Two thousand years of garden urbanism in the Upper Amazon.

A dense system of pre-Hispanic urban centers has been found in the Upano Valley of Amazonian Ecuador, in the eastern foothills of the Andes. Fieldwork and light detection and ranging (LIDAR) analysis have revealed an anthropized landscape with clusters of monumental platforms, plazas, and streets following a specific pattern intertwined with extensive agricultural drainages and terraces as well as wide straight roads running over great distances. Archaeological excavations date the occupation from around 500 BCE to between 300 and 600 CE.

Understanding Bachelorhood in Poverty-stricken and High Sex Ratio Settings: An Exploratory Study in Rural Shaanxi, China.

Coupled with the social practice of female hypergamy, the male surplus within the never-married population means that today's Chinese marriage market is extremely tight in particular for men from a rural background and the least privileged socio-economic categories. Drawing on quantitative data from a survey conducted in 2014-2015, this article sheds light on the situation of single men who are past prime marriage age in three rural districts of Shaanxi particularly affected by this phenomenon. It compares single men's characteristics to those of their married counterparts and offers insights into the heterogeneity of single men with the aim of challenging some commonly accepted assumptions about bachelorhood in rural China.

Decentralisation of Brazil's HIV/AIDS programme: intended and unintended consequences.

Brazil's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic was characterised by an innovative alliance of governmental and non-governmental actors inspired by a strong progressive tradition in public health. Brazil eventually moved to decentralise HIV/AIDS programmes to its states and cities, a policy endorsed and supported financially by the World Bank as consistent with the mix of public and private elements central to the country's HIV/AIDS strategy. However, decentralisation has not provided the results anticipated.

Forms of presentism in the history of science. Rethinking the project of historical epistemology.

Since the late 1980s, presentism has seen a resurgence among some historians of science. Most of them draw a line between a good form of presentism and typical anachronism, but where the line should be drawn remains an open question. The present article aims at resolving this problem.

Investigating the effects of medical density on health-seeking behaviours using a multiscale approach to residential and activity spaces: results from a prospective cohort study in the Paris metropolitan area, France.

Background: When measuring neighbourhood effects on health, it is both incorrect to treat individuals as if they were static and tied to their residential neighbourhood and to consider neighbourhoods rigid places whose geographical scales can be delineated a priori. We propose here to investigate the effects of residential medical density on health-seeking behaviours, taking into account the mono/polycentric structure of individual activity space (i.e.