Italian versions of the optimal screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag (OSPRO-YF) and the Örebro Musculoskeletal pain screening questionnaire (ÖMPQ-21) and their short forms, in patients with low back pain: Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Early detection of prognostic factors using the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag (OSPRO-YF) or the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPQ-21) can predict improvement in pain and disability for patients with nonspecific LBP.

Objectives: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the OSPRO-YF and the ÖMPQ-21 with their short versions into the Italian language and to test their measurement properties in patients with LBP.

Optimizing Healthcare Expenditure for Spinal Cord Stimulation in Italy: The Value of Battery Longevity Improvement and a Direct-to-Implant Approach.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a treatment for chronic intractable pain powered by an implantable pulse generator that may be rechargeable or not rechargeable (NR). It is performed in 2 stages (a trialing phase followed by permanent device implantation) and necessitates 2 hospitalizations, which may increase infection risk. This analysis explores the cost impact of improvements in battery longevity and the adoption of 1-step (direct-to-implant [DTI]) SCS implantation.