Dysregulated renal tubular handling of filtered glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A descriptive study.

Objective: To determine the frequency of suspected dysregulated renal tubular handling of filtered glucose, and its association with blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the Department of Medicine along with the Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised diabetics aged 19-80 years. Blood and urinary glucose were assessed at the point of contact.

Exploration of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in gastric cancer patients through next generation sequencing: implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Objectives: The study aims to characterize BRCA1/2 mutations in Pakistani gastric cancer (GC) patients, identifying unique pathogenic variants and evaluating their potential as diagnostic biomarkers, while also exploring therapeutic avenues for personalized treatment strategies.

Methodology: In this study, we investigated the role of Breast Cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and Breast Cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) mutations in Pakistani GC patients and their functional implications using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).

Results: Through NGS, we identified a total of 19 mutations in BRCA1 and 11 mutations in BRCA2, all with high mutation quality scores.

Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates diabetes-induced biochemical impairments and AGEs macromolecules in a pre-clinical model of diabetic nephropathy.

Purpose: Cinnamaldehyde, has various therapeutic potentials including glucose-lowering effect, and insulinotropic effect; however, its glycation inhibitory mechanism is not known yet. In this study, we explored the effects of cinnamaldehyde for its AGEs inhibitory mechanism in a streptozotocin-complete Freund's adjuvant (STZ-CFA) induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model.

Methods: Pre-clinical DN model was developed by the administration of multiple low doses of STZ-CFA in rats, mainly characterized by abnormal blood parameters and nephrotic damages.

Antioxidant and renal protective effects of Nano-selenium on adenine-induced acute renal failure in canines.

Acute renal failure is a common clinical disease in canines, affecting antioxidant levels and decreasing the body's resistance. This study aims to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Nano-selenium in acute renal failure. The histopathological and imaging changes of kidney tissue were observed with the gene and protein expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in the kidney.

Impact of MTHFD2 Expression in Bladder/Breast Cancer and Screening of Its Potential Inhibitor.

Genes of folate-mediated 1 carbon metabolism are found to be highly upregulated in tumor cells and promote cancer cell proliferation. The current study aimed to determine the expression of the MTHFD2 gene in bladder and breast cancers. Furthermore, the determination of potential ligand-based inhibitors against MTHFD2 was performed in comparison with those of chemotherapeutic drugs and natural plant-based compounds.

Continuation versus discontinuation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors before non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A large number of patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries are on long-term use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The current guidelines regarding the continuation or discontinuation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAAS) inhibitors before noncardiac surgery are conflicting. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether continuing or withholding RAAS inhibitors before noncardiac surgery influences perioperative mortality and complications.

Systemic therapy for non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas: A systematic review.

Objective: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer, with clear cell RCC being the predominant subtype. However, non-clear cell RCC constitutes a significant proportion of cases, presenting distinct challenges in treatment due to its varied histological subtypes. Despite recent advancements, the optimal therapeutic approach for non-clear cell RCC remains uncertain due to limited high-quality evidence.

EX vivo liver resection and auto transplantation for a giant hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: The curative options for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinomas involving the vessels are very limited. Ex vivo liver resection and auto transplantation (ERAT) is a novel surgical method, which has been used in the management of such complex liver space occupying lesions, which are rendered conventionally unresectable. This technique involves a complete hepatectomy, extracorporeal hepatic resection on the backbench, and then reimplantation of the remnant hepatic parenchyma.

Unilateral adrenal metastases as an unusual primary presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Adrenal metastases can rarely present as a solitary clinical manifestation among cases with underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Case Presentation: The authors present the case of a 53-year-old male with chronic liver disease due to chronic hepatitis C who presented with left flank pain. Imaging revealed a left-sided suprarenal mass.

The future of hypertension pharmacotherapy: Ongoing and future clinical trials for hypertension.

