Associations of Kidney Tubular Biomarkers With Incident Macroalbuminuria and Sustained Low eGFR in DCCT/EDIC.

Objective: Tubulointerstitial injury contributes to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. We tested tubular biomarker associations with DKD development in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: We performed a case-cohort study examining associations of tubular biomarkers, measured across seven time points spanning ∼30 years, with incident macroalbuminuria ("severely elevated albuminuria," urinary albumin excretion rate [AER] ≥300 mg/day) and sustained low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (persistent eGFR <60 mL/min/1.

Risk factors for hip and vertebral fractures in chronic kidney disease: the CRIC study.

Fracture risk is high in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and underlying pathophysiology and risk factors may differ from the general population. In a cohort study of 3939 participants in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC), we used Cox regression to test associations of putative risk factors with the composite of first hip or vertebral fracture assessed using hospital discharge codes. Mean age was 58 years, 45% were female, 42% were Black, and 13% were Hispanic.

Clinical Decision Support for Hypertension Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 37 million adults in the United States, and for patients with CKD, hypertension is a key risk factor for adverse outcomes, such as kidney failure, cardiovascular events, and death.

Objective: To evaluate a computerized clinical decision support (CDS) system for the management of uncontrolled hypertension in patients with CKD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multiclinic, randomized clinical trial randomized primary care practitioners (PCPs) at a primary care network, including 15 hospital-based, ambulatory, and community health center-based clinics, through a stratified, matched-pair randomization approach February 2021 to February 2022.

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Early Heart Failure Study: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics.

Background: Current prevalence estimates of heart failure (HF) are primarily based on self-report or HF hospitalizations. There is an unmet need to define the prevalence and pathogenesis of early symptomatic HF, which may be undiagnosed and precedes HF hospitalization.

Methods: The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Early HF study was conducted during MESA exam 6 to determine the prevalence of early HF and investigate the transition from risk factors to early HF in a diverse population-based cohort of older adults.

Outcomes and efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging-compatible sacral nerve stimulator for management of fecal incontinence: A multi-institutional study.

Background: Fecal incontinence (FI) is an involuntary passage of fecal matter which can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life. Many modalities of treatment exist for FI. Sacral nerve stimulation is a well-established treatment for FI.

Longitudinal changes in diet quality and food intake before and after diabetes awareness in American adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Introduction: Limited longitudinal research is available examining how American adults make dietary changes after learning they have diabetes. We examined the associations between diabetes awareness and changes in dietary quality and food intake in a prospective cohort from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Research Design And Methods: A nested case-control design was used.

Black women's perspectives on bladder health: Social-ecological and life course contexts.

Aims: This paper explores Black women's perspectives on bladder health using a social-ecological conceptual framework and life course perspective.

Methods: We conducted a directed content analysis of data from the Study of Habits, Attitudes, Realities, and Experiences (SHARE), a focus group study by the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium. Analysis was conducted on data from five focus groups and a member-checking session where all participants self-identified as Black or African American.

Decoding chromatin states by proteomic profiling of nucleosome readers.

DNA and histone modifications combine into characteristic patterns that demarcate functional regions of the genome. While many 'readers' of individual modifications have been described, how chromatin states comprising composite modification signatures, histone variants and internucleosomal linker DNA are interpreted is a major open question. Here we use a multidimensional proteomics strategy to systematically examine the interaction of around 2,000 nuclear proteins with over 80 modified dinucleosomes representing promoter, enhancer and heterochromatin states.

Metabolomic profiles of sleep-disordered breathing are associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus development.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent episodic upper airway obstruction. Using data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), we apply principal component analysis (PCA) to seven SDB-related measures. We estimate the associations of the top two SDB PCs with serum levels of 617 metabolites, in both single-metabolite analysis, and a joint penalized regression analysis.

Intake of B vitamins and the risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study.

Purpose: The aim was to study the association between dietary intake of B vitamins in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by the age of 10 years.

Methods: We followed 8500 T1D-susceptible children born in the U.S.

Interferons are key cytokines acting on pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The proinflammatory cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and TNF-α may contribute to innate and adaptive immune responses during insulitis in type 1 diabetes and therefore represent attractive therapeutic targets to protect beta cells. However, the specific role of each of these cytokines individually on pancreatic beta cells remains unknown.

