Dynamics of Team-Based Learning in Molecular Biology: Insights and Reflections From Undergraduate Medical Students.

Objective: To investigate the dynamics of collaborative learning in team-based learning (TBL) through students' reflections and feedback.

Methods: A phenomenological mixed-methods approach was adopted where the survey and reflections were conducted concurrently after the TBL session and the results were analyzed. The study employed a mini-cluster technique to include all first-year MBBS students of batch 2023-24 with an age range between 19 and 22 years.

Modulation of Autophagy and Nitric Oxide Signaling via Glycyrrhizic Acid and 7-Nitroindazole in MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Model.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, Lewy body build-up, and motor dysfunction. One of the primary pathogenic mechanisms of PD development is autophagy dysfunction and nitric oxide-mediated neurotoxicity.

Purpose: The current study focuses on autophagy and nitric oxide (NO) signaling roles in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated PD mice and their protection by their modulators.

Advancements in bioengineered and autologous skin grafting techniques for skin reconstruction: a comprehensive review.

The reconstruction of complex skin defects challenges clinical practice, with autologous skin grafts (ASGs) as the traditional choice due to their high graft take rate and patient compatibility. However, ASGs have limitations such as donor site morbidity, limited tissue availability, and the necessity for multiple surgeries in severe cases. Bioengineered skin grafts (BSGs) aim to address these drawbacks through advanced tissue engineering and biomaterial science.

Microfluidic organ-on-chip systems for periodontal research: advances and future directions.

Advances in tissue engineering and microfluidic technologies have enabled the development of sophisticated models known as organ-on-a-chip (OoC) or microphysiological systems. These systems enable to potential to simulate the dynamic interactions between host tissues and their microenvironment including microbes, biomaterials, mechanical forces, pharmaceutical, and consumer-care products. These fluidic technologies are increasingly being utilized to investigate host-microbe and host-material interactions in oral health and disease.

Unlocking the therapeutic mechanism of : a comprehensive review of its antioxidant and anti-cancer properties, ethnopharmacology, and phytochemistry.

Herbal medicine are an invaluable reservoir of bioactive compounds, offering immense potential for novel drug development to address a wide range of diseases. Among these, has gained recognition for its historical medicinal applications and substantial therapeutic potential. This review explores the ethnopharmacological significance, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties of , with a particular focus on its anticancer activities.

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the colon arising from rare malignant transformation of extra-gonadal endometrioma.

Background: Endometriosis is a common condition with a rare malignant potential. We report a case of a patient with a colon mass who underwent surgery for malignant endometriosis associated cancer.Case: A 70-year-old woman with a pelvic mass who was lost to follow-up for 6 years represented with an enlarging pelvic mass involving the sigmoid colon.

Designing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against human rhinovirus C utilizing immunoinformatics approach.

Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) is a significant contributor to respiratory tract infections in children and is implicated in asthma exacerbations across all age groups. Despite its impact, there is currently no licensed vaccine available for HRV-C. Here, we present a novel approach to address this gap by employing immunoinformatics techniques for the design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine against HRV-C.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the heterogeneity and function of mast cells in human ccRCC.

Introduction: The role of mast cells (MCs) in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear, and comprehensive single-cell studies of ccRCC MCs have not yet been performed.

Methods: To investigate the heterogeneity and effects of MCs in ccRCC, we studied single-cell transcriptomes from four ccRCC patients, integrating both single-cell sequencing and bulk tissue sequencing data from online sequencing databases, followed by validation via spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC).

Results: We identified four MC signature genes (TPSB2, TPSAB1, CPA3, and HPGDS).

Restoring natural killer cell activity in lung injury with 1,25-hydroxy vitamin D: a promising therapeutic approach.

Background And Aim: NK cells and NK-cell-derived cytokines were shown to regulate neutrophil activation in acute lung injury (ALI). However, the extent to which ALI regulates lung tissue-resident NK (trNK) activity and their molecular phenotypic alterations are not well defined. We aimed to assess the impact of 1,25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 [1,125(OH)D] on ALI clinical outcome in a mouse model and effects on lung trNK cell activations.

Targeting immune cellular populations and transcription factors: unraveling the therapeutic potential of JQF for NAFLD.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the immune cell reservoir within the liver undergoes remodeling, exacerbating liver inflammation and potentially leading to liver fibrosis. Jiangtang Qingre Formula (JQF) is an effective prescription for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.

A potential therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis: targeted regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy through phytochemicals.

Mitochondria are important organelles that regulate cellular energy and biosynthesis, as well as maintain the body's response to environmental stress. Their dynamics and autophagy influence occurrence of cellular function, particularly under stressful conditions. They can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is a major contributor to inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC).

