel in 2nd-line. We hypothesized that anticipating Nivo use, as early switch maintenance after 1st-line chemotherapy (CHT), might have improved survival as compared to delayed 2nd-line treatment.

Methods: EDEN was an open-label, 2-arm, phase III study which randomized (1:1) stage IIIB/IV Sq-NSCLC pts non-progressive after 1st-line platinum-based CHT, to receive early Nivo as switch maintenance (Arm A) or standard best supportive care followed by 2nd-line Nivo at disease progression (Arm B).

Predictors and Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Bailout Stenting During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions With Sirolimus-Coated Balloon: A Subanalysis of the Eastbourne Study.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-coated balloon (DCB) has been expanding progressively in recent years. Convincing evidence demonstrated the ability of some DCB to promote positive vessel remodeling, with potential clinical benefits at follow-up. When PCI with DCB results in suboptimal angiographic results (residual stenosis >30% or type C to F dissection), bailout stenting (BS) implantation is recommended to mitigate the risk of abrupt vessel occlusion or restenosis.

External Validation of the ISGPS Complexity Grading System for Minimally Invasive Pancreatoduodenectomy: Insights from the IGOMIPS registry.

Objective: To validate the ISGPS complexity grading system for minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD).

Background: Although concerns about patient safety persist, MIPD is gaining popularity. The ISGPS recently introduced a difficulty grading system to improve patient selection by aligning procedural complexity with surgeon and center expertise.

Telemedicine for Managing Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed the rapid expansion of telemedicine for managing chronic conditions such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents. This narrative review aims to explore the role of telemedicine in pediatric T1D management by comparing its use before and after the pandemic. We conducted a comprehensive literature review covering studies published between 2000 and 2024, focusing on telemedicine applications in pediatric T1D care.