Capillary connections between sensory circumventricular organs and adjacent parenchyma enable local volume transmission.

Among contributors to diffusible signaling are portal systems which join two capillary beds through connecting veins. Portal systems allow diffusible signals to be transported in high concentrations directly from one capillary bed to the other without dilution in the systemic circulation. Two portal systems have been identified in the brain.

Eugene Hertoghe (1860-1928): Pioneer in endocrinology and the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Eugène Hertoghe (1860-1928), a Belgian internist and former vice-president of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium, made significant contributions to the understanding and treatment of chronic hypothyroidism. He provided a detailed clinical description of the condition, emphasizing its multisystemic manifestations and hereditary aspects. Hertoghe also documented the therapeutic use of thyroid extract, reporting its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Platelets as crucial players in the dynamic interplay of inflammation, immunity, and cancer: unveiling new strategies for cancer prevention.

Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases by promoting the acquisition of new functional traits by different cell types. Shared risk factors between cardiovascular disease and cancer, including smoking, obesity, diabetes, high-fat diet, low physical activity, and alcohol consumption, contribute to inflammation linked to platelet activation. Platelets contribute to an inflammatory state by activating various normal cells, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular cells.

Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review.

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, highly aggressive, and has a very poor prognosis, with an overall survival typically not exceeding one year. Standard treatment is generally based on the regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with guidelines recommending etoposide combined with cisplatin (EP regimen) as the first-line treatment. However, their therapeutic effects are limited.

The size of local recurrence influences outcomes in chondrosarcoma: Significant impact observed in grade 2 tumours.

Background: Chondrosarcoma is the second most common bone malignancy. Chondrosarcoma is considered a surgical disease, and the role of surgical margin is important since local recurrence is known to decrease survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the timing of local recurrence and the size of local recurrence in post local recurrence survival in chondrosarcoma.

Insights Into Submissions and Medical Journal Publications in Korea.

We analyzed the publication and submission statuses of Korean medical journals from 2010 to 2024, amidst challenges impacting researchers. Data from 58 domestic journals identified through the 2023 JCR database were used to assess publication status, while data from the () were utilized to examine submission status. The proportion of published original articles by domestic authors decreased by 3% in 2024 compared to 2023.

Needs Assessment for Public Health Competency in Infection Prevention and Control: Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA) of Infectious Disease Response Practitioners.

Background: The Field Epidemiology Training Program Frontline, initiated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency in 2019, aims to enhance the competencies of infectious disease practitioners across 17 regions in South Korea. With the September 2024 amendment to the Infectious Disease Prevention Act mandating infectious disease prevention and crisis response training for government employees who are associated with infectious diseases responses, there is an urgent need to assess and optimize the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of such competency-based education programs amidst constraints of budget and manpower.

Methods: This study examined the educational needs and priorities of public health competencies among infectious disease practitioners.

Artemisinin-Quinidine Combination for Suppressing Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia in an Ex Vivo Model of Brugada Syndrome.

Background: The ionic mechanism underlying Brugada syndrome (BrS) arises from an imbalance in transient outward current flow between the epicardium and endocardium. Previous studies report that artemisinin, originally derived from a Chinese herb for antimalarial use, inhibits the Ito current in canines. In a prior study, we showed the antiarrhythmic effects of artemisinin in BrS wedge preparation models.

Real-World Status in the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in People Living with HIV in Korea.

This retrospective study analyzed medical records of 1,392 people living with HIV (PLWH) diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) at two provincial central hospitals from 2011 to 2022. LTBI was diagnosed in 152 patients (10.9%) patients aged ≥18 years.

Aging with HIV: The Burden of Comorbidities, Polypharmacy, and Drug Interactions in Korean People Living with HIV Aged ≥50 Years.

Background: The life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has significantly improved with advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, aging PLWH face a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), polypharmacy, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which pose challenges in their management. This study investigates the prevalence of NCDs, polypharmacy, and DDIs among PLWH aged ≥50 years in Korea and their impact on quality of life (QOL).

Association between metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and gallstones in the US population using propensity score matching.

The novel diagnostic term Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) requires at least one cardiovascular risk factor for diagnosis. While the relationship between gallstones and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has been debated, the association between MASLD and gallstones remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore this relationship using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2017 to 2020.

Fully automated segmentation of brain and scalp blood vessels on multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging using multi-view cascaded networks.

Background And Objective: Neurosurgical navigation is a critical element of brain surgery, and accurate segmentation of brain and scalp blood vessels is crucial for surgical planning and treatment. However, conventional methods for segmenting blood vessels based on statistical or thresholding techniques have limitations. In recent years, deep learning-based methods have emerged as a promising solution for blood vessel segmentation, but the segmentation of small blood vessels and scalp blood vessels remains challenging.

Characterizing progenitor cells in developing and injured spinal cord: Insights from single-nucleus transcriptomics and lineage tracing.

