c-Jun regulates eyelid closure and skin tumor development through EGFR signaling.

To investigate the function of c-Jun during skin development and skin tumor formation, we conditionally inactivated c-jun in the epidermis. Mice lacking c-jun in keratinocytes (c-jun(Deltaep)) develop normal skin but express reduced levels of EGFR in the eyelids, leading to open eyes at birth, as observed in EGFR null mice. Primary keratinocytes from c-jun(Deltaep) mice proliferate poorly, show increased differentiation, and form prominent cortical actin bundles, most likely because of decreased expression of EGFR and its ligand HB-EGF.

Pediatric tumors of the eye and orbit.

Most ocular and orbital tumors of childhood are distinct from tumors that occur in adults. Many are congenital with early presentations. Most pediatric orbital tumors are benign; developmental cysts comprise half of orbital cases, with capillary hemangioma being the second most common orbital tumor.

[Treatment of benign eyelid conditions with Argon laser].

Eyelid surgery is not always uneventful. Complications (punctal ectropion, retractile scars) can sometimes occur. Argon laser treatment is an interesting alternative technique, particularly in cases with cosmetic indications.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy of eyelid lesions.

This study compared ultrasound biomicroscopy with histopathology in discerning depth of eyelid lesions and tissue characteristics. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (50 MHz) was used to analyze lesion depth and tissue characteristics of eight patients with eyelid lesions referred to a university-based referral practice prior to excisional biopsy. This data was then compared to histopathologic findings.

Expression of CD44V6 and PCNA in squamous cell carcinomas.

Objective: To investigate the expression of cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD(44V6)) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in ocular squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods: Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression of CD(44V6) and PCNA in 35 cases of ocular squamous cell carcinomas, 20 cases of papillomas, and 11 cases of normal eyelid tissue.

Results: The CD(44V6) positive rate was 62.

The use of postoperative topical mitomycin C in the treatment of recurrent conjunctival papilloma.

Purpose: To describe the use of postoperative topical mitomycin C (MMC) in the treatment of recurrent conjunctival papilloma.

Methods: Case report.

Results: We report a 26-year-old man with recurrent conjunctival papilloma despite repeated surgical excision, cauterization, and cryotherapy.

Fluorouracil as a treatment for corneal papilloma in a Malayan tapir.

A 26-year-old, wild caught, male Malayan tapir at the Miami Metrozoo with bilateral corneal papillomas was serially immobilized and given subconjunctival injections of fluorouracil. Over the course of 17 weeks five bilateral injections of 25 mg fluorouracil were given. This treatment caused regression of the corneal lesions as evidenced by decreased lesion diameter, decreased corneal vascularity, increased corneal clarity, and improved visual function.

[Bilateral nevus of the caruncle].

Background: Pathologic processes of the caruncle are relatively rare with a predominance of papillomas, pyogenic granulomas and nevi.

Patient: A 22 year old Caucasian male patient presented with bilateral hyperpigmentations of the caruncle. They had first been observed at an age of seven and showed slight progression in size and colour with time.

[Basal cell carcinoma associated with a squamous cell papilloma at the inner part of the eyelid].

There are numerous variants of cutaneous tumors involving the eyelids. Tumors of a different nature may at times be observed simultaneously in the same area of the eyelid. A clinicopathologic case of a 36-year-old male patient with 2 different cutaneous tumors at the nasal part of the left eyelid is reported.

Failure to detect human papillomavirus DNA in malignant epithelial neoplasms of conjunctiva by polymerase chain reaction.

To elucidate the putative role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the etiology of conjunctival tumors, 44 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of conjunctival tumors (24 patients with papillomas and 20 patients with dysplastic and/or malignant tumors) were screened for HPV infection using 4 different polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Of the 24 samples of papilloma, 14 (58%) displayed positive results by applying nested PCR using primer sets of HPV consensus L1 region. HPV type 6 or 11 was detected in 9 cases of papilloma by type-specific primer sets, but none of them were positive for HPV type 16 or 18.

[A study on expression of CD44V6 and PCNA in squamous cell carcinomas].

Objective: To investigate the expression of cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD44V6) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in eyes.

Method: Streptavidinbiotin peroxidase complex (SABC) immunohistochemical method was used to study the expression of CD44V6 and PCNA in 35 cases with squamous cell carcinoma in eyes, 20 cases with papilloma, 11 cases with normal eyelid tissue.

Results: The CD44V6 positive rate was 62.

Human papillomavirus in conjunctival papilloma.

Aim: To examine conjunctival papillomas for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and koilocytosis.

Methods: Archival paraffin embedded tissue from 55 conjunctival papillomas was analysed for the presence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent filter hybridisation. Histological sections of the 55 papillomas were evaluated for the presence of koilocytosis.

