One-Year Outcome for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Results From the French National Register.

Objective: To evaluate the status of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) management in France and to assess predictors of adverse outcomes.

Study Design: We reviewed the first-year outcome of all cases of CDH reported to the French National Register in 2011.

Results: A total of 158 cases were included.

Pulmonary vascular remodeling patterns and expression of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.

Background: Heritable pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is linked to mutations in the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) gene, leading to a loss of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2). The role of GCN2 expression in pulmonary vascular remodeling remains obscure. We sought to identify specific histologic and biologic features in heritable PVOD.

Supraclavicular Approach to Ultrasound-Guided Brachiocephalic Vein Cannulation in Children and Neonates.

The correct choice of intra vascular access in critically ill neonates should be individualized depending on the type and duration of therapy, gestational and chronological age, weight and/or size, diagnosis, clinical status, and venous system patency. Accordingly, there is an ongoing demand for optimization of catheterization. Recently, the use of ultrasound (US)-guided cannulation of the subclavian vein (SCV) has been described in children and neonates.

Cross-sectional association of coffee and caffeine consumption with sex hormone-binding globulin in healthy nondiabetic women.

Objective: Low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a consistent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Coffee consumption has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, but its effects on SHBG are less known.

Design And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 2377 nondiabetic pre- and postmenopausal women from the E3N cohort study whose baseline SHBG was measured.

Variability of Care in Infants with Severe Bronchiolitis: Less-Invasive Respiratory Management Leads to Similar Outcomes.

Objective: To compare the management of children with severe bronchiolitis requiring intensive care (based on duration of ventilatory support and duration of pediatric intensive care unit [PICU] stay) in 2 countries with differing pediatric transport and PICU organizations.

Study Design: This was a prospective observational care study in 2 PICUs of tertiary care university hospitals, 1 in France and 1 in Canada. All children with bronchiolitis who required admission to the PICU between November 1, 2013, and March 31, 2014, were included.

Priority target conditions for algorithms for monitoring children's growth: Interdisciplinary consensus.

Background: Growth monitoring of apparently healthy children aims at early detection of serious conditions through the use of both clinical expertise and algorithms that define abnormal growth. Optimization of growth monitoring requires standardization of the definition of abnormal growth, and the selection of the priority target conditions is a prerequisite of such standardization.

Objective: To obtain a consensus about the priority target conditions for algorithms monitoring children's growth.

Consensus Statement of the European Urology Association and the European Urogynaecological Association on the Use of Implanted Materials for Treating Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence.

Context: Surgical nonautologous meshes have been used for several decades to repair abdominal wall herniae. Implantable materials have been adopted for the treatment of female and male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and female pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Objective: A consensus review of existing data based on published meta-analyses and reviews.

Investigating hyperventilation syndrome in patients suffering from empty nose syndrome.

Objectives/hypothesis: Patients with empty nose syndrome (ENS) following turbinate surgery often complain about breathing difficulties. We set out to determine if dyspnea in patients with ENS was associated with hyperventilation syndrome (HVS). We hypothesized that lower airway symptoms in ENS could be explained by HVS.

Sepsis risk factors in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare congenital anomaly and remains among the most challenging ICU-managed disease. Beside severe pulmonary hypertension, lung hypoplasia and major abdominal surgery, infective complications remain major determinants of outcome. However, the specific incidence of sepsis as well as associated risk factors is unknown.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infects Regulatory B Cells in Human Neonates via Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 and Promotes Lung Disease Severity.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and is characterized by pulmonary infiltration of B cells in fatal cases. We analyzed the B cell compartment in human newborns and identified a population of neonatal regulatory B lymphocytes (nBreg cells) that produced interleukin 10 (IL-10) in response to RSV infection. The polyreactive B cell receptor of nBreg cells interacted with RSV protein F and induced upregulation of chemokine receptor CX3CR1.

Ultrasound-Guided Subclavian Vein Cannulation in Low Birth Weight Neonates.

Objectives: Central venous access in critically ill, small infants remains technically challenging even in experienced hands. Several vascular accesses exist, but the subclavian vein is often preferred for central venous catheter insertion in infants where abdominal malformation and/or closure of the vein preclude the use of umbilical venous catheters, as catheterization of the subclavian vein is easier in very short necks than the internal jugular vein for age-related anatomical reasons. The subclavian vein approach is yet relatively undescribed in low birth weight infants (i.

