Comparison of corneal endothelial cell morphology in type-2 diabetes and nondiabetics.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the values of hexagonality of endothelial cells among type-2 diabetics and nondiabetics. It also aimed at finding the correlation of the hexagonality of endothelial cells with the duration of diabetes, random blood sugar level, and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type-2 diabetics.

Materials And Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted for 8 months from January to August 2022.

Prevalence of dry eye disease among IT students in Pakistan.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common tear film disorder caused by decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation. The increased use of computers in the workplace has brought about the development of ocular health concerns, including dry eye disease. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of DED associated with computer work and recommend preventing or reducing its development.

Comparison of contrast sensitivity among strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes and its association with disease-related parameters.

Purpose: To evaluate and contrast the contrast sensitivity defects present in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes. And to find out the association of contrast deterioration with the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye, the magnitude of strabismus, and the amount of anisometropia in both groups.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the orthoptics unit of a tertiary eye care facility between October 2021 and December 2021.

Rule Similarity and Axis Symmetry Patterns in Young Patients with Bilateral Astigmatism.

Objective: To report rule similarity and axis symmetry patterns in young subjects with bilateral astigmatism.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from October 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019, and comprised diagnosed cases of bilateral astigmatism of either gender aged 15-45 years. After giving detailed ophthalmic history, all the participants underwent autorefraction followed by subjective refraction.

SLC4A11 mutations causative of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) progressing to Harboyan syndrome in consanguineous Pakistani families.

Background: Autosomal recessive corneal hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is a rare congenital disorder of cornea. Mutations in SLC4A11 gene are associated with CHED phenotype. CHED is also an early feature of Harboyan syndrome.

Topical Ocular Anesthetic Use among Welders of Rawalpindi City, Pakistan.

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done from January to June 2018 in welding shops of Rawalpindi city, Pakistan. The objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of topical ocular anesthetic use among welders and to assess the knowledge and practices of welders regarding safety measures. One hundred and fifty-eight welders from age group of 20 years and above, having welding work experience of more than one year, were included in the study.

Is Pterygium Morphology Related to Loss of Corneal Endothelial Cells? A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To determine the difference in mean corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) between the healthy and diseased eyes of the patients with unilateral pterygium with different morphology patterns by using a non-contact specular microscope (SP2000: Topcon Corporation, Japan) and to find out any relationship between severity of pterygium and daily sunlight exposure with the CECD loss.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional prospective study was carried out at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital (ASTEH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from 21st January 2019 to 22nd January 2020. Two hundred eyes (n= 100 patients) of age range18 -68 years with unilateral pterygium were selected.

The protective variant rs7173049 at LOXL1 locus impacts on retinoic acid signaling pathway in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1) has been identified as the major effect locus in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a fibrotic disorder of the extracellular matrix and frequent cause of chronic open-angle glaucoma. However, all known PEX-associated common variants show allele effect reversal in populations of different ancestry, casting doubt on their biological significance. Based on extensive LOXL1 deep sequencing, we report here the identification of a common non-coding sequence variant, rs7173049A>G, located downstream of LOXL1, consistently associated with a decrease in PEX risk (odds ratio, OR = 0.

Co-morbid depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted to determine the frequency of depression and association with factors in type 2 diabetics in diabetic clinic of Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from 1st January - 30th June 2014. In all 110 diabetic patients were selected using convenient Sampling. Data was collected by using a pre- tested structured proforma.

Huge Gastric and Ileal Trichobezoars Causing Small Bowel Obstruction.

The bezoar is the accumulation of undigestible food or fibre in the digestive tract, most commonly in stomach and proximal small bowel. Trichobezoar is an accumulation of hair. They may present as an independent mass in small bowel or with or without an extension into the small bowel.

Status of cold chain in routine immunisation centres of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation in Quetta, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the status of cold chain and knowledge and practices of health workers about cold chain maintenance in routine immunisation health centres.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Quetta, Pakistan, from May to July 2012, and comprised health facilities in the district. We interviewed the staff responsible for vaccine storage and cold chain maintenance and used a checklist to assess cold chain maintenance of routine expanded programme on immunisation vaccines.

Comparison of pre-operative central corneal thickness in pediatric cataract cases versus normal.

Objective: To compare the pre-operative central corneal thickness (CCT) in paediatric cataract patients with reference to normal control group.

Study Design: A case control study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Paediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital (ASTEH), Rawalpindi, from November 2009 to May 2010.

Risk factors for bloodborne viral hepatitis in healthcare workers of Pakistan: a population based case-control study.

Objectives: A high prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C was found among healthcare workers during a province-wide screening in Sindh Province, Pakistan. A follow-up study was undertaken to identify risk factors for this high prevalence in healthcare workers.

Design: Population based case-control design.

Ocular digital massage for the management of post- trabeculectomy underfiltering blebs.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ocular digital massage (ODM) in the management of underfiltering blebs after trabeculectomy.

Study Design: Quasi experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Glaucoma Clinic of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2007 to November 2008.