Lung function and onset of cardiometabolic diseases in the longitudinal Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.

Introduction: Previous population-based studies, mainly from high-income countries, have shown that a higher forced vital capacity (FVC) is associated with a lower risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal association between spirometry measures and the onset of cardiometabolic diseases across sites in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries.

Methods: The study population comprised 5916 individuals from 15 countries participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease baseline and follow-up assessments.

Effect of KCO on konjac glucomannan/κ-carrageenan-based camellia oil Pickering emulsion gel for the development of fat analogs.

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) undergoes deacetylation in alkaline conditions, while κ-carrageenan (CRG) is sensitive to potassium ions. This study examines the influence of KCO on the mechanical properties of KGM/CRG-based camellia oil Pickering emulsion gels. Texture analysis and rheological testing revealed that the addition of KCO significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of emulsion gels.

Analysis of Synonymous Codon Usage bias of Lassa virus.

Lassa virus genome consists of two single-stranded, negative-sense RNA segments that lie in the genus Arenavirus. The disease associated with the Lassa virus is distributed all over the world, with approximately 3,000,000-5,000,000 infections diagnosed annually in West Africa. It shows high health risks to the human being.

Epigallocatechin 3-gallate-induced neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases: molecular mechanisms and clinical insights.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are caused by progressive neuronal death and cognitive decline. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic molecule in green tea as a neuroprotective agent. This review evaluates the therapeutic effects of EGCG and explores the molecular mechanisms that show its neuroprotective properties.

Advances in waste-derived functional materials for PFAS remediation.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic organofluoride compounds, widely used in industries since the 1950s for their hydrophobic properties. PFAS contamination of soil and water poses significant environmental and public health risks due to their persistence, chemical stability, and resistance to degradation. The Chemical Abstracts Service catalogs approximately 4300 PFAS globally.

Exploring the interplay between spp. infection and the host: understanding the dynamics of gut barrier function.

Coccidiosis is a global disease caused by protozoans, typically including spp., which pose a significant threat to the normal growth and development of young animals. Coccidiosis affects mainly the gut, where parasite proliferation occurs.

Antiangiogenic potential of extracts and molecular docking study by targeting VEGFR-2 pathway.

Background: Anti-angiogenesis or inhibition of blood vessel formation is the best way to prevent the growth and metastasis of tumors. Natural sources like plants are currently being explored for its antiangiogenic activity as they are factories of various phytochemicals. The goal of the current study is to investigate the antiangiogenic potential of () by using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and molecular docking.

Retraction: Doripenem, Ertapenem, and Meropenem Sensitivity in Salmonella Typhi: A Cross-Sectional Study From Pakistan.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.72872.

Visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin using xC-TiO.

In recent years, antibiotic pollution has become a major environmental concern. The extensive production and widespread use of prescribed antibiotics have significantly impacted ecosystems. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of the antibiotic norfloxacin (NFX) under visible light.

Schiff bases targeting an Sw-480 colorectal cell line: synthesis, characterization, ds-DNA binding and anticancer studies.

In present studies, six Schiff bases were prepared, characterized and evaluated for their anti-tumor activity against the colorectal cancer cell line SW-480. The test compounds were characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as M. P.

Behcet's disease in a tertiary eye hospital in Pakistan.

Behçet's disease is a kind of variable vessel vasculitis (VVV) and inflammatory systematic disease affecting various organs of the body. The cause of the disease is idiopathic but is most commonly genetic in origin. A positive skin prick test (dermatographia), genital sores, eye irritation, skin sores, and at least three episodes of mouth sores in a year confirm the diagnosis.

Pharmacist-led antibiotic interventions in infectious disease patients: a Pakistani tertiary care antimicrobial stewardship study.

Background: Antibiotics are widely used medications among infectious disease patients; therefore, proper monitoring and assessment are critical for ensuring rational use. Antimicrobial stewardship addresses the rational and appropriate use of antibiotics, which reinforces overall health outcomes. Ongoing antimicrobial resistance scenarios are an alarming condition for healthcare, necessitating continued practice of such assessments.

Antioxidative and Anticancer Potential of Luteolin: A Comprehensive Approach Against Wide Range of Human Malignancies.

Luteolin is widely distributed phytochemical, a flavonoid, in kingdom plantae. Luteolin with potential antioxidant activity prevent ROS-induced damages and reduce oxidative stress which is mainly responsible in pathogenesis of many diseases. Several chemo preventive activities and therapeutic benefits are associated with luteolin.

Blanching-Induced Changes in Polyphenol Oxidase, Antioxidants and Phenolic Profile of Mangosteen Pericarp.

