Advancing neutron imaging techniques to highest resolution with fluorescent nuclear track detectors.

Neutron imaging is a nondestructive and noninvasive inspection technique with a wide range of potential applications. However, the fundamentals of this technique still need to be improved, one of which involves achieving micrometer scale or even better resolution, which is a challenging task. Recently, a high-resolution neutron imaging device based on fine-grained nuclear emulsions was developed.

Polychlorinated biphenyls induced toxicities upon cell lines and stem cells: a review.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants emitted during e-waste activities. Upon release into the environment, PCBs can pose harmful effects to the humans and environment. The present review focused on the effects of PCBs on cell proliferation, apoptosis, functional and developmental toxicity and potential possible molecular mechanisms upon cells and stem cells.

Mechanistic insights of methylcinnamate in improving oxidative stress and inflammation in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxic mice by upregulating Nrf2 pathway.

Background: Methylcinnamate (MC), a safe flavoring agent naturally found in Occimum basilicum L. is reported to have an anti-inflammatory responses in various disease models. Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is a significant contributor to acute liver injury, which leads to oxidative stress and inflammation.

An overview of heat stress in Chickpea ( L.): effects, mechanisms and diverse molecular breeding approaches for enhancing resilience and productivity.

Unlabelled: Chickpea (. L) holds the esteemed position of being the second most cultivated and consumed legume crop globally. Nevertheless, both biotic and abiotic constraints limit chickpea production.

Xylooligosaccharides: A comprehensive review of production, purification, characterization, and quantification.

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), short-chain polymers with prebiotic properties, have gained significant commercial attention over the past few decades due to their potential as nutraceutical components. Derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), XOS serve as health promoting compounds with applications across multiple sectors, including food pharmaceutical and cosmetic. This comprehensive review provides an overview of XOS production, purification, characterization, and quantification, highlighting their derivation from various sources such as agricultural waste, agro-economical forest residues, and nutrient-dense energy crops.

L. (purslane) extract ameliorates intestinal inflammation in diet-induced obese mice by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: L. (purslane) is a dietary plant and a botanical drug with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects of purslane against intestinal-inflammation-associated obesity are yet to be studied.

Comparative toxicity of copper and zinc contaminated wastewater irrigation on growth, physiology, and mineral absorption of wheat.

A comparative pot study was performed to assess the toxic effects of copper (Cu) and/or zinc (Zn) contaminated wastewater (WW) irrigation on the growth, physiology, and element concentration of wheat grown for two months. The treatments included irrigation with uncontaminated wastewater (WW) as control, Cu-contaminated WW (CuWW), Zn-contaminated WW (ZnWW), and Cu + Zn contaminated WW (CuZnWW) in a completely randomized design. Compared to ZnWW, irrigation with CuWW or CuZnWW had severe effects on growth, physiology, and mineral absorption by wheat.

Food Safety Concerns in Pakistan: Monitoring of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Residue Contamination in Commercially Available Fish and Poultry Meat Samples.

Food safety is a critical issue in the 21st century due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing harmful foodborne diseases. This comprehensive study meticulously examined the presence of bacterial isolates, quinolone residue, and antimicrobial resistance genes in samples of broiler and fish meat. Forty samples were collected from various locations in the Faisalabad metropolis.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .

Citronellol Induces Apoptosis via Differential Regulation of Caspase-3, NF-κB, and JAK2 Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma Cell Line.

Citronellol (CT) is a naturally occurring lipophilic monoterpenoid which has shown anticancer effects in numerous cancerous cell lines. This study was, therefore, designed to examine CT's potential as an anticancer agent against glioblastoma (GBM). Network pharmacology analysis was employed to identify potential anticancer targets of CT.

Morphological Features Influence the Drug Loading and Delivery Efficacy of Photoactivatable Gold Nanocarriers for Antitumor Photo/Chemotherapy.

