171 results match your criteria: "Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology[Affiliation]"

Fused Aromatic Network Structures as a Platform for Efficient Electrocatalysis.

Adv Mater

May 2019

School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.

Fused aromatic network (FAN) structures are a category of ordered porous polymers that permit the specific fusion of building blocks into extended porous network structures with designed skeletons and pores. One significant feature of FANs is that their structures can be tailorable with fused aromatic rings without rotatable single-bond connectivity. As a result, the geometry and space orientation of the building blocks are easily incorporated to guide the topological expansion of the architectural periodicity.

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Thinning CIGSe absorber layer to less than 500 nm is desirable for reducing the cost per unit watt of photovoltaic-generated electricity, and also, the semitransparent solar cell based on such a thin absorber can be used in bifacial and superstrate configurations if the back electrode is transparent. In this study, a WO layer is inserted between Cu(In,Ga)Se (CIGSe) absorber and tin-doped indium oxide back-contact to enhance the hole collection at the back electrode. A WO interlayer with a thickness of 6 nm is found to be optimum because it causes a ∼38% relative increase in the fill factor of a ∼450 nm thick CIGSe-based device compared to the reference device without a WO interlayer.

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Tc-ciprofloxacin scintigraphy is useful in the detection of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections and also for differentiating the infection from aseptic inflammation. However, due to growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the Tc-ciprofloxacin no longer can be effective in broad-spectrum infection imaging as it is gradually losing specificity. In this study, we are presenting our findings regarding the in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of Tc-ciprofloxacin for multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains which were isolated from clinical samples.

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Vertical mixing with return irrigation water the cause of arsenic enrichment in groundwater of district Larkana Sindh, Pakistan.

Environ Pollut

February 2019

Hydro Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address:

Stable isotopes ratios (‰) of Hydrogen (δH) and Oxygen (δ⁸O) were used to trace the groundwater recharge mechanism and geochemistry of arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater from four selected sites (Larkana, Naudero, Ghari Khuda Buksh and Dokri) of Larkana district. The stable isotope values of δH and δ⁸O range from 70.78‰ to -56.

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Roxithromycin is a second-generation macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. In the current study, roxithromycin (ROX) was successfully labeled with technetium-99m for early diagnosis of bacterial infection and discrimination between septic and aseptic inflammation. The highest radiochemical purity of ≥95% was achieved by investigating different labeling parameters such as pH, ligand/reducing agent concentration, temperature, and amount of stabilizing agent.

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Objectives: Dactinomycin is a well-known antitumor-antibiotic drug isolated from soil bacterium Streptomyces, which exhibits broad-spectrum pharmacological and biochemical effects. In this study, dactinomycin was successfully labeled with technetium-99m for early diagnosis of bacterial infection and to discriminate it from acute inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Various labeling parameters such as pH, ligand concentration, reducing agent, and stabilizing agent were investigated.

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Decontamination of radionuclides by functionalized mesoporous silica under gamma irradiation.

RSC Adv

September 2018

Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea

Schiff base functionalized mesoporous silica (SA-SBA-15) was synthesized by the co-condensation method to remove the radioactive corrosion products from contaminated water coming from nuclear installations. SA-SBA-15 nanoparticles were first irradiated in a solid powder form and then applied to remove Cu(ii), Ni(ii), and Co(ii) from their aqueous mixture in the range from 0 to 1000 Gy of gamma irradiation. The FTIR, TGA, zeta potential, XRD, BET, TEM, and CHN analysis results revealed the stability of a ligand support material, mesopore ordering and the functional groups.

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The development of functional imaging is a promising strategy for diagnosis and treatment of infectious and cancerous diseases. In this study, epirubicin was developed as a [ Tc]-labeled radiopharmaceutical for the imaging of multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The labeling was carried out using sodium pertechnetate (Na TcO ; ~370 MBq).

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Treatment with radionuclide labeled regulatory peptides is a promising tool in the management of patients with inoperable receptor positive neuroendocrine tumors. Peptide receptor lutetium-177 radionuclide therapy currently has gained ample attention due to high specific accumulation of regulatory peptides at tumor cell surface and promising characteristics of β- and γ-energy photons of lutetium-177 radionuclide. In this study gastrin peptides analogues were labeled with lutetium-177 by subsequent mixing of LuCl (~ 185 MBq), ammonium acetate buffer of 5 pH, gentistic acid, aqueous solution of gastrin peptide analogues (1 mg/mL) and heating the reaction mixture at 98 °C which resulted in high radiochemical yield (> 96%).

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Ciprofloxacin: from infection therapy to molecular imaging.

Mol Biol Rep

October 2018

State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China.

Diagnosis of deep-seated bacterial infection remains a serious medical challenge. The situation is becoming more severe with the increasing prevalence of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotic classes. Early efforts to develop imaging agents for infection, such as technetium-99m (Tc) labeled leukocytes, were encouraging, but they failed to differentiate between bacterial infection and sterile inflammation.

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Tungsten-doped TiO (W@TiO) nanoparticles, with different percentages of atomic tungsten dopant levels (range of 0 to 6 mol%) have been synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDX, ICP-OES and XPS analysis. By means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, it has been observed that with 6 mol% tungsten doping the wavelength range of excitation of TiO has extended to the visible portion of spectrum. Therefore, we evaluated the photocatalytic activity of W@TiO catalysts for the degradation of Congo red dye under varying experimental parameters such as dopant concentration, catalyst dosage, dye concentrations and pH.

