Advances in Vaccines: Current Development and Future Prospects.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites of the genus . As approved human vaccines are not available, treatment and prevention rely heavily on toxic chemotherapeutic agents, which face increasing resistance problems. The development of effective vaccines against human leishmaniasis is of utmost importance for the control of the disease.

Brain Evaluation by Dual PET/CT with [F] FDOPA and [F] FDG in Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonian Syndromes.

Parkinsonian syndromes are considered clinicopathological conditions that are challenging to diagnose. Molecular imaging with [18F]-FDOPA and [18F]-FDG contributes to a more accurate clinical diagnosis by evaluating presynaptic dopaminergic pathways and glucose metabolism, respectively. The aim of this study was to correlate diagnoses made from dual PET/CT with the initial clinical diagnoses, as well as during follow-ups in patients with Parkinsonian syndromes.

Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's Disease in Italian Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis with a systematic review was undertaken to assess the association between allelic genotypes and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Italian population. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched until 15 November 2023. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed and random effect models, depending on the I statistic value.

Insights into Blue Whale ( L.) Population Movements in the Galapagos Archipelago and Southeast Pacific.

The Galapagos Marine Reserve is vital for cetaceans, serving as both a stopover and residency site. However, blue whales, occasionally sighted here, exhibit poorly understood migratory behavior within the Galapagos and the broader Eastern Tropical Pacific. This study, the first to satellite tag blue whales in the Galapagos (16 tagged between 2021 and 2023), explored their behavior in relation to environmental variables like chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), and productivity.

Fort Sherman Virus Infection in Human, Peru, 2020.

Fort Sherman virus (FSV) was isolated in Panama in 1985 from a US soldier. We report a case of human FSV infection in a febrile patient from northern coastal Peru in 2020. FSV infections spanning ≈35 years and a distance of 2,000 km warrant diagnostics, genomic surveillance, and investigation of transmission cycles.

Sensory-motor tuning allows generic features of conspecific acoustic scenes to guide rapid, adaptive, call-timing responses in túngara frogs.

Male frogs court females from within crowded choruses, selecting for mechanisms allowing them to call at favourable times relative to the calls of rivals and background chorus noise. To accomplish this, males must continuously evaluate the fluctuating acoustic scene generated by their competitors for opportune times to call. Túngara frogs produce highly frequency- and amplitude-modulated calls from within dense choruses.

Effects of urbanization on cloud-to-ground lightning strike frequency: a global perspective.

Urbanization tends to increase local lightning frequency (i.e. the 'lightning enhancement' effect).

Enhancement of clinical signs in C3H/HeJ mice vaccinated with a highly immunogenic Leptospira methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein following challenge.

Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis and a life-threatening disease in humans and animals. Licensed killed whole-cell vaccines are available for animals; however, they do not offer heterologous protection, do not induce long-term protection, or prevent renal colonization. In this study, we characterized an immunogenic Leptospira methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) identified through a reverse vaccinology approach, predicted its structure, and tested the protective efficacy of a recombinant MCP fragment in the C3H/HeJ mice model.

(Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae): A review of association with bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) and the first record in the Neotropical bat, (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Colombia.

Some species within the family Plasmodiidae (Haemosporida) have been extensively studied due to their implications for human health. However, for other haemosporidians that infect wild animals the knowledge is limited. Species within the genus have thus far been documented exclusively as hemoparasites of bats.

A methodological framework for estimating ambient PM particulate matter concentrations in the UK.

Scientific evidence sustains PM particles' inhalation may generate harmful impacts on human beings' health; therefore, their monitoring in ambient air is of paramount relevance in terms of public health. Due to the limited number of fixed stations within the air quality monitoring networks, development of methodological frameworks to model ambient air PM particles is primordial to providing additional information on PM exposure and its trends. In this sense, this work aims to offer a global easily-applicable tool to estimate ambient air PM as a function of meteorological conditions using a multivariate analysis.

Post pregnancy family planning in Latin America and the Caribbean analysis and strengths in training on immediate contraception post obstetric event by CLAP/PAHO.

Virtual courses developed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) on family planning and immediate contraception post obstetric event (ICPOE) were launched in 2021 as training actions on ICPOE in the region. A total of 89,899 people enrolled in these courses; 36,494 (40.7%) of them enrolled in the course on ICPOE, and almost 60% of participants from Latin America passed the course.

Outbreak-associated Baildon found in wastewater demonstrates how sewage monitoring can supplement traditional disease surveillance.

Non-typhoidal is a common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, but current non-typhoidal surveillance is suboptimal. Here, we evaluated the utility of wastewater monitoring to enhance traditional surveillance for this foodborne pathogen. In June 2022, we tested raw sewage collected twice a week from two treatment plants in central Pennsylvania for non-typhoidal and characterized isolates using whole-genome sequencing.

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: global health considerations.

The differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis can present specific challenges in patients from Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, eastern Europe, southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. In these areas, environmental factors, genetic background, and access to medical care can differ substantially from those in North America and western Europe, where multiple sclerosis is most common. Furthermore, multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria have been developed primarily using data from North America and western Europe.

Surveillance and Alert-based Multiparameter Monitoring to Reduce Worsening Heart Failure Events: Results From SCALE-HF 1.

Background: There is a need for better noninvasive remote monitoring solutions that prevent hospitalizations through the early prediction and management of heart failure (HF). SurveillanCe and Alert-Based Multiparameter Monitoring to ReducE Worsening Heart Failure Events (SCALE-HF 1) evaluated the performance of a novel congestion index that alerts to fluid accumulation preceding HF events.

Methods And Results: SCALE-HF 1 was a multicenter, prospective, observational study investigating HF event prediction using data from the cardiac scale.