Evaluation of pCLE in the bile duct: final results of EMID study : pCLE: impact in the management of bile duct strictures.

Introduction: Pre-operative histology of bile duct stenosis is associated with low accuracy. Probe confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables optical biopsy or in vivo histology. The definitive results of the EMID study are presented here, comparing optical biopsies with definitive histology.

Can we resect EGC with Signet ring cells in Europe?

Purpose: The proposed guideline for performing endoscopic resection of early gastric carcinoma (EGC) in Paris classification is a well-differentiated carcinoma with maximum involvement Sm1. Signet ring cell carcinomas (SRC) are excluded from this recommendation. Authors from Eastern countries have proposed extending this resection to include selected undifferentiated EGC.

Endomicroscopy in bile duct: Inflammation interferes with pCLE applied in the bile duct: A prospective study of 54 patients.

Background: The preoperative diagnosis of biliary stenosis is associated with low accuracy. As a consequence, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE), an in-vivo histological imaging technique, was applied in the bile duct. The aim of this study was to establish whether previous inflammation of the bile duct affects confocal interpretation.

Ethanol lavage of 14 mucinous cysts of the pancreas: A retrospective study in two tertiary centers.

Background: Mucinous cysts are lesions with malignant potential. Their management is stil difficult. Ethanol lavage under EUS can be used and could be a good alternative treatment.

Radiofrequency ablation associated to mucosal resection in the oesophagus: experience in a single centre.

Unlabelled: Endoscopic resection (EMR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) form part of the treatment of Barrett's oesophagus (BO), dysplasia, superficial adenocarcinoma (OAC) associated with BO.

Patients And Methods: Between June 2008 and April 2011, 34 patients underwent treatment with RFA (HALO system(®)), in a tertiary centre. For the study, patients were divided into two groups.

Prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in neutropenic cancer patients.

To date, no study has been specifically designed to identify determinants of death in neutropenic cancer patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to identify early predictive factors of 28-day mortality in these patients. Factors associated with 28-day mortality during intensive care unit (ICU) stay were also described.

Monocyte deactivation in neutropenic acute respiratory distress syndrome patients treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Introduction: In severely neutropenic septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, macrophages and monocytes are the last potentially remaining innate immune cells. We have previously shown, however, a deactivation of the alveolar macrophage in neutropenic septic ARDS patients. In the present study, we tried to characterize in vitro monocyte baseline cytokine production and responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide exposure.

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as an early prognostic factor in cancer patients developing septic shock.

Introduction: The overall prognosis of critically ill patients with cancer has improved during the past decade. The aim of this study was to identify early prognostic factors of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients with cancer.

Methods: We designed a prospective, consecutive, observational study over a one-year period.

Visceral Kaposi's sarcoma associated with human herpesvirus 8 seroconversion in a heart transplant recipient.

A close association between human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has been shown in transplant recipients, but donor-to-recipient transmission of HHV-8 is uncommon. Herein we report a case of a heart transplant recipient who had a fatal visceral KS in association with HHV-8 seroconversion at 18 months after transplantation with a donor having positive serology discovered after transplantation.

Deactivation of alveolar macrophages in septic neutropenic ARDS.

Study Objectives: Neutrophils often have been involved in the pathophysiology of ARDS. However, authentic ARDS has been described in patients with severe neutropenia, suggesting the presence of other potential mechanisms that are responsible of this syndrome. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) could be involved in the development of ARDS, and so we decided to study AM activation in neutropenic patients.