Case report: Reversible splenial lesion syndrome preceding the onset of multiple sclerosis.

Background: The reversible splenial lesion syndrome is frequently associated with systemic and central nervous system infections. Whether an infection associated with the occurrence of the reversible splenial lesion syndrome could play a role in the later development of multiple sclerosis is unknown.

Methods: Case Report.

Role of tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells in clinical immunotherapy of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and its treatment remains a significant challenge. In recent years, the role of various immune cells in the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and treatment has gained increasing attention. Immunotherapy, primarily based on immune checkpoint inhibitors, has notably improved the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer; however, challenges regarding therapeutic efficacy persist.

The combination treatment of RC48 and STAT3 inhibitor acts as a promising therapeutic strategy for basal bladder cancer.

As an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), disitamab vedotin (RC48) is a promising treatment targeting ERBB2 for locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer (BLCA). However, the subtype heterogeneity of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) often leads to different therapeutic outcomes. In our study, we aim to explore sensitivity differences and mechanisms of different molecular subtypes of MIBC to RC48 treatment and develop a strategy for combination therapy against cancer.

Tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density is a postoperative prognostic biomarker of hepatobiliary cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) could predict the survival of patients with hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP) cancers after radical resection.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception to July 31, 2024 for literature that reported the role of LVD in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with HBP cancers after radical resection.

Results: Ten studies with 761 patients were included for the meta-analysis.

Gαi1/3 signaling mediates IL-5-induced eosinophil activation and type 2 inflammation in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Uncontrolled severe eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) is associated with elevated levels of Th2 cells and raised immunoglobulin concentrations in nasal polyp tissue. eCRS is characterized by high eosinophilic infiltration and type 2 inflammation. Gαi1/3 proteins participate in allergic inflammation by regulating immune cells.

PANoptosis in intestinal epithelium: its significance in inflammatory bowel disease and a potential novel therapeutic target for natural products.

The intestinal epithelium, beyond its role in absorption and digestion, serves as a critical protective mechanical barrier that delineates the luminal contents and the gut microbiota from the lamina propria within resident mucosal immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The barrier is manifested as a contiguous monolayer of specialized intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), interconnected through tight junctions (TJs). The integrity of this epithelial barrier is of paramount.

Case report: A novel germline loss-of-function mutation in the STAT1 transactivation domain in two Chinese siblings, with the elder sibling presenting with multifocal Calmette-Guerin osteomyelitis.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gene mutations have broad clinical phenotypes, classified by the inheritance pattern and functional state. Individuals with autosomal dominant STAT1 deficiency are more susceptible to intracellular bacteria, the hallmark of which is Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMDs) that are associated with increased risks of invasive disease by weakly virulent mycobacteria. We report a novel heterozygous missense mutation in exon 23 of the STAT1 gene (NM_007315.

Multi-Institutional Comparison of Quality of Life Between Open Versus Endoscopic Skull Base Approaches.

Objectives: The primary objective of this prospective review was to compare quality of life between patients undergoing endoscopic and open skull base approaches.

Study Type And Design: Prospective Review.

Methods: Five centers recruited consecutive patients treated surgically for skull base neoplasms between 2012 to 2018.

Applications of MR Finger printing derived T1 and T2 values in Adult brain: A Systematic review.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for brain imaging, but conventional methods rely on qualitative contrast, are time-intensive, and prone to variability. Magnetic resonance finger printing (MRF) addresses these limitations by enabling fast, simultaneous mapping of multiple tissue properties like T1, T2. Using dynamic acquisition parameters and a precomputed signal dictionary, MRF provides robust, qualitative maps, improving diagnostic precision and expanding clinical and research applications in brain imaging.

A multi-patch-based deep learning model with VGG19 for breast cancer classifications in the pathology images.

Purpose: Breast cancer encompasses various subtypes with distinct prognoses, necessitating accurate stratification methods. Current techniques rely on quantifying gene expression in limited subsets. Given the complexity of breast tissues, effective detection and classification of breast cancer is crucial in medical imaging.

Chatbot-delivered mental health support: Attitudes and utilization in a sample of U.S. college students.

Objective: Chatbots' rapid advancements raise the possibility that they can be used to deliver mental health support. However, public utilization of and opinions toward chatbots for mental health support are poorly understood.

Methods: Survey study of 428 U.

Elafibranor: A promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis and gut barrier dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease.

This article discusses the recent study written by Koizumi . Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, which is driven by complex mechanisms, including lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses exacerbated by gut barrier dysfunction. The study explored the therapeutic potential of elafibranor, a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist.