Changes in serum thyroid hormone levels in psychiatric patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics.

Introduction: The objective of the study was to evaluate changes in serum thyroid hormone levels in psychiatric patients after second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) treatment, and to determine differences between monotherapy and polytherapy with SGAs, as well as differences between patients with and without a history of antipsychotics.

Material And Methods: A total of 71 patients with baseline thyroid hormone levels within the normal reference ranges were included in this retrospectively study.

Results: After SGAs treatment, the serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and total thyroxine (TT4) significantly decreased, and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels significantly increased (changes from baseline: FT3: -0.

Second-Tier Next Generation Sequencing Integrated in Nationwide Newborn Screening Provides Rapid Molecular Diagnostics of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and other T cell lymphopenias can be detected during newborn screening (NBS) by measuring T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in dried blood spot (DBS) DNA. Second tier next generation sequencing (NGS) with an amplicon based targeted gene panel using the same DBS DNA was introduced as part of our prospective pilot research project in 2015. With parental consent, 21 000 newborns were TREC-tested in the pilot.

Diabetic‑induced alterations in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism: The role of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health concern in society. Type 1 and type 2 DM are the two main types of diabetes; both types are chronic diseases that affect glucose metabolism in the body and the impaired regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism promotes the development and progression of DM. During the physiological metabolism process, the liver serves a unique role in glucose and lipid metabolism.

Quality assessment of guidelines for the management of infection in children.

The quality of paediatric clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of infection is unclear. We aimed to comprehensively assess the quality of these CPGs and identify areas requiring improvement. CPGs were systematically searched and identified before being appraised by independent reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) tools.

Developmental population pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics and dosing optimization of cefoperazone in children.

Objectives: To evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in children and establish an evidence-based dosing regimen using a developmental pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach in order to optimize cefoperazone treatment.

Methods: A model-based, open-label, opportunistic-sampling pharmacokinetic study was conducted in China. Blood samples from 99 cefoperazone-treated children were collected and quantified by HPLC/MS.

Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells as response to periodical microstructured Ti6Al4V surfaces.

Titanium-based alloys, for example, Ti6Al4V, are frequently employed for load-bearing orthopedic and dental implants. Growth of new bone tissue and therefore osseointegration can be promoted by the implant's microtopography, which can lead to improved long-term stability of the implant. This study investigates the effect that an organized, periodical microstructure produced by an electron beam (EB) technique has on the viability, morphology, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) in vitro.

Subgroup comparison according to clinical phenotype and serostatus in autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background And Purpose: Autoimmune encephalitides (AE) include a spectrum of neurological disorders whose diagnosis revolves around the detection of neuronal antibodies (Abs). Consensus-based diagnostic criteria (AE-DC) allow clinic-serological subgrouping of AE, with unclear prognostic implications. The impact of AE-DC on patients' management was studied, focusing on the subgroup of Ab-negative-AE.

Exploring the phenotype and genotype of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae harbouring bla group extended-spectrum β-lactamases recovered from paediatric clinical cases in Shenzhen, China.

Background: Emergence and spread of β-lactamase resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have posed a serious threat, especially in paediatric patients globally. The present study focuses on explore drug resistance profile and molecular characterization of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing K. pneumoniae isolated from paediatric patients in Shenzhen, China.

Population pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir after valganciclovir in renal transplant children.

Background: Valganciclovir, the ganciclovir prodrug, is an antiviral agent administered orally to prevent or treat cytomegalovirus infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Dosing regimen of valganciclovir is still controversial in children, as the number of patients reaching the Area Under the Curve at steady state (AUC) target (40 - 60 mg.h/L) remains highly variable.

LGI1 and CASPR2 autoimmunity in children: Systematic literature review and report of a young girl with Morvan syndrome.

Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) neurological autoimmunity in adults has been associated with various clinical syndromes involving central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system, while data in children is limited. We perform the first systematic literature review on paediatric LGI1 and CASPR2 autoimmunity, with focus on clinical data, in order to contribute to the definition of clinical features of LGI1 and CASPR2 autoimmunity in paediatric age and favour early diagnosis. Additionally, we report the youngest-to-date case of Morvan syndrome.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multi-drug-resistant isolates harboring bla group extended-spectrum β-lactamases recovered from pediatric patients in Shenzhen, southern China.

