8,058 results match your criteria: "Papilledema"

Optical coherence tomography: implications for neurology.

Curr Opin Neurol

December 2024

Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery.

Purpose Of Review: This article explores the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neurology practice, particularly in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as papilledema, optic neuritis, and retinal artery occlusion. OCT has been increasingly utilized as a noninvasive and effective tool for detecting and monitoring neuroaxonal damage in the visual pathway, which is important for early intervention and improved patient outcomes across a variety of neurologic conditions.

Recent Findings: OCT as an imaging modality continues to demonstrate its utility in quantifying optic nerve and retinal changes reflecting neuroaxonal injury, including, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell layer thickness (or volume).

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Following the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), there have been post-marketing reports and published cases of papilledema and intracranial hypertension in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) taking ETI. In those reports, the patients often presented with marked symptoms and concomitant hypervitaminosis A. In this multicenter case series, we report eight cases of papilledema in children with CF taking ETI that were diagnosed via routine eye exam, the majority of whom presented with minimal to no symptoms and all had normal serum Vitamin A levels.

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Background: Stenting is a common approach for treating idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and venous sinus stenosis (VSS). However, studies comparing stenting with balloon angioplasty alone are lacking. This study sought to compare the clinical efficacy of balloon angioplasty and stenting in the treatment of IIH and VSS.

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Background: Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that can cause increased intracranial pressure (ICP) secondary to cranial hyperostosis, which decreases intracranial volume. Surgical procedures to reduce ICP in medically refractory cases include intracranial volume expansion and ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Observations: The authors present the case of a pediatric patient with CED and medically refractory increased ICP who underwent unilateral hemicraniectomy with titanium cranioplasty, resulting in a complete long-term resolution of symptoms.

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Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure, predominantly affecting young women with obesity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of semaglutide as an adjunctive therapy to standard IIH management using real-world data.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis comparing IIH patients receiving semaglutide plus standard therapy versus standard therapy alone.

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Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure, predominantly affecting obese women of reproductive age. While GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown promise in IIH management, the potential of dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor activation through tirzepatide remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate tirzepatide's efficacy as an adjunctive therapy in IIH management.

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Introduction Artificial intelligence is rapidly advancing in healthcare. Ophthalmology, with its reliance on imaging for diagnosis and management, has the potential to benefit from this technology. Deep learning models are currently used in image analysis in ophthalmology.

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Wernicke's encephalopathy, the acute phase of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, is characterised as a triad of altered mental status, ocular signs and ataxia. Our patient presented with hyperemesis gravidarum, which is a rare aetiology of Wernicke's encephalopathy. The patient did not have any oculomotor abnormalities, which are more common and classically described in Wernicke's triad.

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Optic disc changes in Chinese patients with -associated autoinflammatory disease.

Ann Med

December 2025

Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Objective: To investigate the optic disc changes (ODC) in Chinese patients with -associated autoinflammatory disease (-AID).

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with -AID at the Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2015 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results: A total of 20 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study.

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Background: Prognosis of adult tuberculous meningitis patients undergoing a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) surgery is not well known. Prognostic models developed to predict the prognosis might help the clinicians immensely.

Methods: This was a prospective study.

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Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders.

J Neuroophthalmol

December 2024

Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (JKS), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve School of Medicine (JKS, IT, TA, JR, JC), Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics (JKS, RPS, KET), Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (DCK), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education (DCK), The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute (RPS, KET, DAC), Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University (RPS, KET, DAC), Cleveland Ohio; and Cleveland Clinic Martin Hospitals (RPS), Cleveland Clinic, Stuart, FL.

Article Synopsis
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) primarily affects overweight or obese women of reproductive age, making it crucial to investigate its relationship with pregnancy.
  • A study examined the incidence of IIH development during pregnancy and its association with hypertensive disorders, finding that 7% of IIH patients experienced new onset IIH during their pregnancies.
  • IIH patients had significantly higher risks for various hypertensive disorders like eclampsia, preeclampsia, and HELLP syndrome, as well as complications like ectopic pregnancies and miscarriages, even when controlling for obesity and migraine factors.
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Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is typically characterised by non-pallid optic disc oedema and a contralateral small optic nerve head. Typically, the optic cup is absent or small with a cup-to-disc ratio of less than 0.3 termed 'disc at risk'.

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Special Considerations in the Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

December 2024

Yellow Rose Headache and Neuro-Ophthalmology, 12740 Hillcrest Road, Suite 269, Dallas, TX, 75230, USA.

Purpose Of Review: To review the management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) with co-existing conditions affecting therapy: obesity, sulfa allergy, nephrolithiasis, and pregnancy.

Recent Findings: The IIH-WT trial showed that bariatric surgery is currently the most effective method for obese patients with IIH to lose weight, leading to normalization of CSF pressure in many cases. Allergy to sulfonamide antibiotics does not preclude the use of acetazolamide; rather, penicillin allergy or multiple drug allergies are the strongest predictor of a hypersensitivity reaction.

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Intracranial hypertension as the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report.

Heliyon

October 2024

Universidad Icesi, CIRAT: Centro de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Calle 18 No. 122 -135, Cali, Colombia.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple systems and organs, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Papilledema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension, in the absence of space-occupying lesions or other detectable causes, is a rare manifestation. We report the case of a young woman with chronic headache, papilledema, and intracranial hypertension on examination, in whom a de novo diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus and class V lupus nephritis was made.

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High-altitude retinopathy and retinal hemorrhage: A case report.

Medicine (Baltimore)

November 2024

Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Article Synopsis
  • High-altitude retinopathy (HAR) is a vision-threatening condition caused by low oxygen levels at high altitudes, which may sometimes resolve on its own without symptoms.
  • A 41-year-old man experienced vision loss after rapidly ascending to high altitude, leading to diagnoses of HAR following thorough ophthalmic evaluations revealing serious eye issues.
  • Treatment included injections and medications to enhance eye health, and after 4 months, he showed improvement, emphasizing the importance of leaving high altitudes promptly to prevent long-term vision damage.
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Juvenile dermatomyositis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness, pathognomonic rashes, and often the presence of myositis-specific antibodies. Consensus treatment plans for pediatric patients with juvenile dermatomyositis recommend steroids and methotrexate as initial therapy. Patients with anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (anti-TIF-1γ) antibodies tend to have more refractory disease requiring more aggressive treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, which is typically well tolerated.

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Prognosticators of Optic Nerve Imaging in Malignant Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome.

J Neuroophthalmol

November 2024

Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (ALC, AZC, O-oA), McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas; Robert Cizik Eye Clinic (ALC, AZC, O-oA), Houston, Texas; and Texas Children's Hospital (JLM, RPP), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Article Synopsis
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Papilledema is a high-risk cause of vision changes in the Emergency Department (ED) and a critical physical examination finding because of its close association with etiologies that may progress to vision loss or death. Syphilis is a rare infectious cause of papilledema, with scarce case reports published showing its ability to develop such sequela. We present a case of a 35-year-old male with a past medical history of newly diagnosed HIV who originally presented to the ED with a rash and rapidly worsening visional changes.

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