Functional monocentricity with holocentric characteristics and chromosome-specific centromeres in a stick insect.

Centromeres are essential for chromosome segregation in eukaryotes, yet their specification is unexpectedly diverse among species and can involve major transitions such as those from localized to chromosome-wide centromeres between monocentric and holocentric species. How this diversity evolves remains elusive. We discovered within-cell variation in the recruitment of the major centromere protein CenH3, reminiscent of variation typically observed among species.

Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Cyclin switch tailors a cell cycle variant to orchestrate multiciliogenesis.

Meiosis, endoreplication, and asynthetic fissions are variations of the canonical cell cycle where either replication or mitotic divisions are muted. Here, we identify a cell cycle variantconserved across organs and mammals, where both replication and mitosis are muted, and that orchestrates the differentiation of post-mitotic progenitors into multiciliated cells (MCCs). MCC progenitors reactivate most of the cell cycle transcriptional program but replace the temporal expression of cyclins E2 and A2 with non-canonical cyclins O and A1.

Cyclin O controls entry into the cell-cycle variant required for multiciliated cell differentiation.

Multiciliated cells (MCCs) ensure fluid circulation in various organs. Their differentiation is marked by the amplification of cilia-nucleating centrioles, driven by a genuine cell-cycle variant, which is characterized by wave-like expression of canonical and non-canonical cyclins such as Cyclin O (CCNO). Patients with CCNO mutations exhibit a subtype of primary ciliary dyskinesia called reduced generation of motile cilia (RGMC).

Development of novel microsatellite marker sets for 5 common tropical hydrozoan species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Southwestern Indian Ocean.

Background: In the context of global change, coral reefs and their associated biodiversity are under threat. Several conservation strategies using population genetics have been explored to protect them. However, some components of this ecosystem are understudied, such as hydrozoans, an important class of benthic organisms worldwide.

Polymorphism in Genes Encoding HSP40 Family Proteins is Associated with Ischemic Stroke Risk and Brain Infarct Size: A Pilot Study.

Background: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a critical role in the molecular mechanisms of ischemic stroke (IS). A possible role for HSP40 family proteins in atherosclerosis progression has already been revealed; however, to date, molecular genetic studies on the involvement of genes encoding proteins of the HSP40 family in IS have not yet been carried out.

Aim: We sought to determine whether nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding HSP40 family proteins (, , , , and ) are associated with the risk and clinical features of IS.

Subseasonal Prediction of Heat-Related Mortality in Switzerland.

Heatwaves pose a range of severe impacts on human health, including an increase in premature mortality. The summers of 2018 and 2022 are two examples with record-breaking temperatures leading to thousands of heat-related excess deaths in Europe. Some of the extreme temperatures experienced during these summers were predictable several weeks in advance by subseasonal forecasts.

Participatory research in child psychology & psychiatry: Embracing untidiness to break new ground.

We are pleased to present our Special Issue on Participatory Research. In this editorial, we outline how the disability rights movement has been instrumental to the development of participatory approaches, before giving consideration to some of the debates and criticisms associated with participatory research in practice. We summarise the contributions offered by the studies within this issue and propose four areas of consideration, drawn from the body of included research, to inform future developments.

Association between atherosclerosis and the development of multi-organ pathologies.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the vascular system, characterised by the accumulation of modified lipoproteins, immune cell aggregation and the development of fibrous tissue within blood vessel walls. As atherosclerosis impacts blood vessels, its adverse effects may manifest across various tissues and organs. In this review, we examine the association of atherosclerosis with Alzheimer's disease, stroke, pancreatic and thyroid dysfunction, kidney stones and chronic kidney diseases.

Targeting autophagy plus high-dose CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced HR+HER2- breast cancer: A phase 1b/2 trial.

Background: The unmet needs of managing patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer who progress after cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) treatment remain unclarified.

Methods: This was a phase 1b/2, single-arm, open-label study that enrolled 29 patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer who experienced first-line palbociclib treatment failure. The primary endpoint was the incidence of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).

Nanopore Sequencing as a Cutting-Edge Technology for Medulloblastoma Classification.

Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most prevalent embryonal malignant brain tumors. Current classification organizes these tumors into four molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 MB). Recently, a comprehensive classification has been established, identifying numerous subtypes, some of which exhibit a poor prognosis.

Assessment of microvascular flow in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques using ultrasound localization microscopy.

Background: Neovascularisation of carotid plaques contributes to their vulnerability. Current imaging methods such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) usually lack the required spatial resolution and quantification capability for precise neovessels identification. We aimed at quantifying plaque vascularisation with ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) and compared the results to histological analysis.

-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder and Multiple Haemangiomas: A Novel Phenotypic Trait?

Background: Houge-Janssens syndrome 1 is a condition with onset in early childhood caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the gene, which encodes a B56 regulatory subunit of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). There is evidence that the PP2A-PPP2R5D complex is involved in regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathway, which is crucial for several cellular processes, including the pathogenesis and progression of haemangiomas.

Case Presentation: We report the first -related neurodevelopmental disorder case from Sardinia, a child with transient hypoglycaemia, facial dysmorphisms, and multiple haemangiomas.

Evaluation of Color Difference Models for Wide Color Gamut and High Dynamic Range.

Color difference models (CDMs) are essential for accurate color reproduction in image processing. While CDMs aim to reflect perceived color differences (CDs) from psychophysical data, they remain largely untested in wide color gamut (WCG) and high dynamic range (HDR) contexts, which are underrepresented in current datasets. This gap highlights the need to validate CDMs across WCG and HDR.

FeCl-Mediated Rearrangement of Aminoperoxides into Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans: Dynamic Non-innocence of O-Ligands at an Fe Center Coordinates a Radical Cascade.

The selective reaction of cyclic aminoperoxides with FeCl proceeds through a sequence of O-O and C-C bond cleavages, followed by intramolecular cyclization, yielding functionalized tetrahydrofurans in 44-82% yields. Replacing the peroxyacetal group in the peroxide structure with a peroxyaminal fragment fundamentally alters the reaction pathway. Instead of producing linear functionalized ketones, this modification leads to the formation of hard-to-access substituted tetrahydrofurans.

Interphase chromatin biophysics and mechanics: new perspectives and open questions.

The physical organization and properties of chromatin within the interphase nucleus are intimately linked to a wide range of functional DNA-based processes. In this context, interphase chromatin mechanics - that is, how chromatin, physically, responds to forces - is gaining increasing attention. Recent methodological advances for probing the force-response of chromatin in cellulo open new avenues for research, as well as new questions.

Chaperones vs. oxidative stress in the pathobiology of ischemic stroke.

As many proteins prioritize functionality over constancy of structure, a proteome is the shortest stave in the Liebig's barrel of cell sustainability. In this regard, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess abundant machinery supporting the quality of the proteome in healthy and stressful conditions. This machinery, namely chaperones, assists in folding, refolding, and the utilization of client proteins.

Basic ENT training for enhanced healthcare worker knowledge, attitudes and practices in a resource-limited setting: a pre-post and post-post cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Diagnostic errors in ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases are prevalent among healthcare workers (HCWs) in resource-limited settings, yet comprehensive data that describe HCW knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding ENT disease management remains scarce. Further, the impact of basic ENT training on HCW KAP in such settings is largely undetermined.

Objective: We assessed HCW KAP before and after basic training in ENT disease management.

Intensity correlations in the Wigner representation.

We derive a compact expression for the second-order correlation function [Formula: see text] of a quantum state in terms of its Wigner function, thereby establishing a direct link between [Formula: see text] and the state's shape in phase space. We conduct an experiment that simultaneously measures [Formula: see text] through direct photocounting and reconstructs the Wigner function via homodyne tomography. The results confirm our theoretical predictions.

Recent Updates on Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Molecular Approaches and Natural Bioactive Compounds Used in Contemporary Time to Alleviate Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterised by gradual memory loss and neurodegeneration, is an important risk to global health. Despite the recent advances in the field of neuroscience, the complex biological mechanisms underlying the aetiology and pathology of AD have not been elucidated yet. The development of amyloid-beta plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation have been identified as important components.

[Comment on the article "Successful treatment of severe purulent peritonitis against the background of intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome"].

Comment on the article "Successful treatment of severe purulent peritonitis against the background of intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome".

From Inverse-Cascade to Subdiffusive Dynamic Scaling in Driven Disordered Bose Fluids.

We explore the emergence of universal dynamic scaling in an interacting Bose gas around the condensation transition, under the combined influence of an external driving force and spatial disorder. As time progresses, we find that the Bose gas crosses over three distinct dynamical regimes: (i) an inverse turbulent cascade where interactions dominate the drive, (ii) a stationary regime where the inverse cascade and the drive counterbalance one other, and (iii) a sub-diffusive cascade in energy space governed by the drive and disorder, a phenomenon recently observed experimentally. We show that all three dynamical regimes can be described by self-similar scaling laws.