The emergence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) particularly CTX-M producing multi-drug-resistant (MDR) () is one of the greatest challenges for community health globally. The study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBLs-producing recovered from pediatric patients from Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China. Present study, a total of 2,670 isolates of .

Relapse risk factors in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.

Aim: To identify factors that may predict and affect the risk of relapse in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.

Method: This was a retrospective study of an Italian cohort of patients with paediatric (≤18y) onset anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Results: Of the 62 children included (39 females; median age at onset 9y 10mo, range 1y 2mo-18y; onset between 2005 and 2018), 21 per cent relapsed (median two total events per relapsing patient, range 2-4).

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Under Hypoxia: Changes in Extracellular Vesicles Secretion and Improvement of Renal Recovery after Ischemic Injury.

Background/aims: The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in kidney injury has been largely reported. However, new approaches are necessary to optimize the efficacy in the treatment of renal diseases. MSCs physiologically are under a low O partial pressure (pO), and culturing adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) in hypoxia alters their secretory paracrine properties.

Renal Regenerative Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from miRNA-Engineered Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess pro-regenerative potential in different animal models with renal injury. EVs contain different molecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Among the shuttled molecules, miRNAs have a relevant role in the pro-regenerative effects of EVs and are a promising target for therapeutic interventions.

Circulating Biomarkers for Response Prediction of Rectal Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy.

Rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) is highly variable. In fact, it has been estimated that only about 21 % of patients show pathologic Complete Response (pCR) after therapy, while in most of the patients a partial or incomplete tumour regression is observed. Consequently, patients with a priori chemoradioresistant tumour should not receive the treatment, which is associated with substantial adverse effects and does not guarantee any clinical benefit.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Imipenem in Children with Hematological Malignancies.

Imipenem is widely used for the treatment of children with serious infections. Currently, studies on the pharmacokinetics of imipenem in children with hematological malignancies are lacking. Given the significant impact of disease on pharmacokinetics and increased resistance, we aimed to conduct a population pharmacokinetic study of imipenem and optimize the dosage regimens for this vulnerable population.

Neuroblastoma treatment in the post-genomic era.

Neuroblastoma is an embryonic malignancy of early childhood originating from neural crest cells and showing heterogeneous biological, morphological, genetic and clinical characteristics. The correct stratification of neuroblastoma patients within risk groups (low, intermediate, high and ultra-high) is critical for the adequate treatment of the patients.High-throughput technologies in the Omics disciplines are leading to significant insights into the molecular pathogenesis of neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma (Peripheral neuroblastic tumours).

Peripheral neuroblastic tumours (PNTs), a family of tumours arising in the embryonal remnants of the sympathetic nervous system, account for 7-10% of all tumours in children. In two-thirds of cases, PNTs originate in the adrenal glands or the retroperitoneal ganglia. At least one third present metastases at onset, with bone and bone marrow being the most frequent metastatic sites.

mTOR/P70S6K promotes spermatogonia proliferation and spermatogenesis in Sprague Dawley rats.

Spermatogenesis is a critical process for maintaining male fertility. Sustained spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation ensures constant spermatogenesis, and several signalling pathways regulate this process. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway plays an important role in spermatogenesis; however, the mechanism remains unknown.

Vaccine Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with High-level Antibiotic Resistance Isolated More Frequently Seven Years After the Licensure of PCV7 in Beijing.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was made available in China in the private sector in September 2008.

Methods: This study investigated the serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae in hospitalized pediatric patients.

Restraint use and seating position among child car passengers: an observational study in Shanghai.

Child passenger restraint practices in China are poorly characterized and few direct observational studies have been performed. This study aims to describe child passenger restraint use and to investigate factors influencing the restraint practices. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at toll-gates in Shanghai during an 11-day period in June in 2009.

[Gene expression related to growth axis and gonadal axis in puberty rats].

Objective: To elucidate the effect and effective mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) on growth axis and gonadal axis in puberty rats.

Methods: After injecting GnRHa on puberty rats, hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and epiphyseal cartilage of legs were taken, and related gene expression was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR).

Results: GnRHa could reduce the gene expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in hypothalamus and its receptor (GnRHR) in pituitary, increase the gene expression of growth hormone releasing inhibiting hormone (SRIH), and not affect the gene expression of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) in hypothalamus.