Book Review: Farr's Physics for Medical Imaging (3rd edition).

No abstract needed.

Citrus diseases detection using innovative deep learning approach and Hybrid Meta-Heuristic.

Citrus farming is one of the major agricultural sectors of Pakistan and currently represents almost 30% of total fruit production, with its highest concentration in Punjab. Although economically important, citrus crops like sweet orange, grapefruit, lemon, and mandarins face various diseases like canker, scab, and black spot, which lower fruit quality and yield. Traditional manual disease diagnosis is not only slow, less accurate, and expensive but also relies heavily on expert intervention.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The prevalence of MetS and individual components across pregnancy has not been reviewed in the literature. This research was conducted to identify the prevalence of MetS and its components among pregnant women.

Pathophysiological Effects on Coronary Arteries Following Radiofrequency Ablation: A Comprehensive Review.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective treatment for patients experiencing ventricular and atrial tachyarrhythmias. While complications after RFA are generally rare, the occurrence of coronary artery (CA) injury, albeit infrequent, can have significant clinical implications. Given the proximity of CAs to common ablation sites, understanding the interplay between RFA and CA perfusion pathophysiology is paramount.

The Burden of Hepatitis B and C in Asia, 1990-2019: An Update Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Aim: This research was aimed to uncover the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) related diseases burden in Asia over the past 3 decades, estimating from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019.

Methods: Age-standardised rates, case numbers of prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), incidence and deaths with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) for HBV/HCV-related diseases from 1990 to 2019 were derived from GBD 2019 database, with the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) calculated. Our analysis also encompassed the association between the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and the burden of HBV/HCV-related diseases, future disease burden predictions in six selected countries and various risk factors.

Nutritional Health Connection of Algae and its Pharmaceutical Value as Anticancer and Antioxidant Constituents of Drugs.

The marine environment is one of the major biomass producers of algae and seaweed; it is rich in functional ingredients or active metabolites with valuable nutritional health effects. Algal metabolites derived from the cultivation of both microalgae and macroalgae may positively impact human health, offering physiological, pharmaceutical and nutritional benefits. Microalgae have been widely used as novel sources of bioactive substances.

A customized convolutional neural network-based approach for weeds identification in cotton crops.

Smart farming is a hot research area for experts globally to fulfill the soaring demand for food. Automated approaches, based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), for crop disease identification, weed classification, and monitoring have substantially helped increase crop yields. Plant diseases and pests are posing a significant danger to the health of plants, thus causing a reduction in crop production.

Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis with a small aortic annulus: A meta-analysis with reconstructed time to event data.

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) remains a prevalent and serious global health concern, exacerbated by an aging population worldwide. This valvular disease, when symptomatic and without appropriate intervention, severe AS can drastically reduce life expectancy. In our systematic review and -analysis, we aim to synthesize available evidence to guide clinical decision-making by comparing the performance of TAVR and SAVR, specifically in patients with severe AS and a small aortic annulus.

Cell-Based Meat Safety and Regulatory Approaches: A Comprehensive Review.

Cell-based meat (CBM) technology is a highly promising alternative to traditional animal agriculture, with considerable advantages in terms of sustainability, animal welfare, and food security. Nonetheless, CBM's successful commercialization is dependent on efficiently dealing with several critical concerns, including ensuring biological, chemical, and nutritional safety as well as navigating the global regulatory framework. To ensure CBM's biological safety, detecting and mitigating any potential hazards introduced during the manufacturing process is crucial.

Microalgae: An Exciting Alternative Protein Source and Nutraceutical for the Poultry Sector.

Microalgae have garnered a considerable attention as a sustainable substitute as customary feed ingredients for poultry, predominantly due to their extraordinary nutritive profile and purposeful properties. These minuscule organisms are protein rich, retain an ample quantity of essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, thus are capable of improving nutritive value of poultry diets. Microalgae comparatively delivers an outstanding source of protein containing substantial amount of innumerable bioactive complexes, omega-3 fatty acids in addition to the essential amino acids (methionine and lysine), crucial for optimal growth and development.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of the p53 Protein in Colorectal Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study.