[Hyperkeratosis papilloma of the eyelid. An anatomic clinical case].

A clinicopathologic case of an 80-year-old male patient with a single cutaneous tumor on the upper part of the left eyelid is reported. It was a grayish and pigmented mass covered with a thick keratin layer, well circumscribed, and exophytic. After surgical removal, histopathology showed that the tumor had a papillomatous pattern and was growing under a thick layer of hyperkeratosis.

[Papillomatous and nevus of the caruncle].

A 63-year-old male patient was operated of a single conjunctival papillomatous lesion located on the left caruncle. The curative tumoral excision was followed by its histological analysis. Histologically, the tumor associated an epithelial squamous papilloma with a subepithelial nevus, confirming a combination of two different lesions.

Detection of human papillomavirus in epithelial lesions of the conjunctiva.

Context: Many factors like exposure to UV radiation, climatic conditions, genetic predisposition, immunological state and, more recently, the presence of HPV have been implicated in the genesis of some lesions of the conjunctiva, especially the carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of HPV DNA in acquired lesions of the conjunctiva and in normal mucosa.

Type Of Study: Cross-sectional study.

Detection of HPV-20, HPV-23, and HPV-DL332 in a solitary eyelid syringoma.

Purpose: To report evidence of many human papillomavirus types occurring in a solitary syringoma clinically appearing as a papilloma.

Methods: A 57-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of an upper eyelid tumor. Histopathology, human papillomavirus-nested polymerase chain reaction, human papillomavirus-DNA cloning into vector pCR2.

[Detection of human papillomavirus types in tumors and inflammations of the eye].

Background: Infections by the human papillomavirus occur in the skin and in the mucosa. They may play a significant role in the neoplastic transformation of cells. At least half of all the epithelial tumours of the ocular surface and the lacrimal drainage system have been shown to be HPV associated.

Argon laser therapy of benign tumors of the eyelid.

Purpose: To report the therapy of benign eyelid tumors with an argon laser as an alternative to surgery.

Methods: Forty-one patients with 47 benign tumors of the eyelid were included in this study. In all patients, the eyelid tumor was eliminated by argon laser.

[Inverted transitional cell papilloma of the conjunctiva with peripheral carcinomatous transformation].

Background: Inverted papilloma is a benign epithelial neoplasm of mucous membrane, usually arising in the nose and paranasal sinuses, much rarer of the conjunctiva. Histologically ribbons or bulbous expansions of the epithelium invaginate into the underlying connective tissue. In opposite to their sinonasal counterparts the few described papillomas of the conjunctiva til now have not shown any signs of malignant transformation or recurrence after local excision.

Glycopathological study of eyelid tumors and pseudotumors.

The expression of MUC1, Tn (GalNAc alpha 1-O-Ser/Thr) and sialosyl Tn (STn) (NeuAc alpha 2,6 GalNAc alpha 1-O-Ser/Thr) antigens, which are useful markers for the prognosis of cancer in other organs, was examined immunohistochemically in a series of 45 eyelid tumors and 5 pseudotumors: basal cell carcinoma, 18; squamous cell carcinoma, 11; sebaceous gland carcinoma, 6; seborrheic keratosis, 4; papilloma, 3; verruca vulgaris, 2; nevus, 1; and granuloma, 5. The MUC1 antigen was identified in all squamous cell and sebaceous gland carcinomas, but not in basal cell carcinoma or the benign tumors. The Tn antigen was expressed in all the sebaceous gland, half of the squamous cell, and only rarely in the basal cell carcinomas.

Sebaceous carcinoma. Tumor progression through mutational inactivation of p53.

Background: Sebaceous carcinoma may masquerade for years as an inflammatory condition. In many cases, this may be because of the presence of longstanding intraepithelial disease (e.g.

Human papilloma virus in neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions of the external eye.

Aim: Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been associated with neoplastic conditions of the conjuctiva. However, the presence of this virus has not been reported in non-neoplastic disorders of the external eye nor has it been studied in normal conjunctival tissues.

Methods: Ninety six paraffin embedded tissue specimens with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and 19 conjunctiva samples free from overt disease were studied for HPV types 16 and 18 positivity with the polymerase chain reaction.

Detection of human papillomavirus infection in squamous tumours of the conjunctiva and lacrimal sac by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation, and polymerase chain reaction.

Background: Squamous tumours of the ocular surface, including the lacrimal pathway, range from benign lesions to invasive carcinomas. Some of these tumours are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, with the types of HPV differing among papillomas and dysplastic or malignant lesions.

Methods: The relation between squamous tumours of the conjunctiva and lacrimal sac and HPV infection was investigated in 17 individuals with such tumours.