Single-cell transcriptomics reveal the prognostic roles of epithelial and T cells and DNA methylation-based prognostic models in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits a complex microenvironment with diverse cell populations influencing patient prognosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to identify prognosis-related cell types, and DNA methylation (DNAm)-based models were developed to predict outcomes based on their cellular characteristics.

Methods: We integrated scRNA-seq, bulk data, and clinical information to identify key cell populations associated with prognosis.

Topical application of Glauber's salt accelerates the absorption of abdominal fluid after pancreatectomy.

Background: Abdominal fluid collection (AFC) is one of the most common complications after pancreatic surgery, yet there are few recommendations on how to manage it. Most cases of AFC only require observation, while others may require more invasive techniques. Unfortunately, there are no drugs that effectively promote the absorption of AFCs.

Influence of an enhanced recovery programme on clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life after pancreaticoduodenectomy ad modum Whipple - an explorative and comparative single-centre study.

Background: The introduction of enhanced recovery programmes (ERP) in pancreatic surgery has significantly improved clinical outcomes by decreasing the length of hospital stay, cost and complications without increasing readmissions and reoperations. To complement evidence on these outcomes, there is a need to explore patients' perspectives of a structured ERP. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients before and after implementing ERP in pancreaticoduodenectomy ad modum Whipple (PD) at a regional surgical centre.

Trends and impact of endoscopic ultrasound utilization for suspected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

Background: Multiple management guidelines for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have been published to improve risk stratification and resource utilization. This study aims to evaluate trends in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) use and agreement between cross-sectional imaging and EUS for specific pancreas cystic lesion (PCL) features.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing EUS for suspected IPMN detected with cross-sectional imaging (CT/MRCP) between 2013 and 2015 (Cohort 1) and 2018-2020 (Cohort 2).

Outcome of Patients With Central Nervous System Multiple Myeloma (CNS-MM) Treated With CNS-Directed Radiation Therapy.

Background: The prognosis of multiple myeloma involving the central nervous system (CNS-MM) is poor. We report outcomes of CNS-MM treated with CNS-directed radiation therapy (RT).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with CNS-MM treated with CNS-directed RT from 2015 to 2024.

Tumor-derived exosomes: unravelling the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer with liver metastases and exploring the potential for clinical translation.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant solid cancers, and PC metastasis, particularly liver metastasis, is a major cause of cancer mortality. A key event in tumor metastasis is the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which provides a microenvironment conducive to tumor cells colonization and progression. Various molecules loaded in tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) contribute to PMN formation and distant tumor metastasis, by regulating immune and stromal cell function, inducing angiogenesis, and promoting metabolic reprogramming.

Safety and efficacy of GLP-1/FGF21 dual agonist HEC88473 in MASLD and T2DM: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background And Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. In the present study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of a novel GLP-1/FGF21 dual agonist HEC88473 for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase 1b/2a trial.

The concept of immunothrombosis in pancreas transplantation.

Early failure of a pancreatic allograft due to complete thrombosis has an incidence of approximately 10% and is the main cause of comorbidity in pancreas transplantation. Although several risk factors have been identified, the exact mechanisms leading to this serious complication are still unclear. In this review, we define the roles of the individual components involved during sterile immunothrombosis-namely endothelial cells, platelets, and innate immune cells.

Disease burden of cancers attributable to high fasting plasma glucose from 1990 to 2021 and projections until 2031 in China.

Background: High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) has been indicated as one of the important risk factors for cancers. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of cancers attributable to HFPG in China from 1990 to 2021 and predict the burden until 2031.

Methods: The data of cancers attributable to HFPG were extracted from Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 project.

Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary approach to cancer gene editing.

Several molecular strategies based on targeted gene delivery systems have been developed in recent years; however, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduced a new era of targeted gene editing, precisely modifying oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other regulatory genes involved in carcinogenesis. However, efficiently and safely delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cancer cells across the cell membrane and the nucleus is still challenging. Using viral vectors and nanoparticles presents issues of immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low targeting affinity.

LASP1 inhibits the formation of NETs and alleviates acute pancreatitis by stabilizing F-actin polymerization in neutrophils.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a significant role in the development of acute pancreatitis (AP). The actin-binding protein LASP1 regulates proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, yet its precise involvement in NETs and AP remains to be elucidated.

Methods: To investigate the role of LASP1 in NETs and AP, several bioinformatics methods, such as weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, were utilized to screen for feature genes based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset.

