Redox regulation of mA methyltransferase METTL3 in β-cells controls the innate immune response in type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Several observations have renewed the interest in β-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, we report that -methyladenosine (mA) is an adaptive β-cell safeguard mechanism that controls the amplitude and duration of the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset.

Toward Equitable Kidney Function Estimation in Critical Care Practice: Guidance From the Society of Critical Care Medicine's Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Renal Clinical Practice Task Force.

Objectives: Accurate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessment is essential in critically ill patients. GFR is often estimated using creatinine-based equations, which require surrogates for muscle mass such as age and sex. Race has also been included in GFR equations, based on the assumption that Black individuals have genetically determined higher muscle mass.

Do pre-transplant cultural factors predict health-related quality of life after kidney transplantation?

Background: Post-transplant health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is associated with health outcomes for kidney transplant (KT) recipients. However, pretransplant predictors of improvements in post-transplant HRQOL remain incompletely understood. Namely, important pretransplant cultural factors, such as experience of discrimination, perceived racism in healthcare, or mistrust of the healthcare system, have not been examined as potential HRQOL predictors.

Association Between Left Ventricular Scar and Ventricular Ectopy in People Living With and Without HIV.

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) have greater risk for arrhythmic sudden death and heart failure than people without HIV (PWOH), though risk identifiers remain understudied. Higher ventricular ectopy (VE) burden reflects increased arrhythmic susceptibility and cardiomyopathy risk.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test if myocardial scar measured by late gadolinium-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) associates with VE by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring among PLWH and PWOH with risk factors for HIV, and if the association differs by HIV.

Regulation of β-cell death by ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 via lipid signaling in insulitis.

Background: Lipids are regulators of insulitis and β-cell death in type 1 diabetes development, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how the islet lipid composition and downstream signaling regulate β-cell death.

Methods: We performed lipidomics using three models of insulitis: human islets and EndoC-βH1 β cells treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interlukine-1β and interferon-γ, and islets from pre-diabetic non-obese mice.

Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study.

This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies.

Evaluating appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours as predictors of weight loss maintenance with GLP-1RA therapy in adolescents with severe obesity.

Introduction: Whilst glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are effective for treating adolescent obesity, weight loss maintenance (WLM; preventing weight regain) remains a challenge. Our goal was to investigate appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours that may predict WLM with exenatide (a GLP1-RA) versus placebo in adolescents with severe obesity.

Methods: Adolescents who had ≥5% body mass index (BMI) reduction with meal replacement therapy were randomized to 52 weeks of once-weekly exenatide extended release or placebo.

"I only seek treatment when I am ill": experiences of hypertension and diabetes care among adults living with HIV in urban Tanzania.

Background: For adults living with HIV (ALHIV) and comorbidities, access to comprehensive healthcare services is crucial to achieving optimal health outcomes. This study aims to describe lived experiences, challenges, and coping strategies for accessing care for hypertension and/or diabetes (HTN/DM) in HIV care and treatment clinics (CTCs) and other healthcare settings.

Methodology: We conducted a qualitative study that employed a phenomenological approach between January and April 2022 using a semi-structured interview guide in six HIV CTCs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Risk Factors for Meeting Criteria for Switching from Bevacizumab to Aflibercept When Treating Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema and Visual Acuity of < 20/40.

Purpose: To identify factors for meeting prespecified criteria for switching from bevacizumab to aflibercept in eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME) and moderate vision loss initially treated with bevacizumab in DRCR Retina Network protocol AC.

Design: Post hoc analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial.

Participants: Two hundred seventy participants with one or both eyes harboring CI-DME with visual acuity (VA) letter score of 69 to 24 (Snellen equivalent, 20/50-20/320).

Incident Proteinuria by HIV Serostatus Among Men With Pre--Diabetes Mellitus: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Background: Pre-diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with proteinuria, a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. While people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) have a higher risk of proteinuria than people without HIV (PWOH), it is unknown whether incident proteinuria differs by HIV serostatus among prediabetic persons.

Methods: The urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was measured at semiannual visits among men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study since April 2006.

Targeted Proteomics Reveals Functional Targets for Early Diabetes Susceptibility in Young Adults.

Background: The circulating proteome may encode early pathways of diabetes susceptibility in young adults for surveillance and intervention. Here, we define proteomic correlates of tissue phenotypes and diabetes in young adults.

Methods: We used penalized models and principal components analysis to generate parsimonious proteomic signatures of diabetes susceptibility based on phenotypes and on diabetes diagnosis across 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study; mean age, 32 years; 44% women; 43% Black; mean body mass index, 25.

A Multicenter Long-Term Cohort Study of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Variants and Their Progression to Eosinophilic Esophagitis Over Time.

Introduction: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) variants have been recently characterized as conditions with symptoms of esophageal dysfunction resembling EoE, but absence of significant esophageal eosinophilia. Their disease course and severity have yet to be determined.