The role of p53 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in this immunohistochemical analysis of 110 CRC patients. The study aimed to explore the relationship between p53 expression and clinicopathological features, such as tumor grade, size, lymph node involvement, and molecular subtypes. The mean age of patients was 52.

Association of the Mayo-Adhesive Probability Score With the Total Operative Time of Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy.

Introduction: Living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is often performed using hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN). Adherent perinephric fat (APF) can complicate HALDN, increasing operative time. The Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score predicts APF preoperatively.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Hyperdense Artery Sign in Early Detection of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Validation Study.

Background: Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on a non-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan is considered an important radiological marker in detecting acute arterial thrombotic occlusion, and it is one of the earliest signs of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This finding has been observed within 90 min of symptom onset. Modern approaches to patients with cerebral infarction emphasize early diagnosis and management.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED), is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, typically accompanied by discomfort. Low iron levels, pregnancy, and age are some identified risk factors. RLS is treated using various pharmacological options, including dopamine agonists, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, opioids, and bupropion.

Corrigendum: Abnormal respiratory sounds classification using deep CNN through artificial noise addition.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.

Multifunctional biosynthesized magnetosome for multimodal imaging and combined therapy of tumor.

The large recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and low exposure of tumor-associated antigens in tumor microenvironment have severely suppress the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy. Herein, biosynthesized magnetosome (Mag) from bacteria was loaded with photothermal/photodynamic agent/near infrared (NIR) fluorescence dye (IR780) and further modified with lipid-PEG-c(RGDyK) through biomembrane, forming Mag for fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, immunotherapy and photodynamic/photothermal therapy. After intravenous injection into B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, Mag could efficiently accumulate in tumor tissues based on near infrared (NIR) fluorescence and magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging, and repolarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from M2 phenotype to M1 phenotype, significantly improving the effect of tumor immunotherapy.

Determinants of school-going adolescent girls' health and nutritional status in district Malir, Karachi: a baseline cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Adolescence is a phase of life marked by rapid growth. Adequate nutrition is essential during this developmental stage, leading to significant physical performance, improved cognitive ability, and productivity. Improving adolescent girls' nutrition is crucial for breaking the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition, but research in Pakistan has largely focused on children under five and pregnant women, often neglecting this vulnerable group.

Impact of maternal nutritional literacy and feeding practices on the growth outcomes of children (6-23 months) in Gujranwala: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Malnutrition contributes to approximately 45% of deaths among under 5 years children in low and middle-income countries. Poor maternal knowledge and failure to comply with recommended Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices are known risk factors for malnutrition but there are inconsistencies in the literature. Therefore, this cross-sectional study of 100 mother-child pairs in district Gujranwala aimed to assess maternal nutritional literacy (MNL) and maternal feeding practices (MFP) and their ultimate impacts on child growth.

Microstructure, wear, and corrosion properties of PEEK-based composite coating incorporating titania- and copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles.

Poor wear- and corrosion-resistance of 316L SS implants are critical problems in orthopedic implants. This study aims to improve the wear- and corrosion-resistance of 316L SS through surface coating. In this study, a bilayer composite coating consisting of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) as the first layer, and titania (TiO)- and Cu-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Cu-MBGNs) were deposited as the second layer on a 316L SS electrophoretic deposition (EPD).

Monkeypox Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Workers in Pakistan.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate healthcare workers (HCWs) acceptance of the HMPXV vaccine in Pakistan and identify influencing factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 4257 HCWs assessed vaccine acceptance across demographics, ethnicity, marital status, specialty, medical conditions, and education. Logistic regression identified predictors of acceptance.

Role of Artificial Intelligence-assisted Decision Support Tool for Common Rhythm Disturbances: A ChatGPT Proof-of-concept Study.

Background: The objective of this article was to explore the use of ChatGPT as a clinical support tool for common arrhythmias.

Methods: This study assessed the feasibility of using ChatGPT as an AI decision-support tool for common rhythm disturbances. The study was conducted using retrospective data collected from electronic medical records (EMRs) of patients with documented rhythm disturbances.