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Epirubicin is an antineoplastic agent of anthracycline antibiotic, used for treating a variety of tumor types such as lymphoma, cancer of the breast, lung, ovary and stomach. The objective of this work was to demonstrate direct radiolabeling of epirubicin with Tc, quality control, biological characterization and scientigraphic evaluation in tumor bearing mice. The 99mTc-epirubicin labeling was optimized by varying the amounts of ligand 100-350μg, stannous chloride dihydride 20-50μg and pH range 2-10 by using NaOH or HCl.

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Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evaluation of groundwater with elevated arsenic in alkaline aquifers in Eastern Punjab, Pakistan.

Chemosphere

June 2018

Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address:

Geochemical investigation was carried out for delineating factors responsible for the mobilization of arsenic (As) from aquifer material into the groundwater. Four sites along Ravi River, (Samada, Sarai Chimba, Kot Maiga and Chah Fatehwala), were selected based on the blanket survey. Groundwater-rock interaction and evaporation were the key phenomena controlling groundwater chemistry, as shown by the hydrogeochemical data.

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Investigating the scavenging of reactive oxygen species by antioxidants via theoretical and experimental methods.

J Photochem Photobiol B

March 2018

Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Nanoscience and Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. Electronic address:

Reactive oxygen (hydroxyl OH, hydroperoxyl OOH) species are highly unstable to be studied experimentally under normal conditions. The present study reports the antioxidant potential of the vitamins namely ascorbic acid, riboflavin and nicotinic acid against these reactive oxygen species (ROS) using the predictive power of Density Functional Theory (DFT) (B3LYP with 6311G basis set) calculations. The order of reactivity of aforementioned vitamins was assessed by determining the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) of the OH bond, which is the controlling factor, if hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism is considered.

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Heart imaging radiopharmaceuticals could improve the diagnostic value of routine heart scanning for detecting cardiac disorders. The aim of the study was to prepare high radiochemical purity 99mTc-Digoxin in a yield of about 98%. The optimal conditions for labelling were as follows: 100μg of Digoxin, 2μg of SnCl2•2H2O, room temperature (25±1°C), reaction retention time of 30 min at pH 7.

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As a result of extensive research efforts by several research groups, magnetite-based materials have gained enormous attention in diverse fields including biomedicine, catalysis, energy and data storage devices, magnetic resonance imaging, and environmental remediation. Owing to their low production cost, ease of modification, biocompatibility, and superparamagnetism, the use of these materials for the abatement of environmental toxicants has been increasing continuously. Here we focus on the recent advances in the use of magnetite-based adsorbents for removal of radionuclides (such as Cs(i), Eu(iii), Sr(ii), U(vi), ) from diverse aqueous phases.

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Three-Dimensional ZnO Hierarchical Nanostructures: Solution Phase Synthesis and Applications.

Materials (Basel)

November 2017

Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been studied extensively in the past 20 years due to their novel electronic, photonic, mechanical and electrochemical properties. Recently, more attention has been paid to assemble nanoscale building blocks into three-dimensional (3D) complex hierarchical structures, which not only inherit the excellent properties of the single building blocks but also provide potential applications in the bottom-up fabrication of functional devices. This review article focuses on 3D ZnO hierarchical nanostructures, and summarizes major advances in the solution phase synthesis, applications in environment, and electrical/electrochemical devices.

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Seven organophosphorus compounds (OPs) were measured in urban fine and coarse particulate matter (PM) collected from two sites of Nanjing (XCNUC), China and Islamabad (APHSP), Pakistan. The fine PM mass at APHSP site was significantly higher (p = 0.005) in the spring (mean 22.

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Cancer is found to be the leading cause of death worldwide characterized by uncontrolled cell division. Nuclear medicines imaging using radiopharmaceuticals have pronounced potential for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Cyclophosphamide (CPH) is an antineoplastic drug which targets selectively cancer cells.

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Background: Peripheral or scatter dose harms neighbouring normal tissues during administration of dose to cancerous tissues, therefore, knowledge of peripheral dose is an important consideration in radiotherapy.

Aim: In present study, absorbed dose measurements in a water phantom were performed for three field sizes, 7 × 7 cm, 10 × 10 cm and 15 × 15 cm.

Materials And Methods: For each field size, dose was measured at six depths below the front surface of the water phantom; 2.

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Kanamycin is an antibiotic, isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus, which is used to treat serious bacterial infections. The fact that the present radioligand Tc-kanamycin used for diagnosis is short-lived, raised a need to label and study kanamycin with one of the most important beta (β) radiation emitting isotope Lu. Labeling yield of Lu-kanamycin was confirmed by different chromatography techniques such as paper chromatography, TLC, HPLC.

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Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease, and its diagnosis, treatment, and study relies on non-invasive imaging. Algorithms for stroke lesion segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes are intensely researched, but the reported results are largely incomparable due to different datasets and evaluation schemes. We approached this urgent problem of comparability with the Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES) challenge organized in conjunction with the MICCAI 2015 conference.

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The aim of this study is to develop (177) Lu-5-Flourouracil as a potential cancer therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) is widely accepted as an anticancer drug of broad spectrum fame. The labeling of 5-FU was carried out at different set of experimental conditions using high specific activity of (177) LuCl3 .

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The present study investigates the interaction of citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (12±1.5nm) (GNPs) with free radicals; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable and electrochemically generated superoxide, O2(-). Different experiments were designed to understand the interaction between GNPs and DPPH by employing cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy and computational chemistry using 6-311G basis set.

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