Risk factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality among solid cancer patients and impact of the disease on anticancer treatment: A French nationwide cohort study (GCO-002 CACOVID-19).

Background: Cancer patients are thought to have an increased risk of developing severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and of dying from the disease. In this work, predictive factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality in cancer patients were investigated.

Patients And Methods: In this large nationwide retro-prospective cohort study, we collected data on patients with solid tumours and COVID-19 diagnosed between March 1 and 11th June 2020.

Cardiac sarcoidosis: A long term follow up study.

Background: Prognostic factors are lacking in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), and the effects of immunosuppressive treatments are unclear.

Objectives: To identify prognostic factors and to assess the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on relapse risk in patients presenting with CS.

Methods: From a cohort of 157 patients with CS with a median follow-up of 7 years, we analysed all cardiac and extra-cardiac data and treatments, and assessed relapse-free and overall survival.

Use of supercritical carbon dioxide technology for fabricating a tissue engineering scaffold for anterior cruciate ligament repair.

Tissue-engineered grafts may be useful in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) repair and provide a novel, alternative treatment to clinical complications of rupture, harvest site morbidity and biocompatibility associated with autografts, allografts and synthetic grafts. We successfully used supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO) technology for manufacturing a "smart" biomaterial scaffold, which retains the native protein conformation and tensile strength of the natural ACL but is decellularized for a decreased immunogenic response. We designed and fabricated a new scaffold exhibiting (1) high tensile strength and biomechanical properties comparable to those of the native tissue, (2) thermodynamically-stable extra-cellular matrix (ECM), (3) preserved collagen composition and crosslinking, (4) a decellularized material milieu with potential for future engineering applications and (5) proven feasibility and biocompatibility in an animal model of ligament reconstruction.

Litigation in arthroscopic surgery: a 20-year analysis of legal actions in France.

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological characteristics of litigation following arthroscopic procedures, performed in private practice and public hospitals in France. The secondary objective was to establish a risk profile for medical malpractice lawsuits after arthroscopic surgery.

Methods: All court decisions related to arthroscopic surgery between 1994 and 2020 were collected and reviewed cases from the two main French legal databases (Legifrance and Doctrine).

Establishment of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma molecular gradient (PAMG) that predicts the clinical outcome of pancreatic cancer.

Background: A significant gap in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patient's care is the lack of molecular parameters characterizing tumours and allowing a personalized treatment.

Methods: Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were obtained from 76 consecutive PDAC and classified according to their histology into five groups. A PDAC molecular gradient (PAMG) was constructed from PDX transcriptomes recapitulating the five histological groups along a continuous gradient.

Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Management of Patients with Cancer.

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak is having a profound impact on the management of patients with cancer. In this review, we comprehensively investigate the various aspects of cancer care during the pandemic, taking advantage of data generated in Asia and Europe at the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic spread. Cancer wards have been subjected to several modifications to protect patients and healthcare professionals from COVID-19 infection, while attempting to maintain cancer diagnosis, therapy, and research.

Histopathological Revision for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Expert Centers: Does It Make the Difference?

Background: The correct histopathological diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) is crucial for treatment selection and prognostication. It is also very challenging due to limited experience in nonexpert centers. Revision of pathology is standard of care for most patients who are referred to NEN expert centers.

High-grade gliomas in adolescents and young adults highlight histomolecular differences from their adult and pediatric counterparts.

Background: Considering that pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are biologically distinct from their adult counterparts, the objective of this study was to define the landscape of HGGs in adolescents and young adults (AYAs).

Methods: We performed a multicentric retrospective study of 112 AYAs from adult and pediatric Ile-de-France neurosurgical units, treated between 1998 and 2013 to analyze their clinicoradiological and histomolecular profiles. The inclusion criteria were age between 15 and 25 years, histopathological HGG diagnosis, available clinical data, and preoperative and follow-up MRI.

The gut as a hidden source of sepsis.

From the initial hypothesis considering 30 years ago the gut as the "motor" of multiple organ failure (MOF) related to an induced hyperpermeability leading to bacterial translocation into the systemic circulation, the reality becomes significantly more complex. The gut contains three interplaying components - the epithelium, the microbiome, and the immune system - that have to cooperate to maintain two opposite function: adsorption of nutrients and maintenance of a barrier to prevent the crossing of intraluminal microbes or their products to avoid host response. Many critical illnesses are altering such a functional integrity that facilitate the growth of pathogens, their translocation toward blood or lymph, and the activation of the systemic inflammation with high risk of MOF.

Imported loiasis in France: a retrospective analysis of 167 cases with comparison between sub-Saharan and non sub-Saharan African patients.

Background: Imported loiasis is a rare cause of consultation at the return of stay in central Africa, which often poses difficult diagnostic and therapeutic questions to practitioners especially those who are unaccustomed to tropical medicine. These difficulties can lead to risks for the patients especially if inappropriate treatment is given. Large series of imported loiasis are scarce.

Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: diagnostic value of active and passive range of motion with volume of gleno-humeral capsule as a reference.

