904 results match your criteria: "Parapoxviruses"
Development of a multiplex droplet digital PCR method for detection and differentiation of mpox virus clades.
J Virol Methods
February 2025
Shaanxi Blood Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China. Electronic address:
Background: The current outbreak of mpox has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. However, distinguishing symptoms of mpox virus (MPXV) infection from other orthopoxviruses is atypical, necessitating laboratory confirmatory tests to aid in clinical diagnosis. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection and differentiation of various clades of MPXV are imperative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFirst-in-Human Phase I Trial to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Orf Virus-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Booster.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The Prime-2-CoV_Beta is a new COVID-19 vaccine designed to target the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens, and was tested in a phase I clinical trial involving 60 healthy adults in Germany from June 2022 to June 2023.
- The trial showed that the vaccine had a good safety profile with only mild to moderate side effects, such as pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache, and no serious adverse events were reported.
- Immunization resulted in strong immune responses, particularly at higher doses, leading to significant increases in antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, indicating the vaccine's potential for broader protection
Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of camel contagious ecthyma virus in Morocco.
Microb Pathog
January 2025
Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Camel contagious ecthyma is a viral skin disease that significantly impacts camels and leads to economic losses; this study focuses on identifying and analyzing the virus in Morocco, where it was found in 4 out of 15 affected camels.
- The research involved isolating the virus from skin crust samples and conducting various tests including PCR, which identified genetic similarities to the Ethiopian strain and allowed classification into two genetic clades: Asian and African lineages.
- This study marks the first detection of the virus in North Africa and highlights the virus's opportunistic infection tendencies linked to stress in the animals, suggesting the need for further research to assess its behavior and help in vaccine development.
Preparation and characterization of a mouse polyclonal antibody against the truncated ORFV113 recombinant protein of Orf virus.
Vet J
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China. Electronic address:
Orf is a contagious zoonotic disease caused by Orf virus (ORFV), posing a threat to both animal and human health. The ORFV113 gene, located in the terminal variable region of the ORFV genome, has been demonstrated as a significant virulence gene, but its function remains largely unknown. In the study, we first amplified the truncated version of the ORFV113 gene (ORFV113t) by removing its transmembrane domain at the 5' end.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection and molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease and bovine papular stomatitis viruses in lumpy skin disease-suspected outbreaks in Tanzania.
Virol J
November 2024
Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, Vienna, A-1400, Austria.
Article Synopsis
- Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a significant threat to the cattle industry, particularly affecting regions in sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania, where there is limited information about the disease and its causative agents.
- A study collected samples from suspected LSD outbreaks in Tanzania and used real-time PCR and high-resolution multiplex melting assays to confirm the presence of LSDV and other poxviruses, identifying 10 positive samples for Capripoxvirus and 1 for Parapoxvirus.
- Genetic analysis revealed that Tanzanian LSDV isolates are highly similar to other circulating LSDVs but have unique characteristics, emphasizing the need for effective control and monitoring programs for LSD and highlighting the presence of a previously unreported strain of BPSV
The first molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papular stomatitis virus in Iran.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis
October 2023
Iranian Veterinary Organization, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- - Bovine papular stomatitis (BPS) is a mild viral disease caused by the Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), and this study is the first to analyze its molecular characteristics in beef calves in Iran.
- - Researchers examined four cattle herds that had outbreaks, collected swab samples, and confirmed BPSV presence using PCR.
- - Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades of BPSV isolates from Iranian calves, showing genetic diversity; further studies are recommended for better understanding of the virus's circulation.
Pathogenicity and phylogenetic analysis of ovine contagious ecthyma virus isolated during a sheeppox outbreak in Morocco.
Microb Pathog
December 2024
Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Contagious ecthyma (CE), also known as ORF, is a viral skin disease affecting humans and various animals, including sheep and goats.
- A study investigating an outbreak of sheeppox and ORF in Northwest Morocco identified skin lesions in affected sheep and confirmed ORF through PCR testing.
- This research marks the first detection of ORF in Morocco, highlighting a potential health risk for humans and animals alike.
A novel orf virus vector-based COVID-19 booster vaccine shows cross-neutralizing activity in the absence of anti-vector neutralizing immunity.
Hum Vaccin Immunother
December 2024
Speransa Therapeutics, TowerOne (Spaces), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Next-generation COVID-19 vaccines aim to improve coverage against existing and future variants while extending protection duration; the Prime-2-CoV_Beta vaccine uses an ORF virus platform to present multiple antigens.
- A phase 1 trial (ORFEUS study) tested the safety and immune response of Prime-2-CoV_Beta in participants aged 18-55 and 65-85 who previously received mRNA vaccines, with doses administered on day 1 and day 29.
- Results showed that Prime-2-CoV_Beta is safe, well tolerated, and generates strong immune responses, especially in younger participants, suggesting the ORFV platform's potential for future vaccine development.
