Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue.

Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training (ExT) and sex on its molecular landscape is not fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach, and leveraging data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we show profound sexual dimorphism in the scWAT of sedentary rats and in the dynamic response of this tissue to ExT. Specifically, the scWAT of sedentary females displays -omic signatures related to insulin signaling and adipogenesis, whereas the scWAT of sedentary males is enriched in terms related to aerobic metabolism.

Rate of Change in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Is Associated With Death in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Identifying patients at risk of early death could allow for increased monitoring and more intensive therapy. Measures that associate with death could serve as surrogate outcomes in clinical trials.

Glycemic Control, Cognitive Aging, and Impairment Among Diverse Hispanic/Latino Individuals: Study of Latinos- Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos).

Objective: Hispanic/Latino individuals in the U.S. have the highest prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated diabetes and are at increased risk for cognitive impairment.

Intersectional stigma and the non-communicable disease syndemic in the context of HIV: protocol for a multisite, observational study in the USA.

Introduction: The increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia, presents key challenges to achieving optimal HIV care outcomes among ageing people living with HIV. These diseases are often comorbid and are exacerbated by psychosocial and structural inequities. This interaction among multiple health conditions and social factors is referred to as a syndemic.

Recommendations on fit-for-purpose criteria to establish quality management for microphysiological systems and for monitoring their reproducibility.

Cell culture technology has evolved, moving from single-cell and monolayer methods to 3D models like reaggregates, spheroids, and organoids, improved with bioengineering like microfabrication and bioprinting. These advancements, termed microphysiological systems (MPSs), closely replicate tissue environments and human physiology, enhancing research and biomedical uses. However, MPS complexity introduces standardization challenges, impacting reproducibility and trust.

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 S protein on the proteolytic cleavage of the epithelial Na+ channel ENaC.

Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Water accumulation in the lungs is thought to occur as consequence of an exaggerated inflammatory response. A possible mechanism could involve decreased activity of the epithelial Na+ channel, ENaC, expressed in type II pneumocytes.

Effective interventions in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Lifestyle choices, metformin, and dietary supplements may prevent GDM, but the effect of intervention characteristics has not been identified. This review evaluated intervention characteristics to inform the implementation of GDM prevention interventions.

Methods: Ovid, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched.

Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The PRESERVED-HF Trial.

Background: Although sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) improve heart failure (HF)-related symptoms and outcomes in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In HF with reduced EF, dapagliflozin altered ketone and fatty acid metabolites vs placebo; however, metabolite signatures of SGLT2is have not been well elucidated in HFpEF.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess whether SGLT2i treatment altered systemic metabolic pathways and their relationship to outcomes in HFpEF.

Racial Discrimination and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Black Adults.

Importance: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common health condition that predisposes individuals to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and disproportionately affects Black and other racially and ethnically minoritized people. Concurrently, Black individuals also report more exposure to racial discrimination compared with White individuals; however, the role of discrimination in the development of MetS over time and associated mediators in these pathways remain underexplored.

Objective: To evaluate the association between racial discrimination and MetS in rural Black individuals transitioning from late adolescence into early adulthood and to identify potential mediating pathways.

Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): human studies design and protocol.

Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. Although there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multicenter study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity.

The association of self-reported sleep and circadian measures with glycemic control and diabetes complications among young adults with type 2 diabetes.

We aim to examine the association of sleep duration, sleep quality, late chronotype, and circadian misalignment with glycemic control and risk of complications in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes followed in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study. Self-reported sleep duration, quality, timing, and circadian misalignment were assessed via a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and chronotype was assessed via the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). We examined diabetes complications including loss of glycemic control (defined as hemoglobin A1c ≥8%), hypertension, dyslipidemia, albuminuria, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Eligibility and Projected Benefits of Rapid Initiation of Quadruple Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure.

Background: U.S. nationwide estimates of the proportion of patients newly diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) eligible for quadruple medical therapy, and the associated benefits of rapid implementation, are not well characterized.