Hydroxychloroquine as a Promising Therapy for Systemic IgG4-Related Disease: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory disease potentially affecting every part of the human body. Because of variability in clinical presentation, IgG4-RD can be challenging to diagnose. Untreated disease can lead to irreversible organ damage such as fibrosis.

Baihu Jia Renshen Decoction may improve skeletal muscle and adipose tissue functions of type I diabetic rats by affecting pancreatic β-cell function.

Background: Baihu Jia Renshen Decoction (BJRD) is used for diabetes mellitus (DM) management in clinics.

Objective: To elucidate the potential mechanism of BJRD in treating type 1 DM (T1DM).

Methods: T1DM models were established via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Predicting Transarterial Chemoembolization Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Major society guidelines recommend transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as the standard of care for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, predicting treatment response remains challenging.

Aims: As artificial intelligence (AI) may predict therapeutic responses, this systematic review aims to assess the performance and effectiveness of radiomics and AI-based models in predicting TACE outcomes in patients with HCC.

Construction and validation of immunogenic cell death-related molecular clusters, signature, and immune landscape in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract that is characterized by a poor prognosis. This study investigates the roles of immunogenic cell death (ICD) genes in the prognosis and progression of PC. Expression data for PC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, while ICD genes were sourced from published literature.

Update on Autoimmune Pancreatitis and IgG4-Related Disease.

Autoimmune pancreatitis is an increasingly recognized inflammatory type of subacute pancreatitis; two subtypes of autoimmune pancreatitis have been identified so far: the "lymphoplasmacytic" type 1 variant and the "neutrophilic" type 2 variant. Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis represents the most common manifestation of IgG4-related disease, a fibro-inflammatory disorder characterized by elevated IgG4 levels in the serum and affected tissues. Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis is a pancreas-specific disorder that frequently occurs in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Expectations and Outcomes From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists As Adjunct Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes - Case Presentations.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to lifelong insulin dependence. Despite advancements in insulin therapies and glucose monitoring, maintaining optimal blood glucose control remains challenging with common issues like weight gain and glucose variability. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity, are being explored off-label for T1D.

What is the role of parenteral nutrition in the management of the patient with severe acute pancreatitis?

Severe acute pancreatitis often presents as a complex critical illness associated with a high rate of infectious morbidity, multiple organ failure, and in-hospital mortality. Breakdown of gut barrier defenses, dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, and exaggerated immune responses dictate that early enteral nutrition (EN) is preferred over parenteral nutrition (PN) as the primary route of nutrition therapy. EN, however, is not feasible in all cases because of intolerance, risk of complications, or a direct contraindication to enteral feeding.

Anti-wrinkle activity of the ethanol extract of Aronia melanocarpa for development of the cosmeceutical ingredients.

Despite the abundance of natural biological resources in Aronia melanocarpa, there is still insufficient research specifically exploring the potential for developing cosmeceutical compositions utilizing this plant. To develop the ingredient with the cosmeceutical function, the anti-wrinkle effect of the ethanol extract of A. melanocarpa was investigated.

Timely Application of Plasma Exchange to Correct Acute Pancreatitis Related to Serum Triglyceride Levels: A Report of 6 Cases and a Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is associated with circulating free fatty acids that can cause acute pancreatitis. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a rapid and effective method of reducing triglyceride levels. This case series presents 6 cases of acute pancreatitis associated with hypertriglyceridemia with a rapid response to therapeutic plasma exchange.

Investigational Use of Real-World Data as a Hybrid Control in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma from the Randomized Phase Ib/II MORPHEUS Trial.

Enrolling adequate numbers of patients into the control arm of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) often presents barriers. There is interest in leveraging real-world data (RWD) from electronic health records (EHRs) to construct external control (EC) arms to supplement RCT control arms and form hybrid control (HC) arms. This investigation showed the use of an HC arm in second-line metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

NPC1 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by mediating the accumulation of neutrophils into the tumor microenvironment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a significant threat to human health. Recent studies have found that the intake of cellular cholesterol contributes to the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Our analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic databases has identified increased mRNA and protein expression levels of NPC1, a cholesterol intracellular transporter protein, in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues.

Goal-oriented preoperative biliary drainage is more precise and conducive to seize the opportunity for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) for selected patients with severe juandice has been shown to improve clinical conditions for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and reduce the risk of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH). However, the determination of an optimal end-point for PBD remains unclear. The aim of this research is to introduce the concept of goal-oriented biliary drainage, which may serve as a reasonable target and identify the optimal surgery time window.