Proteomic signature of HIV-associated subclinical left atrial remodeling and incident heart failure.

People living with HIV are at higher risk of heart failure and associated left atrial remodeling compared to people without HIV. Mechanisms are unclear but have been linked to inflammation and premature aging. Here we obtain plasma proteomics concurrently with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in two independent study populations to identify parallels between HIV-related and aging-related immune dysfunction that could contribute to atrial remodeling and clinical heart failure.

Subtypes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Are Differentially Associated With Newborn and Childhood Metabolic Outcomes.

Objective: Subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on insulin sensitivity and secretion have been described. We addressed the hypothesis that GDM subtypes are differentially associated with newborn and child anthropometric and glycemic outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: Newborn and child (age 11-14 years) outcomes were examined in 7,970 and 4,160 mother-offspring dyads, respectively, who participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study (HAPO) and Follow-Up Study.

Children's executive functioning and health behaviors across pediatric life stages and ecological contexts.

Executive functioning (EF) has been linked to chronic disease risk in children. Health behaviors are thought to partially explain this association. The current cross-sectional study evaluated specific domains of EF and varied health behaviors in three pediatric life stages.

The impact of common and rare genetic variants on bradyarrhythmia development.

To broaden our understanding of bradyarrhythmias and conduction disease, we performed common variant genome-wide association analyses in up to 1.3 million individuals and rare variant burden testing in 460,000 individuals for sinus node dysfunction (SND), distal conduction disease (DCD) and pacemaker (PM) implantation. We identified 13, 31 and 21 common variant loci for SND, DCD and PM, respectively.

Promotora intervention for metabolic and mental health to reduce type 2 diabetes risk: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel behavioral intervention (PRIME2) that integrates evidence-based approaches for reducing diabetes risk and perceived stress. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of the 16-session PRIME2 intervention vs. usual care among 40 Spanish-speaking Latinx adults with prediabetes and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m.

A prognostic molecular signature of hepatic steatosis is spatially heterogeneous and dynamic in human liver.

Hepatic steatosis is a central phenotype in multi-system metabolic dysfunction and is increasing in parallel with the obesity pandemic. We use a translational approach integrating clinical phenotyping and outcomes, circulating proteomics, and tissue transcriptomics to identify dynamic, functional biomarkers of hepatic steatosis. Using multi-modality imaging and broad proteomic profiling, we identify proteins implicated in the progression of hepatic steatosis that are largely encoded by genes enriched at the transcriptional level in the human liver.

The influence of early childhood education and care on the relation between early-life social adversity and children's mental health in the environmental influences for Child Health Outcomes Program.

Early adversity increases risk for child mental health difficulties. Stressors in the home environment (e.g.

Gaps and opportunities for measuring equity with the Translational Science Benefits Model: Recommendations from the Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Diabetes Translation Research.

Translational research needs to show value through impact on measures that matter to the public, including health and societal benefits. To this end, the Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) identified four categories of impact: Clinical, Community, Economic, and Policy. However, TSBM offers limited guidance on how these areas of impact relate to equity.

Multi-ancestry GWAS of severe pregnancy nausea and vomiting identifies risk loci associated with appetite, insulin signaling, and brain plasticity.

While most pregnancies are affected by nausea and vomiting, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is at the severe end of the clinical spectrum and is associated with dehydration, undernutrition, and adverse maternal, fetal, and child outcomes. Herein we performed a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy of 10,974 cases and 461,461 controls across European, Asian, African, and Latino ancestries. We identified ten significantly associated loci, of which six were novel (, , , , , and , and confirmed previous genome-wide significant associations with risk genes , , , and .

Tcf21 as a founder transcription factor in specifying Foxd1 cells to the juxtaglomerular cell lineage.

Renin is crucial for blood pressure regulation and electrolyte balance, and its expressing cells arise from Forkhead box D1-positive (Foxd1) stromal progenitors. However, factors guiding these progenitors toward renin-secreting cell fate remain unclear. Tcf21, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, is essential in kidney development.

Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement.

Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR) has emerged as a promising intervention for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation with complex valve morphology. This consensus document provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of orthotopic TTVR, focusing on patient selection, procedural details, and follow-up care. Clinical outcomes from initial studies and compassionate use cases are discussed, highlighting the effectiveness of TTVR in reducing tricuspid regurgitation, inducing reverse right ventricular remodeling, and enhancing patients' quality of life.

Four New Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Examining Health-Seeking Behavior in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (REDD-CAT): Instrument Development Study.

Background: The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes mastery of complex care activities, self-management skills, and routine health care encounters to optimize glucose control and achieve good health. Given the lifelong course of T2DM, patients are faced with navigating complex medical and disease-specific information. This health-seeking behavior is a driver of health disparities and is associated with hospitalization and readmission.

Disparities in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Among Patients Receiving Care in Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Importance: While continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been found to improve diabetes care processes and outcomes, adoption remains low.

Objective: To examine the association between CGM prescriptions and individual characteristics among patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D, respectively).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective cross-sectional study using electronic health record data for patients with T1D or T1D from 275 clinic sites nationwide between January 2014 and February 2021.

Diabetes Technology Use in Special Populations: A Narrative Review of Psychosocial Factors.

As diabetes technologies continue to advance, their use is expanding beyond type 1 diabetes to include populations with type 2 diabetes, older adults, pregnant individuals, those with psychiatric conditions, and hospitalized patients. This review examines the psychosocial outcomes of these technologies across these diverse groups, with a focus on treatment satisfaction, quality of life, and self-management behaviors. Despite demonstrated benefits in glycemic outcomes, the adoption and sustained use of these technologies face unique challenges in each population.

The diabetes cardiovascular outcomes trials and racial and ethnic minority enrollment: impact, barriers, and potential solutions.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects millions of individuals worldwide and is a well-documented risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease and chronic kidney disease, both of which are leading causes of mortality. Racial and ethnic minority groups in the US, including but not limited to Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic Black, and Southeast Asian individuals, are disproportionately burdened by both T2D and its adverse outcomes. In recent years, there have been numerous cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) on novel antidiabetic therapies, including the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Genetic Risk in Transthyretin V142I Carriers.

Background: Nearly 3% to 4% of Black individuals in the United States carry the transthyretin V142I variant, which increases their risk of heart failure. However, the role of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (RFs) in influencing the risk of clinical outcomes among V142I variant carriers is unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of CV RFs on the risk of heart failure in V142I carriers.

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Webinar Meeting Report.

The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) Webinar was co-hosted by Diabetes Technology Society and Kitalys Institute on August 8, 2024, with the goal of reviewing progress made in the measurement and use of AGEs in clinical practice. Meeting topics included (1) AGEs as predictors of diabetic nephropathy (DKD), (2) hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and the glycation gap (GG), (3) formation and structure of AGEs, (4) AGEs as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and (5) approaches to limit or prevent AGE formation.

APOA2 increases cholesterol efflux capacity to plasma HDL by displacing the C-terminus of resident APOA1.

The ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to promote cellular cholesterol efflux is a more robust predictor of cardiovascular disease protection than HDL-cholesterol levels in plasma. Previously, we found that lipidated HDL containing both apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) and A-II (APOA2) promotes cholesterol efflux via the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1). In the current study, we directly added purified, lipid-free APOA2 to human plasma and found a dose-dependent increase in whole plasma cholesterol efflux capacity.

Regulation of hepatic inclusions and fibrinogen biogenesis by SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD.

Impaired secretion of an essential blood coagulation factor fibrinogen leads to hepatic fibrinogen storage disease (HFSD), characterized by the presence of fibrinogen-positive inclusion bodies and hypofibrinogenemia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of fibrinogen in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remain unexplored. Here we uncover a key role of SEL1L-HRD1 complex of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) in the formation of aberrant inclusion bodies, and the biogenesis of nascent fibrinogen protein complex in hepatocytes.