Association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and hip replacement for osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study.

Background: To examine the association between circulating 25(OH)D concentrations and incidence of total hip replacement for osteoarthritis in a prospective cohort study.

Methods: This study examined a random sample of 2651 participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study who had 25(OH)D concentrations measured from dried blood spots collected in 1990-1994. Participants who underwent total hip replacement for osteoarthritis between January 2001 and December 2018 were identified by linking the cohort records to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry.

Association of Maternal Depressive Symptoms During the Perinatal Period With Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children and Adolescents.

Importance: An association between perinatal maternal depression and risk of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in offspring has not been established. Identifying early determinants of ODD can help inform preventative intervention efforts.

Objective: To investigate the association between maternal perinatal depressive symptoms and the risk of ODD in offspring aged 7 to 15 years.

Intervention programs designed to promote healthy romantic relationships in youth: A systematic review.

Introduction And Objectives: To conduct a systematic literature review of intervention programs designed to promote healthy romantic relationships in youth (aged 12-25 years). The focus was on universal interventions that have the potential to be effective and widely implemented.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Social Science Database, and Embase.

Gestational urinary tract infections and the risk of antenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms: A longitudinal population-based study.

Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in pregnant women. This is the first longitudinal study investigating the association between gestational UTIs and the risk of maternal antenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Methods: Data were utilised from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

Perceived helpfulness of treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a World Mental Health Surveys report.

Background: Treatment guidelines for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are based on a relatively small number of randomized controlled trials and do not consider patient-centered perceptions of treatment helpfulness. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of patient-reported treatment helpfulness for DSM-5 GAD and its two main treatment pathways: encounter-level treatment helpfulness and persistence in help-seeking after prior unhelpful treatment.

Methods: Data came from community epidemiologic surveys in 23 countries in the WHO World Mental Health surveys.

Economic Evaluation of an Intervention Designed to Reduce Bullying in Australian Schools.

Background: There is a shortage of information on the costs and benefits of anti-bullying programs implemented in Australia. Information on the costs and benefits of anti-bullying programs is vital to assist policy making regarding the adoption of these programs. The aim of this study was to estimate the changes to costs and health benefits of implementing the "Friendly Schools Friendly Families" (FSFF) anti-bullying intervention in Australia.

The Productivity Commission inquiry into mental health.

The report of the Productivity Commission Inquiry into mental health was released in November 2020, estimating the economic cost of mental illness in Australia at over $200 billion a year. The report makes wide-ranging recommendations for improving the mental health of the population, reforming the mental health treatment system, and in the way mental health is managed in other sectors of society.

Developmental exposure to vitamin D deficiency and subsequent risk of schizophrenia.

Over the last half century, a body of convergent evidence has accumulated linking disruption of early brain development with an increased risk of mental disorders, including schizophrenia. The orderly cascade of brain development may be disrupted by exposure to suboptimal concentrations of a range of biological substrates and micronutrients. We hypothesized that those exposed to vitamin D deficiency during early life, have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia.

Cannabidiol for at risk for psychosis youth: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: No biological treatment has been firmly established for the at-risk stage of psychotic disorder. In this study we aim to test if subthreshold psychotic symptoms can be effectively treated with cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound of the plant Cannabis sativa. The question has taken on increased importance in the wake of evidence questioning both the need and efficacy of specific pharmacological interventions in the ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis group.

Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders.

Background: Sex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk.

Methods: We conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G×S) interaction of risk for these disorders using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, and 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the PGC (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and iPSYCH.

Bidirectional associations between treatment-resistant depression and general medical conditions.

Depression is associated with general medical conditions (GMCs), but it is not known if treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects GMC risk and vice versa. We estimated bidirectional associations between TRD and GMCs (prior and subsequent). All individuals aged 18-69 years, born and living in Denmark, with a first-time prescription for an antidepressant between 2005 and 2012 were identified in the Danish Prescription Registry (N = 154,513).

Factors that contribute to urban-rural gradients in risk of schizophrenia: Comparing Danish and Western Australian registers.

Introduction: An association between schizophrenia and urbanicity has long been observed, with studies in many countries, including several from Denmark, reporting that individuals born/raised in densely populated urban settings have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia compared to those born/raised in rural settings. However, these findings have not been replicated in all studies. In particular, a Western Australian study showed a gradient in the opposite direction which disappeared after adjustment for covariates.

Leveraging both individual-level genetic data and GWAS summary statistics increases polygenic prediction.

The accuracy of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to predict complex diseases increases with the training sample size. PRSs are generally derived based on summary statistics from large meta-analyses of multiple genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, it is now common for researchers to have access to large individual-level data as well, such as the UK Biobank data.

Perceived helpfulness of treatment for specific phobia: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys.

Background: Although randomized trials show that specific phobia treatments can be effective, it is unclear whether patients experience treatment as helpful in clinical practice. We investigated this issue by assessing perceived treatment helpfulness for specific phobia in a cross-national epidemiological survey.

Methods: Cross-sectional population-based WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys in 24 countries (n=112,507) assessed lifetime specific phobia.

'Stranger than Fiction': a description of an online essay examination preparation club for Queensland trainees.

Objective: To describe an online essay-style examination preparation group.

Methods: The process of the establishment - including recruitment, rules and characteristics - of 'Stranger than Fiction' is outlined.

Results: Over the 10-week period, 66 essays were submitted, and 40 essays were marked.

The immolation of an Indian bus driver in Brisbane, Australia: delusional disorder, not a 'hate crime' [2018] QMHC 8, Dalton J.

In October 2016, a burning liquid was thrown over a bus driver in Brisbane, Australia. It was reported across the world that the 29-year-old bus driver was a Punjabi Indian and that his killing may have been a hate crime. A subsequent independent inquiry found that 50-year-old Anthony O'Donohue, who was charged with murder and other offences, had a long history of mental illness and had been discharged from treatment from a community mental health service four-and-a-half months earlier.

Register-based metrics of years lived with disability associated with mental and substance use disorders: a register-based cohort study in Denmark.

Background: Mental disorders account for a substantial proportion of the years lived with disability (YLDs) globally. These estimates have generally been calculated top down based on summary statistics. The aim for this study was to calculate YLDs and a novel related measure, Health Loss Proportion (HeLP), for 18 mental and substance use disorders, based on person-level register data (bottom up).

Perceived helpfulness of bipolar disorder treatment: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.

Objectives: To examine patterns and predictors of perceived treatment helpfulness for mania/hypomania and associated depression in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.

Methods: Face-to-face interviews with community samples across 15 countries found n = 2,178 who received lifetime mania/hypomania treatment and n = 624 with lifetime mania/hypomania who received lifetime major depression treatment. These respondents were asked whether treatment was ever helpful and, if so, the number of professionals seen before receiving helpful treatment.