Evaluation of Primary Healthcare Centers' Service Availability and Readiness for Implementing Diabetes Care in Abuja, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional, Formative Assessment.

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are associated with a high and rising burden of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the leading causes of NCD-related deaths worldwide and is a foremost public health problem in Nigeria. As part of the National Multi-Sectoral Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs, Nigeria has committed to implementing the World Health Organization (WHO) Package of Essential NCD control interventions.

Association of cardiovascular health with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis progression among five racial and ethnic groups: The MASALA and MESA studies.

Background And Aims: South Asian adults (SA) are at higher risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Life's Simple 7 (LS7) is a guideline-recommended, cardiovascular health (CVH) construct to guide optimization of cardiovascular risk factors. We sought to assess if the LS7 metrics predict coronary artery calcium (CAC) incidence and progression in asymptomatic SA compared with four other racial/ethnic groups.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Predicted 30-Year Risk of Maternal Cardiovascular Disease 2-7 Years After Delivery.

Objective: To determine whether adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with a higher predicted 30-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD; ie, coronary artery disease or stroke).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the prospective Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study-Monitoring Mothers-to-Be Heart Health Study longitudinal cohort. The exposures were adverse pregnancy outcomes during the first pregnancy (ie, gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, preterm birth, and small- and large-for-gestational-age [SGA, LGA] birth weight) modeled individually and secondarily as the cumulative number of adverse pregnancy outcomes (ie, none, one, two or more).

Risk Factors for Incident Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diagnosis.

While highly prevalent, risk factors for incident polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are poorly delineated. Using a population-based cohort, we sought to identify predictors of incident PCOS diagnosis. A matched case-control analysis was completed utilizing patients enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Washington from 2006 to 2019.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Renal Insufficiency among Adults Living with HIV in Tanzania: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in 2020-2021.

With improved survival, adults living with HIV (ALHIV) are increasingly likely to experience age-related and HIV-related comorbidities, including renal insufficiency. Other risk factors for renal insufficiency (high blood pressure (BP), obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) are also growing more common among ALHIV. To determine the prevalence of renal insufficiency (defined as an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.

Prevalence trends and racial-ethnic disparities of diabetes and prediabetes among children and adolescents in the United States from 2019 to 2021.

Objective: This study investigated disparities in diabetes and prediabetes prevalence among US children and adolescents using 2019-2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. With rising trends in diabetes, understanding prevalence rates and associated disparities is crucial for targeted interventions.

Methods: Analyzing a cross-sectional sample of 19,490 participants aged 3-17, we employed NHIS data to calculate prevalence rates.

Lower Insulin Sensitivity Through 36 Months of Life With in Utero HIV and Antiretroviral Exposure in Botswana: Results From the Tshilo Dikotla Study.

Background: There are little data on changes in insulin sensitivity during the first few years of life following in utero human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) exposure.

Methods: The Tshilo Dikotla study enrolled pregnant persons with HIV (PWH) (receiving tenofovir/emtricitabine or lamivudine plus dolutegravir or efavirenz) and pregnant individuals without HIV, as well as their liveborn children. Newborns were randomized to receive either zidovudine (AZT) or nevirapine (NVP) postnatal prophylaxis.

Advanced Glycation Endproducts: A Marker of Long-term Exposure to Glycemia.

This article examines the importance of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and summarizes the structure of AGEs, pathological changes associated with AGEs, the contribution of AGEs to metabolic memory, and the value of AGEs as a predictor of diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease in people with and without diabetes. As a practical focus, skin autofluorescence (SAF) is examined as an attractive approach for estimating AGE burden. The measurement of AGEs may be of significant value to specific individuals and groups, including Black and Hispanic/Latino Americans, as they appear to have higher concentrations of hemoglobin A (HbA) than would be predicted by other metrics of mean glycemia.