Background: The diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis is currently based on restricted range of motion (ROM) but its diagnostic value has only been rarely investigated.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of active global and passive gleno-humeral ROM to diagnose shoulder adhesive capsulitis.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Trunk Growth in Early-Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis Measured With Biplanar Radiography.

Study Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal retrospective study.

Objectives: To measure thoracic dimensions and volume during growth in early-onset idiopathic scoliosis (EOIS) patients and to compare them to a population of asymptomatic adults and to the previous literature.

Summary Of Background Data: Data on trunk growth for scoliotic children between 6 and 14 years of age is sparse in the literature.

A clinical-grade acellular matrix for esophageal replacement.

In pathologies of the esophagus such as esophageal atresia, cancers, and caustic injuries, methods for full thickness esophageal replacement require the sacrifice of healthy intra-abdominal organs such as the stomach and the colon and are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and poor functional results. To overcome these problems, tissue engineering methods are developed to create a substitute with scaffolds and cells. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and safe decellularization process in order to obtain a clinical grade esophageal extracellular matrix.

Transportin-1 binds to the HIV-1 capsid via a nuclear localization signal and triggers uncoating.

The initial steps of HIV replication in host cells prime the virus for passage through the nuclear pore and drive the establishment of a productive and irreparable infection. The timely release of the viral genome from the capsid-referred to as uncoating-is emerging as a critical parameter for nuclear import, but the triggers and mechanisms that orchestrate these steps are unknown. Here, we identify β-karyopherin Transportin-1 (TRN-1) as a cellular co-factor of HIV-1 infection, which binds to incoming capsids, triggers their uncoating and promotes viral nuclear import.

Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy: A thirty years evolution.

Chemoradiotherapy is now considered the standard of care for many locally advanced diseases. Cytotoxic drugs have been largely evaluated in this setting, with cisplatin and 5FU the most often used drugs. A large amount of pre-clinical studies has demonstrated the synergy between both modalities.

Elevated Fatty Liver Index as a Risk Factor for All-Cause Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Cohort Study).

Background And Aims: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients are at high risk of metabolic complications and liver-related events, which are both associated with hepatic steatosis and its progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a known risk factor for mortality. The fatty liver index (FLI), a noninvasive steatosis biomarker, has recently drawn attention for its clinical prognostic value, although its capacity to predict mortality risk in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients has never been investigated. Using a Cox proportional hazards model for mortality from all causes, with data from the French National Agency for Research on Aids and Viral Hepatitis CO13 HEPAVIH cohort (983 patients, 4,432 visits), we tested whether elevated FLI (≥60) was associated with all-cause mortality.

Corporeal Compression at the Onset of Septic shock (COCOONs): a compression method to reduce fluid balance of septic shock patients.

Fluid overload in septic intensive care unit (ICU) patients is common and strongly associated with poor outcome. There is currently no treatment for capillary leak, which is mainly responsible for high positive fluid balance (FB) in sepsis. We hypothesized that increasing interstitial pressure with extensive corporeal compression would reduce FB.

Lower respiratory tract amyloidosis: Presentation, survival and prognostic factors. A multicenter consecutive case series.

Lower-respiratory-tract (LRT) amyloidosis has rarely been investigated. Our study presents characteristics, outcomes and survival of LRT amyloidosis. This multicenter retrospective study, from 1995 to 2017, included 73 patients with amyloidosis and LRT involvement.

Adherence with metreleptin therapy and health self-perception in patients with lipodystrophic syndromes.

Background: Although metreleptin replacement therapy was shown to improve metabolic alterations in lipodystrophic syndromes, patients' adherence and satisfaction with treatment have never been evaluated. The 20 patients with lipodystrophic syndromes participating in the French compassionate program of metreleptin therapy filled in a self-questionnaire including an Adherence Evaluation Test, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM®-vII), and items about physical appearance.

Results: 15 patients were women, median age was 32.

Efficacy of colistin alone and in various combinations for the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis due to carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Objectives: In a new experimental model of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae osteomyelitis we evaluated the efficacy of colistin alone and in various combinations and examined the emergence of colistin-resistant strains and cross-resistance to host defence peptides (HDPs).

Methods: KPC-99YC is a clinical strain with intermediate susceptibility to meropenem (MIC = 4 mg/L) and full susceptibility to gentamicin, colistin and tigecycline (MICs = 1 mg/L) and fosfomycin (MIC = 32 mg/L). Time-kill curves were performed at 4× MIC.

EANM procedural guidelines for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy using cardiac-centered gamma cameras.

An increasing number of Nuclear Medicine sites in Europe are using cardiac-centered gamma cameras for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS). Three cardiac-centered gamma cameras are currently the most frequently used in Europe: the D-SPECT (Spectrum Dynamics), the Alcyone (Discovery NM 530c and Discovery NM/CT 570c; General Electric Medical Systems), and the IQ-SPECT (Siemens Healthcare). The increased myocardial count sensitivity of these three cardiac-centered systems has allowed for a decrease in the activities of radiopharmaceuticals injected to patients for myocardial perfusion imaging and, consequently, radiation exposure of patients.