Various mature tissue-resident cells exhibit progenitor characteristics following injury. However, the existence of endogenous stem cells with multiple lineage potentials in the adult spinal cord remains a compelling area of research. In this study, we present a cross-species investigation that extends from development to injury.

Rapidly self-crosslinking sodium alginate hydrogel for infected wounds.

The risks associated with wound infections are significant, making a snug-fitting hydrogel dressing an optimal choice for wound management. For it, we employed the self-cross-linking method of oxidized sodium alginate (SCSA), incorporating clarithromycin (Cla) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to formulate a rapidly forming, bacteriostatic, and wound-healing hydrogel (SCSA@C/b). Bacteriostatic and cytocompatibility assays demonstrated that SCSA@C/b exhibits exceptional antibacterial activity alongside strong biocompatibility.

Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data, Biological Activity, and Synthesis of the Okaramine Family Compounds.

The okaramine family of compounds, a class of alkaloids with broad-spectrum insecticidal activity, has been discovered from species of and . These okaramines, characterized by their complex structures and diverse biological activities, have attracted widespread attention from biologists and chemists. To date, only a few okaramines have been synthesized, notably the highly active okaramines A and B, which feature a polycyclic skeleton, including an azocine ring and an unprecedented 2-dimethyl-3-methyl-azetidine ring.

High prevalence and plasmidome diversity of -positive enterococci in a Shenzhen community, China.

Background: The emergence of , which can confer resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones in spp., poses a growing public health threat.

Methods: 102 -positive enterococci (OPEs) including various species were isolated from feces of 719 healthy volunteers in a Shenzhen community, China.

Corrigendum: Characterization of expression in mouse cochlear hair cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.

Anti-allodynic effect of intrathecal antibodies against macrophage-inducible C-type lectin in spinal nerve ligation model in rat.

Introduction: Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) has emerged as a potential contributor to neuropathic pain induction and neuroinflammatory responses within the spinal cord. Moreover, evidence suggests a close association between toll-like receptor (TLR) and Mincle expression in myeloid cells. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Mincle antibodies in neuropathic pain and identified the epitope of these antibodies.

Context familiarity is a third kind of episodic memory distinct from item familiarity and recollection.

Episodic memory is accounted for with two processes: "familiarity" when generally recognizing an item and "recollection" when retrieving the full contextual details bound with the item. We tested a combination of item recognition confidence and source memory, focusing upon three conditions: "item-only hits with source unknown" ('item familiarity'), "low-confidence hits with correct source memory" ('context familiarity'), and "high-confidence hits with correct source memory" ('recollection'). Behaviorally, context familiarity was slower than the others during item recognition, but faster during source memory.

. Validation of Guidance for Writing Higher-Order Multiple-Choice Questions in Medical Science Education.

Unlabelled: Problem-solving and higher-order learning are goals of higher education. It has been repeatedly suggested that multiple-choice questions (MCQs) can be used to test higher-order learning, although objective empirical evidence is lacking and MCQs are often criticised for assessing only lower-order, factual, or 'rote' learning. These challenges are compounded by a lack of agreement on what constitutes higher order learning: it is normally defined subjectively using heavily criticised frameworks such as such as Bloom's taxonomy.

Effect of the Interaction Between Depression and Sleep Disorders on Stroke Occurrence: A 17-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Korea.

Objective: Previous studies have provided inconclusive results on the association between depression and stroke risk, and the potential modifying effect of comorbid insomnia on this association remains unclear. Our study aimed to clarify the independent roles of depression and insomnia as risk factors for stroke and to investigate the possibility of an interaction effect between these two conditions on stroke incidence.

Methods: We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

A Slimming/Excavating Strategy for Enhanced Intratumoral Penetration of Acid-Disassemblable NO-Releasing Nanomedicines.

Poor tumor penetration is the major predicament of nanomedicines that limits their anticancer efficacy. The dense extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor is one of the major barriers against the deep penetration of nanomedicines. In this work, a slimming/excavating strategy is proposed for enhanced intratumoral penetration based on an acid-disassemblable nanomicelles-assembled nanomedicine and the NO-mediated degradation of ECM.

Boanmycin overcomes bortezomib resistance by inducing DNA damage and endoplasmic reticulum functional impairment in multiple myeloma.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells and is currently incurable. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, resistance to proteasome inhibitors, particularly bortezomib (BTZ), poses a substantial challenge to disease management. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of boanmycin, a novel antitumor antibiotic, in overcoming resistance to BTZ in MM.

Study Protocol of the Korean EGFR Registry: A Multicenter Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Study in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients With EGFR Mutation.

Introduction: The provision of treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has increased in Korea. However, multicenter studies on the clinicopathologic dataset and treatment outcomes, using a large-scale dataset, have not been conducted. The current study is a prospective and retrospective multicenter observational cohort study that registers all stages of EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.