Methods: We used deep RNA-seq analysis, followed by extensive confirmation experiments based on reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot, histology and use of siRNAs, to characterise the response of human pancreatic beta cells to each cytokine individually and compared the signatures obtained with those present in islets of individuals affected by type 1 diabetes.

Redox regulation of mA methyltransferase METTL3 in β-cells controls the innate immune response in type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Several observations have renewed the interest in β-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, we report that -methyladenosine (mA) is an adaptive β-cell safeguard mechanism that controls the amplitude and duration of the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset.

Toward Equitable Kidney Function Estimation in Critical Care Practice: Guidance From the Society of Critical Care Medicine's Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Renal Clinical Practice Task Force.

Objectives: Accurate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessment is essential in critically ill patients. GFR is often estimated using creatinine-based equations, which require surrogates for muscle mass such as age and sex. Race has also been included in GFR equations, based on the assumption that Black individuals have genetically determined higher muscle mass.

Do pre-transplant cultural factors predict health-related quality of life after kidney transplantation?

Background: Post-transplant health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is associated with health outcomes for kidney transplant (KT) recipients. However, pretransplant predictors of improvements in post-transplant HRQOL remain incompletely understood. Namely, important pretransplant cultural factors, such as experience of discrimination, perceived racism in healthcare, or mistrust of the healthcare system, have not been examined as potential HRQOL predictors.

Association Between Left Ventricular Scar and Ventricular Ectopy in People Living With and Without HIV.

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) have greater risk for arrhythmic sudden death and heart failure than people without HIV (PWOH), though risk identifiers remain understudied. Higher ventricular ectopy (VE) burden reflects increased arrhythmic susceptibility and cardiomyopathy risk.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test if myocardial scar measured by late gadolinium-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) associates with VE by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring among PLWH and PWOH with risk factors for HIV, and if the association differs by HIV.

Regulation of β-cell death by ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 via lipid signaling in insulitis.

Background: Lipids are regulators of insulitis and β-cell death in type 1 diabetes development, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how the islet lipid composition and downstream signaling regulate β-cell death.

Methods: We performed lipidomics using three models of insulitis: human islets and EndoC-βH1 β cells treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interlukine-1β and interferon-γ, and islets from pre-diabetic non-obese mice.

Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study.

This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies.

Evaluating appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours as predictors of weight loss maintenance with GLP-1RA therapy in adolescents with severe obesity.

Introduction: Whilst glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are effective for treating adolescent obesity, weight loss maintenance (WLM; preventing weight regain) remains a challenge. Our goal was to investigate appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours that may predict WLM with exenatide (a GLP1-RA) versus placebo in adolescents with severe obesity.

Methods: Adolescents who had ≥5% body mass index (BMI) reduction with meal replacement therapy were randomized to 52 weeks of once-weekly exenatide extended release or placebo.

"I only seek treatment when I am ill": experiences of hypertension and diabetes care among adults living with HIV in urban Tanzania.

Background: For adults living with HIV (ALHIV) and comorbidities, access to comprehensive healthcare services is crucial to achieving optimal health outcomes. This study aims to describe lived experiences, challenges, and coping strategies for accessing care for hypertension and/or diabetes (HTN/DM) in HIV care and treatment clinics (CTCs) and other healthcare settings.

Methodology: We conducted a qualitative study that employed a phenomenological approach between January and April 2022 using a semi-structured interview guide in six HIV CTCs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Risk Factors for Meeting Criteria for Switching from Bevacizumab to Aflibercept When Treating Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema and Visual Acuity of < 20/40.

Purpose: To identify factors for meeting prespecified criteria for switching from bevacizumab to aflibercept in eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME) and moderate vision loss initially treated with bevacizumab in DRCR Retina Network protocol AC.

Design: Post hoc analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial.

Participants: Two hundred seventy participants with one or both eyes harboring CI-DME with visual acuity (VA) letter score of 69 to 24 (Snellen equivalent, 20/50-20/320).

Incident Proteinuria by HIV Serostatus Among Men With Pre--Diabetes Mellitus: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Background: Pre-diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with proteinuria, a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. While people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) have a higher risk of proteinuria than people without HIV (PWOH), it is unknown whether incident proteinuria differs by HIV serostatus among prediabetic persons.

Methods: The urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was measured at semiannual visits among men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study since April 2006.