Risk factors involved in spread of HCV in patients from sub urban Rawalpindi and their association with existing genotypes.

The current epidemiological study was designed to trace the involved risk factors in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) spread and to identify any association between HCV genotypes and risk factors. Blood samples were taken from 400 participants and viral genotyping was performed in order to find any possible relationship between the risk factors and genotypes. Major genotypes included 3, 1, 4 and several untypeable ones with prevalence rates 65%, 22.

Justification for hysterectomies and frequency of histopathological lesions of hysterectomy at a Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the justification for hysterectomies and the frequencies of histopathological lesions and complications in hystrectomised patients.

Methodology: As a part of a quality assurance process at the Mercy Teaching Hospital, hysterectomies performed between 1(st) January, 2010 and 1(st) Jan 2012 were retrospectively analyzed for presenting complaints, surgical indication, histologic findings, and postoperative complications. The hysterectomy was considered justified if the preoperative diagnosis was verified by the pathology report or if significant alternate pathology was present.

Ewing's Sarcoma in Scapular Region.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) primarily affects bones and commonly presents in adolescents and young adults. This paper reports a rare case of extra osseous ES of the scapular region in a 9 years old girl. She was treated by a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Traumatic injuries of the permanent maxillory incisors at Dental Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad: a retrospective study.

Background: The study aims to ascertain the prevalence of traumatic dental injures of the maxillary permanent incisors at Dental Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad during the years 2003-2005. Information concerning age, sex, cause, type of tooth, number of injured teeth and patterns of tooth injury were recorded retrospectively from 336 patients aged between 8-40 years, comprising 498 traumatized teeth.

Methods: The dental records of all the patients presenting with dental trauma were examined for collection of data relating to age, sex, cause, number of injured teeth, type of tooth and type of tooth trauma.

Giant cell tumor of bone: a neoplasm or a reactive condition?

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign but locally aggressive bone tumor of young adults. It typically presents as a large lytic mass at the end of the epiphysis of long bones. Grossly it is comprised of cystic and hemorrhagic areas with little or no periosteal reaction.

Adult polycystic kidney disease: a disorder of connective tissue?

Adult polycystic kidney disease (APCKD) is one of the most common serious inherited disorders. Many affected patients succumb to the renal and non-renal manifestations of this autosomal dominant disease. The disease is characterized by cyst formation in several organs, most obvious of which is in the renal parenchyma.