Research Background: Anthocyanin pigments in mangosteen pericarp can serve as natural colourants; however, their stability is compromised by enzymatic browning caused by polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Thus, this study aims to investigate how hot water and steam blanching affect the PPO activity, phenolic profile and antioxidant properties of mangosteen pericarp.

Experimental Approach: Fresh mangosteen pericarp was blanched in hot water or steam at 100 °C for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s and the residual PPO activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, browning index and colour properties were evaluated.

An effective encryption approach using a combination of a non-chain ring and a four-dimensional chaotic map.

Algebraic structures are highly effective in designing symmetric key cryptosystems; however, if the key space is not sufficiently large, such systems become vulnerable to brute-force attacks. To address this challenge, our research focuses on enlarging the key space in symmetric key schemes by integrating the non-chain ring with a four-dimensional chaotic system. While chaotic maps offer significant potential for data processing, relying solely on them does not fully leverage their operational advantages.

Four-Week Outcomes of Transforaminal Epidural Injections in Patients With Lumbar Radicular Pain.

Background Lumbar radicular pain occurs due to irritation or compression of the nerve roots in the lower back. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in a diverse patient population with lumbar radicular pain. Methodology This quasi-experimental trial was performed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Unit 1, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from October 2021 to September 2022.

Role of HbA1c in Mortality Among Patients With a Medical History of Ischemic Stroke and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review.

Elevated HbA1c, a marker of poor glycemic control, is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. HbA1c influences outcomes through distinct mechanisms of vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis in ischemic stroke, during atrial remodeling and thrombus formation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Optimal HbA1c thresholds are generally below optimal levels, with levels above this being linked to higher mortality in both populations.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .

The Role of Fermented Pickles in Shaping Gut Microbiota and Immune Response in Women: A Community-Based Trial in Pakistan.

A gut microbiome-targeted diet can potentially mitigate chronic diseases like malnutrition. In a prospective 12-week intervention trial, we evaluated the effects of six different plant-based fermented pickles (∼50g/day) on clinical, inflammatory, and gut-microbiome parameters in women (n=230) in a rural setting with a high prevalence of undernutrition. Blood was collected at two, whereas stool was collected at three timepoints.

Beyond Chemistry: Investigating the Physical, Pharmacological, and Computational Aspects of Polyoxometalate Integrated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment.

Purpose: The solid lipid nanoparticles of transitional metal complexes (POMs) were prepared with natural lipids with the aim of developing a safer therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.

Methods: Natural lipids were used to create solid lipid nanoparticles containing transitional metal complexes (POMs).

Results: The nanoparticles had displayed appreciable entrapment and loading percentage of PW.

Effects of dietary garlic () and papaya () leaf powder on production performance, ruminal methanogen levels, gut parameters, and meat quality in goats.

Background And Aim: Several approaches have been employed to mitigate methane emissions from livestock, with varied results. This study evaluated the effects of shade-dried ground garlic leaf (GL) powder and papaya leaf (PL) powder as crop waste on feed intake, growth performance, ruminal microbial counts, gut epithelial barrier functions, and meat quality in goats.

Materials And Methods: Forty male adult Beetal goats were randomly divided into five treatment groups: (1) Control (basal diet only); (2) basal diet supplemented with 6% bromodichloromethane (BCM); (3) basal diet supplemented with 30% GL powder; (4) basal diet supplemented with 26% PL powder; and (5) basal diet supplemented with 30% GL powder and 26% PL powder (GP).

Au-Decorated TiC MXene Sensor for Enhanced Detection of Gaseous Toxins (CO, COCl, HS, NH, NO): A DFT Study.

The rising level of toxic gases in the environment poses a high demand for efficient gas sensing materials. MXenes, an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, have gained significant interest in this area for having an active-site rich structure, tunable surface properties, and remarkable stability. Herein, an extensive density functional theory (DFT) study is conducted to investigate the sensing properties of pristine and Au-functionalized TiC MXene for five toxic gas molecules: CO, COCl, HS, NH, and NO.

Salinity Stress Resilience in through Mediated Modulation of Growth, Antioxidant System, and Eco-Physiological Adaptations.

Increased soluble salts in soil and irrigation water threaten the sustainability of crops. This causes food insecurity directly by reducing the staple crop yield and indirectly by limiting fodder and forage production. Recently, plant-growth-promoting rhizosphere microorganism utilization improved crop productivity under stress.

Biodegradation Study of Used Engine Oil by Free and Immobilized Cells of the Strain NMA and Their Growth Kinetics.

Used engine oil is considered to be one of the high-risk pollutants, and if introduced untreated in the environment, it threatens the whole ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need to find some rapid and efficient methods for the remediation of used engine oil. The present study aimed to isolate indigenous bacterial strains having the capability to degrade used engine oil.