Designing a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against Orf virus using molecular docking and molecular dynamics.
Virulence
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on creating a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for the Orf virus (ORFV), which significantly impacts the livestock industry.
- The vaccine design involves selecting various immune response epitopes and enhancing its effectiveness by adding an adjuvant, resulting in a safe and non-toxic formulation with strong immune responses.
- Molecular modeling and simulations confirm the vaccine's stability and strong binding to immune receptors, supporting its potential as a robust candidate for preventing ORFV infections.
[Orf virus infection in a 53-year-old woman].
Dermatologie (Heidelb)
September 2024
Universitäts-Hautklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Article Synopsis
- The orf virus is a type of parapoxvirus found globally, primarily in sheep and goats.
- Humans can get infected through direct or indirect contact with these animals, resulting in ulcerations that typically heal on their own in healthy individuals.
- Any infections must be reported to professional associations, especially if they happen in work settings like farming.
An outbreak of ischaemic teat necrosis in a dairy herd in Taranaki, New Zealand.
N Z Vet J
November 2024
Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Article Synopsis
- In spring 2021, 12 first-calving heifers on a Taranaki dairy farm developed severe skin lesions on their teats, leading to varied outcomes: 8 cows recovered while 4 were culled, with two requiring surgical intervention.
- The lesions started as crusty scabs and progressed to thick, dead tissue, causing inflammation without milk leakage or odor; diagnostic tests excluded several viral causes.
- The condition was diagnosed as ischaemic teat necrosis (ITN), resembling a novel disease previously reported in the UK, with additional cases appearing on the same farm in the following years.
Expression of F1L, a vaccinia virus H3L transmembrane protein analogue of orf virus, and its successful purification as a diagnostic antigen.
Virus Genes
December 2024
Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Nainital District, Mukteshwar, Uttarakhand, 263138, India.
Article Synopsis
- Orf or contagious ecthyma is a viral disease that affects small ruminants like goats and sheep, and is a significant health and economic issue worldwide, particularly in India.
- The researchers successfully cloned and expressed the F1L gene from the orf virus in insect cells using a specialized vector, resulting in two versions of the recombinant protein that were confirmed through various biochemical techniques.
- The study indicates that the purified F1L protein could serve as a useful diagnostic tool for detecting orf virus infections in small ruminants, marking a noteworthy advancement in the field.
High-Throughput Determination of Infectious Virus Titers by Kinetic Measurement of Infection-Induced Changes in Cell Morphology.
Int J Mol Sci
July 2024
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Viral Therapeutics Center, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The study presents a new type of infectivity assay that uses label-free bright-field imaging to track changes in cell shape due to virus infection.
- This kinetic infectious virus titer (KIT) assay allows for quick analysis of viral titers, showing results within 24 hours and demonstrating high accuracy with low variability across samples.
- The KIT assay is versatile enough to be applied to various viruses and could significantly improve the efficiency of virus testing in both pharmaceutical and academic settings.
KCNE4 is a crucial host factor for Orf virus infection by mediating viral entry.
Virol J
August 2024
Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
Article Synopsis
- The orf virus (ORFV) is a major threat to sheep, goats, and humans, causing around $150 million in losses annually in the livestock industry.
- A study identified the potassium voltage-gated channel gene KCNE4 as crucial for ORFV infection, showing increased expression in infected sheep testicular cells and decreased virus replication when KCNE4 was inhibited or knocked out.
- The research suggests that targeting KCNE4 or its pathways could be a potential strategy for developing treatments against ORFV, offering a new understanding of how the virus interacts with host cells.
Analytical and clinical evaluation of a novel real-time PCR-based detection kit for Mpox virus.
Med Microbiol Immunol
August 2024
School of Medicine and Health, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- * A new diagnostic kit was evaluated, showing a low Limit of Detection and no interference from other substances or pathogens, ensuring its reliability.
- * The MPXV real-time PCR assay demonstrated excellent diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96.97%), indicating it performs well compared to existing tests.
Malignant skin neoplasms in goats in Sicily, Italy: clinical, virological and pathological investigations.
J Comp Pathol
August 2024
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccine, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- * A total of 75 malignant skin masses were analyzed, revealing 67 squamous cell carcinomas (most in the perineal area), alongside a few melanomas and fibrosarcomas.
- * Viral infections such as papillomaviruses and herpesvirus were not found in the selected lesions, indicating more research is needed to explore their potential impact on skin tumors in goats.
Outbreak of Contagious Ecthyma in Free-Ranging Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in the Montgrí Massif Natural Park, Catalonia, Northeastern Spain.
J Wildl Dis
October 2024
Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels turons s/n, Edifici V, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Contagious ecthyma, caused by the orf virus, is a viral skin disease that mainly affects farmed small ruminants but can also infect various mammals, particularly Caprinae species.