Methods: Patients from 6 EoE centers with symptoms of esophageal dysfunction, but peak eosinophil counts of <15/hpf in esophageal biopsies and absence of gastroesophageal reflux disease with at least one follow-up visit were included.

Mortal Systemic Exclusion Yielded Steep Mortality-Rate Increases In People Experiencing Homelessness, 2011-20.

The number and percentage of people in the US dying while homeless has increased in recent years. However, information about the causes of death most prevalent among this population, and about how cause-specific mortality rates may be shifting over time, has been limited to locally specific data. Using a unique data set of 22,143 homeless decedents in twenty-two localities across ten states and Washington, D.

Imaging Modalities for Assessing the Vascular Component of Diabetic Retinal Disease: Review and Consensus for an Updated Staging System.

Purpose: To review the evidence for imaging modalities in assessing the vascular component of diabetic retinal disease (DRD), to inform updates to the DRD staging system.

Design: Standardized narrative review of the literature by an international expert workgroup, as part of the DRD Staging System Update Effort, a project of the Mary Tyler Moore Vision Initiative. Overall, there were 6 workgroups: Vascular Retina, Neural Retina, Systemic Health, Basic and Cellular Mechanisms, Visual Function, and Quality of Life.

Mechanical hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain qualities impart risk for chronic postoperative pain after total knee replacement.

Total knee replacement (TKR) is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage chronic osteoarthritis pain, yet many patients report chronic postoperative pain after TKR. The search for preoperative predictors for chronic postoperative pain following TKR has been studied with inconsistent findings. This study investigates the predictive value of quantitative sensory testing (QST) and PainDETECT for postoperative pain 3, 6, and 12 months post-TKR.

METformin for the MINimization of Geographic Atrophy Progression (METforMIN): A Randomized Trial.

Purpose: Metformin use has been associated with a decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression in observational studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral metformin for slowing geographic atrophy (GA) progression.

Design: Parallel-group, multicenter, randomized phase II clinical trial.

Integrating multiple lines of evidence to assess the effects of maternal BMI on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.

Background: Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear.

Methods: We explored the relation of maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI with 20 pregnancy and perinatal outcomes by integrating evidence from three different approaches (i.

Metabolites Associated With Uremic Symptoms in Patients With CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.

Rationale & Objective: The toxins that contribute to uremic symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unknown. We sought to apply complementary statistical modeling approaches to data from untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling to identify solutes associated with uremic symptoms in patients with CKD.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Understanding the role of childhood nurture, abuse, and stability on gestational diabetes in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA).

Background: To estimate associations between facets of the maternal childhood family environment with gestational diabetes (GDM) and to test mediation by pre-pregnancy waist circumference.

Methods: We used data from CARDIA, a cohort of individuals aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-86), followed over 30 years (2016). We included participants with one or more pregnancies ≥ 20 weeks after baseline, without pre-pregnancy diabetes.

Evidence for the Association Between Adverse Childhood Family Environment, Child Abuse, and Caregiver Warmth and Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Background: This study aimed to quantify the association between childhood family environment and longitudinal cardiovascular health (CVH) in adult CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study participants. We further investigated whether the association differs by adult income.

Methods: We applied the CVH framework from the American Heart Association including metrics for smoking, cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose, body mass index, physical activity, and diet.

Accurate identification of structural variations from cancer samples.

Structural variations (SVs) are commonly found in cancer genomes. They can cause gene amplification, deletion and fusion, among other functional consequences. With an average read length of hundreds of kilobases, nano-channel-based optical DNA mapping is powerful in detecting large SVs.

Using electronic health records to enhance surveillance of diabetes in children, adolescents and young adults: a study protocol for the DiCAYA Network.

Introduction: Traditional survey-based surveillance is costly, limited in its ability to distinguish diabetes types and time-consuming, resulting in reporting delays. The Diabetes in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults (DiCAYA) Network seeks to advance diabetes surveillance efforts in youth and young adults through the use of large-volume electronic health record (EHR) data. The network has two primary aims, namely: (1) to refine and validate EHR-based computable phenotype algorithms for accurate identification of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youth and young adults and (2) to estimate the incidence and prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youth and young adults and trends therein.

Stress and human health in diabetes: A report from the 19 Chicago Biomedical Consortium symposium.

Stress and diabetes coexist in a vicious cycle. Different types of stress lead to diabetes, while diabetes itself is a major life stressor. This was the focus of the Chicago Biomedical Consortium's 19 annual symposium, "Stress and Human Health: Diabetes," in November 2022.

Fluorescein videoangiography data analysis protocol for mapping retinal vascular permeability in humans.

Fluorescein video angiographies (FVAs) are a diagnostic tool for eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Currently, kinetic tracer model methods based on indicator-dilutions theory use FVAs to extract biomarkers (e.g.