Deferring surgical treatment of ambiguous genitalia into adolescence in girls with 21-hydroxylase deficiency: a feasibility study.

Background: Genital surgery in Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) has been an area of debate over the past 20 years. Emerging scientific evidence in the late 1990s defied the then routine practice to surgically align genitalia to the sex of rearing, as early as possible. However, despite multitude of data showing detrimental effects to genital sensation and sexuality, few patients born with ambiguous genitalia have remained unoperated into adolescence.

Clinical Relevance of the First Domomedicine Platform Securing Multidrug Chronotherapy Delivery in Metastatic Cancer Patients at Home: The inCASA European Project.

Background: Telehealth solutions can improve the safety of ambulatory chemotherapy, contributing to the maintenance of patients at their home, hence improving their well-being, all the while reducing health care costs. There is, however, need for a practicable multilevel monitoring solution, encompassing relevant outputs involved in the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Domomedicine embraces the delivery of complex care and medical procedures at the patient's home based on modern technologies, and thus it offers an integrated approach for increasing the safety of cancer patients on chemotherapy.

BMPR2 mutation status influences bronchial vascular changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

The impact of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene mutations on vascular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. We sought to identify a histological profile of BMPR2 mutation carriers.Clinical data and lung histology from 44 PAH patients were subjected to systematic analysis and morphometry.

Percutaneous balloon atrial septostomy on top of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation results in safe and effective left heart decompression.

Background: Transcatheter techniques are emerging for left atrial (LA) decompression under venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). We aimed to assess whether balloon atrioseptostomy (BAS) is a safe and efficient strategy.

Methods: All patients who underwent percutaneous static BAS under VA-ECMO at four tertiary institutions were retrospectively reviewed.

Implementing sepsis bundles.

Sepsis bundles represent key elements of care regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients with septic shock and allow ones to convert complex guidelines into meaningful changes in behavior. Sepsis bundles endorsed the early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) and their implementation resulted in an improved outcome of septic shock patients. They induced more consistent and timely application of evidence-based care and reduced practice variability.

A Dilated Cardiomyopathy Revealing a Neuroblastoma: Which Link?

Acute cardiac dysfunctions associated to neuroblastoma have rarely been reported. Cases already described are mainly related to high blood pressure, and rarely to an "acute catecholamine cardiomyopathy" more frequently found in adults with pheochromocytoma or secreting paraganglioma. We here report a case of an 8-month-old infant with severe acute cardiac failure with dilated cardiomyopathy and moderate ischemic myocardial signs, revealing a favorable histoprognosis neuroblastoma.

The Pathobiology of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a late sequel of venous thromboembolism that cannot be completely reproduced in animal models. The prevalence of CTEPH in humans is estimated at roughly 17-20 per million; however, partly because up to 50% of patients with CTEPH never experience symptomatic pulmonary embolism, precise numbers on the incidence and prevalence are not known. Because CTEPH is diagnosed at a median age of 63 years in patients who often have other concomitant cardiovascular disease or lung disease, assessment of pathophysiology in patients can be challenging, We do know that CTEPH is a dual vascular disorder.

Diet Quality Scores and Prediction of All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality in a Pan-European Cohort Study.

Scores of overall diet quality have received increasing attention in relation to disease aetiology; however, their value in risk prediction has been little examined. The objective was to assess and compare the association and predictive performance of 10 diet quality scores on 10-year risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in 451,256 healthy participants to the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, followed-up for a median of 12.8y.

Extracorporeal Life Support After Pulmonary Endarterectomy as a Bridge to Recovery or Transplantation: Lessons From 31 Consecutive Patients.

Background: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) can be used to sustain patients having cardiorespiratory failure after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). We aimed to assess outcomes and to identify factors associated with short-term survival among patients who required ECLS after PEA.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who required ECLS after PEA between 2005 and 2013 at our institution.

Healthy Lifestyle and Risk of Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort Study.

It has been estimated that at least a third of the most common cancers are related to lifestyle and as such are preventable. Key modifiable lifestyle factors have been individually associated with cancer risk; however, less is known about the combined effects of these factors. This study generated a healthy lifestyle index score (HLIS) to investigate the joint effect of modifiable factors on the risk of overall cancers, alcohol-related cancers, tobacco-related cancers, obesity-related cancers, and reproductive-related cancers.