- An outbreak of ORFV infection was observed in an Iberian ibex population in Catalonia, Spain, between November 2019 and January 2020, with a peak prevalence of nearly 69%.
- Despite the outbreak, monitoring showed no significant impact on the ibex population, and this was the first recorded case of contagious ecthyma in free-ranging Iberian ibexes.
Cryo-EM structure of orf virus scaffolding protein orfv075.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
October 2024
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Capsid-like proteins in poxviruses self-assemble into a lattice that helps form immature virus particles, a key step in virus development.
- The study presents the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the scaffolding protein Orfv075 from orf virus, highlighting conserved regions involved in assembly compared to a related protein in vaccinia virus.
- The research suggests that both viruses have similar assembly mechanisms and identifies the scaffolding protein as a potential target for developing anti-poxvirus treatments.
Prevalence, clinico-epidemiological features, and molecular characterization of bovine papular stomatitis virus in cattle in Iraq.
Arch Virol
June 2024
Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.
Article Synopsis
- Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) is a virus affecting cattle, leading to skin lesions mainly on the udder and mouth, and little research has been done on it in Iraq.
- A study in Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, examined 264 cattle, finding that 79.9% (211 cows and calves) with lesions tested positive for BPSV using PCR.
- The BPSV strains identified in Iraq were genetically similar to those found in the USA, suggesting the need for further research on the virus's evolution and spread in the area.
TLR9-Dependent Activation by Inactivated Parapoxvirus Ovis in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Is Associated with Specific Strain-Dependent Dendritic Cell Subsets.
J Innate Immun
July 2024
Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) shows potential as a therapeutic agent by strongly affecting innate immune cells, but its signaling pathways remain poorly understood.
- The study analyzed how different types of dendritic cells (DCs) in mice responded to iPPVO through various methods, including flow cytometry and Western blotting.
- Results indicated that while certain DCs matured and produced cytokines in response to iPPVO, the signaling pathways involved varied; cDCs were activated independently of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), while the activation of pDCs was partially reliant on TLR9, suggesting other pathways also play a role in the immune response.
Poxviruses in Children.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Article Synopsis
- The Poxviridae family consists of a variety of viruses, divided into two subfamilies: Chordopoxvirinae for vertebrates and Entomopoxvirinae for insects, with only three species that can infect humans.
- Post-smallpox eradication in 1980, mass vaccination was stopped, leaving many, especially children, unprotected against Orthopoxvirus (OPV).
- This chapter aims to explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Poxviridae infections in pediatric populations.
Orf, a Human Parapoxvirus Infection.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Joseph Ayobabalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Nigeria.
Article Synopsis
- Parapoxvirus infections are often overlooked zoonoses, causing oral lesions in ruminants and can be transmitted directly or indirectly to humans through contact with infected animals or contaminated items.
- The virus shows no significant symptoms in many infected animals, complicating detection and emphasizing the need for a "One Health" approach to address both human and veterinary health.
- In immunocompetent humans, the lesions can self-resolve within 2 months, while immunocompromised individuals may require medical interventions such as antiviral treatments or surgery.
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Biology and Immune Response.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a member of the Poxviridae family, specifically belonging to the genus Molluscipoxvirus, and it primarily infects human skin tissue.* -
- After an incubation period of 2 to 6 weeks, MCV leads to skin lesions called papules, influenced by the individual's immune response, and it does not enter the bloodstream.* -
- Infection is common in children and immunocompromised individuals, and while treatments exist, including immunomodulators, they often lack effectiveness in managing MCV-induced lesions.*
Bioinformatics-based screening tool identifies a wide variety of human and zoonotic viruses in Trujillo-Peru wastewater.
One Health
June 2024
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
Article Synopsis
- Peru struggled significantly with COVID-19, leading to diminished focus on other endemic viral diseases due to health facility reallocation.
- The One Health approach combines environmental surveillance with clinical testing to detect infectious diseases, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring.
- A study utilized wastewater samples from Trujillo to identify diverse viruses, confirming the presence of multiple human and zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and others through advanced sequencing methods.
Novel Multi-Antigen Orf-Virus-Derived Vaccine Elicits Protective Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Response in Monovalent and Bivalent Formats.
Vaccines (Basel)
May 2024
Speransa Therapeutics, Frankfurt am Main, 60327 Frankfurt, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Prime-2-CoV_Beta is a new COVID-19 vaccine candidate that uses an Orf virus to express the nucleocapsid and spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2, specifically the Beta strain.
- In Phase I clinical trials, the vaccine was found to be safe and able to generate immune responses, but further studies were needed due to the evolving variants, particularly Omicron.
- Research in mice and hamsters showed that while Prime-2-CoV_Beta elicited strong immune responses in unvaccinated animals, it did not significantly boost immunity in already immunized subjects and demonstrated similar protection levels between different immunization strategies.