Photoactivatable gold nanocarriers are transforming antitumor therapies by leveraging their distinctive physicochemical properties, enabling targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. This study systematically investigates how surface topography and morphology of gold nanocarriers influence drug loading capacity, light-to-heat conversion efficiency, and overall therapeutic performance in photo/chemotherapy. We synthesized four distinct morphologies of gold nanoparticles: porous gold nanocups (PAuNCs), porous gold nanospheres (PAuNSs), solid gold nanocups (SAuNCs), and solid gold nanospheres (SAuNSs).

Pymetrozine induced remarkable hemato-biochemical modifications and genotoxicity in vital organs of bighead carp ().

Pymetrozine (a pyridine azomethine pesticide) is one of the most commonly and frequently used insecticides. Scanty information is available about the deleterious effects of Pymetrozine on fish especially bighead carp. Hence, the current study investigated chronic toxicological effects of pymetrozine in bighead carp.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Advancing crop improvement through GWAS and beyond in mung bean.

Accessing the underlying genetics of complex traits, especially in small grain pulses is an important breeding objective for crop improvement. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analyze thousands of genetic variants across several genomes to identify links with specific traits. This approach has discovered many strong associations between genes and traits, and the number of associated variants is expected to continue to increase as GWAS sample sizes increase.

Effect of extracellular vesicles derived from oviductal and uterine fluid on the development of porcine preimplantation embryos.

To improve the efficiency of in-vitro-produced (IVP) porcine embryos, we focused on the events that usually occur during in-vivo embryonic transit from the oviduct to the uterus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by different mammalian cells and are imperative for intercellular communication and reflect the cell's physiological state. Based on these characteristics, EVs were isolated from oviductal and uterine fluid to imitate the in vivo environment and improve the efficiency of IVP embryos.

Identification of a novel mutation in the gene in low phytate Basmati rice mutant and development of CAPS marker for marker-assisted breeding.

Low phytate level is a desirable trait because it promotes mineral bioavailability and thus offers a solution to tackle mineral deficiencies. The objectives of the present study were to characterize low phytate (lpa) Basmati rice mutants for the identification of novel mutations in target gene(s) and to develop a PCR-based CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) marker for low phytate Basmati rice. For this purpose, cultivar Super Basmati (Q4) was irradiated with gamma rays (Co source) and three mutants named Q1 (lpa-5-9), Q2 (lpa-9-13), and Q3 (lpa-59-14) were isolated.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Geocultural differences in pre-schooler sleep profiles and family practices: an analysis of pooled data from 37 countries.

Study Objectives: To examine 1) multidimensional sleep profiles in pre-schoolers (3-6 years) across geocultural regions and 2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world).

Methods: Participants were 3507 pre-schoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n=1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured.

Genome-wide analysis and identification of nuclear factor Y gene family in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.).

NF-Y is a class of heterotrimeric transcription factor composed of three subunits; NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. This complex binds to the CCAAT box found in eukaryotic promoters and is involved in the plant development and proliferation at various stages. Although many studies were conducted on NF-Y gene family in various species, but no study has been reported yet in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.

SLNP-based CDK4- targeted nanotherapy against glioblastoma.

Introduction: Glioblastoma is a grade IV solid brain tumor and has a 15-month survival rate even after treatment. Glioblastoma development is heavily influenced by retinoblastoma protein (pRB) pathway changes. The blood-brain barrier, drug resistance, and severe toxicity of Temozolamide are key obstacles in treating glioblastoma.

An international survey on the knowledge, attitudes and clinical patterns of use of medical cannabis for cancer care: The TASMAN study.

Background: Medical cannabis (MC) has gained traction in oncology for managing cancer-related symptoms, but its integration faces challenges due to limited evidence, inconsistent guidelines, and varied legal frameworks.

Methods: The TASMAN study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oncologists and palliative care providers globally regarding MC use in cancer care. A survey of healthcare providers from diverse regions and income levels was conducted.