Hypertension is among the most prevalent diagnoses across the world and increases the risk of many serious health problems, such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Pharmacological approaches to treat hypertension are often required and reduce blood pressure through mechanisms such as vasodilation, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, and increased urine output to reduce blood volume, among other mechanisms. Further research is ongoing to find novel pathways and mechanisms to treat hypertension, which we summarize in this review.

Bacillus licheniformis as a protective agent in broiler chicken concurrently exposed to mycotoxins and necrotic enteritis: Toxicopathological and hematobiochemical perspectives.

Mycotoxins negatively impact intestinal cell viability, leading to the depletion of beneficial bacteria and rendering birds susceptible to intestinal infections such as necrotic enteritis (NE). Furthermore, they impair the effective digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on broiler birds exposed to mycotoxins and subsequent necrotic enteritis infection.

A Growing Public Health Problem in Europe with Potential Severe Renal Involvement.

Dengue is an arboviral infection transmitted by the mosquito of the Aedes genus, widespread especially in tropical and subtropical regions but now with worldwide involvement. Cases of contagion are also progressively increasing in Europe, and the differential diagnosis with other infections is not always easy. Renal involvement with acute renal failure is possible and caused by the direct action of the virus, hemodynamic instability, rhabdomyolysis, or acute glomerular damage.

Host-derived alleviates hyperuricemia by improving gut microbial community and hydrolase-mediated degradation of purine nucleosides.

The gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout. However, it remains unclear whether probiotics residing in the host gut, such as , can prevent HUA development. Herein, we isolated SQ001 from the cecum of HUA geese and conducted in vitro assays on uric acid (UA) and nucleoside co-culture.

Impact of COVID-19 on nephropathy in diabetes mellitus type-II patients: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recent reports have revealed that nephropathy leading to kidney injury (KI) is a prevalent complication of COVID-19 and is linked to high mortality and morbidity in diabetes mellitus type II (DM-T-II) patients. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to critically analyze existing studies and evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on nephropathy and kidney injury in diabetes mellitus type II (DM-T-II) patients.

Method: A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and Cochrane databases for relevant studies published between March 2020 and July 2023.

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) enrichment and detection methods in cereals: Unlocking sustainable health benefits.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid primarily biosynthesized in cereals, is vital to the human neurological system. As the primary neurotransmitter, it promotes relaxation, inhibits depression and sleeplessness, and regulates synaptic transmission and neuronal development. GABA also protects the liver, kidneys, and intestines, reduces blood pressure, and fights cancer and inflammation.

Renal jejunal fistula with worm infestation: A rare case report from a pediatric patient.

Introduction And Importance: This case report details a rare instance of a renal jejunal fistula accompanied by tuberculosis (TB) and parasitic infestation in a pediatric patient. It adds to the limited literature on renal fistulas involving the jejunum, particularly those compounded by infectious diseases, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in managing such complex cases.

Case Presentation: The patient initially presented with flank pain, a discharging sinus in the left flank region, cough, and general malaise, alongside symptoms of anemia.

Single-incision versus conventional multi-incision laparoscopic appendicectomy for suspected uncomplicated appendicitis.

Background: Appendicectomy is a well-established surgical procedure to manage acute appendicitis. The operation was historically performed as an open procedure and is currently performed using minimally invasive surgical techniques. A recent development in appendicectomy technique is the introduction of single-incision laparoscopic surgery.

Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract in Patients with Hirschsprung Disease.

Objective: To determine the frequency and types of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in patients with Hirschsprung disease.

Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan, from June to December 2022.

Exploring In Vitro Antibiofilm Potential and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Gold Nanoparticles.

In this study, biogenically synthesized AuNPs were first characterized via UV visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and FTIR followed by toxicity evaluation using mice model. UV-visible spectroscopy of biogenic AuNPs showed peaks at 540-549 nm, while FTIR spectrum showed various functional groups involving O-H, Amide I, Amide II, O-H, C-H groups, and so on. SEM showed the size variation from 30 to 60 nm.