The impact of brain-systemic oxygenation coupling in sleep-disordered breathing on cognitive function in elderly.

Background: Intermittent hypoxia, a consequence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), may contribute to an increased risk of cognitive decline. However, the association between SDB and cognition remains highly variable.

Methods: Fifty-two community-dwelling healthy older adults (28 women) were recruited.

Association Between in vivo Tau Deposition in the Pedunculopontine Nucleus and REM Sleep Alterations in Non‐demented Older Adults.

Background: Rapid eye movement(REM) sleep alterations are increasingly recognized as an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease as well as Lewy body disease. The pedunculopontine nucleus(PPN), the main brain source of cholinergic innervation, is known to play an important role in the regulation of REM sleep and has been reported to be one of the early brainstem regions where hyperphosphorylated tau accumulates. Nevertheless, little information is available about the relationship between tau pathology in the PPN(PPN‐tau) and REM sleep disturbance.

Inflammatory and Redox Blood Gene Expression Fingerprint of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the sleep disorder most frequently found in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The intermittent hypoxia (IH) caused by OSA may participate in AD pathogenesis through increase in oxidative damage and inflammation. We aimed to identify inflammatory and redox genes differentially expressed in the blood from AD patients with severe OSA compared with those with nonsevere OSA.

Body mass index moderates the relationship between the apnea‐hypopnea index and CSF biomarker of activated microglia.

Background: Prior studies suggest that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, including Aβ42/Aβ40 and p‐Tau181. However, less is known about relationships between OSA and non‐AD pathology, including neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, chitinase 3‐like 1 (YKL40), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), as well as the effect of potential moderating factors. The present study investigated the relationship between the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD and related pathology.

Allergic rhinitis may attenuate the sympathovagal imbalances in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea: pilot study using a heart rate variability analysis.

Purpose: The effect of allergic rhinitis (AR) on autonomic nervous system in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear. We utilized heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to assess cardiac autonomic activity in patients with OSA, comparing those with and without allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods: We enrolled 182 patients who visited our sleep clinic complaining of habitual snoring or apnea during sleep.

Validation Against Polysomnography of a Transthoracic Impedance Sensor for Screening of Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure Patients: A Pooled Analysis of AIRLESS and UPGRADE.

Cardiac implantable electronic devices and their integrated thoracic impedance sensors have been used to detect sleep apnea for over a decade now. Despite their usage in daily clinical practice, there are only limited data on their diagnostic accuracy. AIRLESS and UPGRADE were prospective investigator-driven trials meant to validate the AP scan (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) in heart failure cohorts.

Sex Differences in Sleep Profiles and the Effect of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor on Sleep Quality in Adult People with Cystic Fibrosis: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background/objectives: Recent studies indicate that sleep and sleep disorders differ between men and women, but corresponding data in people with chronic lung diseases are lacking. This study aims to answer the question of what the sex-specific differences in sleep profiles and responses to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) therapy in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are.

Methods: Adult pwCF and a matched control group (adults with suspected sleep-disordered breathing undergoing in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG)) were included.

ICAM-1 K469E gene polymorphism, genotype-phenotype correlation, and retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Context: The role of genetic factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy is evident from the fact that only 50% of patients with the non-proliferative type of diabetic retinopathy progress to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Though the K469E polymorphism of the ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) gene is known to increase the risk of developing Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) among Type 2 diabetic patients, its role in the development of severe DR has not been extensively studied.

Aim: Hence, we aimed to determine the risk due to association of K469E polymorphism of ICAM-1 gene and sight threatening diabetic retinopathy.

Polysomnographic titration of non-invasive ventilation in motor neurone disease (3TLA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) uses positive pressure to assist people with respiratory muscle weakness or severe respiratory compromise to breathe. Most people use this treatment during sleep when breathing is most susceptible to instability. The benefits of using NIV in motor neurone disease (MND) are well-established.

Polydimethylsiloxane loaded capsaicin afflicts membrane integrity, metabolic activity and biofilm formation of nosocomial pathogens.

Biofilms constitute 80 % of all nosocomial infections associated with invasive medical devices. Polydimethylsiloxane, a highly elastic, inert, non-reactive, biocompatible silicone polymer is widely used as implant biomaterial due to its non-toxic and low-immunogenic nature. Owing to its hydrophobicity, PDMS suffers from microbial adhesion.

Unveiling End-of-Life Disparities in Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease: A 22-Year Analysis of the CDC-WONDER Database.

Background This research examines mortality patterns and the place of death in individuals with chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in the United States, aiming to identify demographic predictors for home or hospice death. Additionally, the study aims to uncover trends in mortality due to RHD and provide a predictive forecast. Methods The study utilized data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database, which spans 22 years (1999-2020), and was categorized based on place of death, including home or hospice care, inpatient, outpatient, or emergency room deaths, and nursing home facility deaths.

Detection of Movement and Lead-Popping Artifacts in Polysomnography EEG Data.

Polysomnography (PSG) measures brain activity during sleep via electroencephalography (EEG) using six leads. Artifacts caused by movement or loose leads distort EEG measurements. We developed a method to automatically identify such artifacts in a PSG EEG trace.

Reinforcement and characterization of biopolymer-rhamnolipid nanoparticles: Biocompatibility, in-vitro stability, physico-chemical, rheological and bioactive properties.

In the present study, biopolymer (chitosan and alginate)-reinforced rhamnolipid nanoparticles were prepared and represented as 'ALG-RHLP-NPs' and 'CHI-RHLP-NPs'. The sizes of the nanoparticles ranged from 150 to 300 nm. The encapsulation efficiencies of ALG-RHLP-NPs and CHI-RHLP-NPs were found to be 81.

Duration of "Good On" time per dose: Immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa vs. extended-release carbidopa-levodopa (IPX203, CREXONT®).

Background: For Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations, the duration of benefit per levodopa dose is a key metric that reflects a patient's clinical response.

Objective: Determine the difference in mean durations of "Good On" time per dose of subjects randomized to extended-release carbidopa-levodopa (ER CD-LD; IPX203; CREXONT®) vs. immediate-release (IR) CD-LD in the RISE-PD trial.

Tongue Ultrasonography in the Screening of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-Promising Potential for Overloaded Sleep Centers.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a frequently underdiagnosed sleep disorder marked by recurrent episodes of apnea and/or hypopnea during sleep, primarily resulting from the partial or complete collapse of the upper airway. OSAS significantly affects patients' health and quality of life. Additionally, it is a recognized risk factor for inducing microsleep episodes during daily activities, particularly in occupations such as professional driving, where sustained attention is critical.

Serum megalin levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus with and without cardiovascular disease.

Background: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP2), also called megalin, is a multi-ligand receptor of the LDL receptor gene family mediating reabsorption of ligands like Apo-A1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may possibly disrupt megalin functions as it is found to be regulated by insulin. This might cause cardiovascular complications due to derangement in lipoprotein metabolism.

Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels in Patients With Arthritis: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction Arthritis affects a significant number of adults in the United States, leading to pain and limited mobility. This study explores the impact of physical activity on patients with arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, and fibromyalgia. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), it examines how exercise may improve symptoms and quality of life for these patients.

Comparative analysis of sleep physiology using qualitative and quantitative criteria for insomnia symptoms.

Despite decades of research, defining insomnia remains challenging due to its complex and variable nature. Various diagnostic systems emphasize the chronic nature of insomnia and its impact on daily functioning, relying heavily on patient self-reporting due to limitations in objective measures like polysomnography (PSG). Discrepancies between subjective experiences and objective PSG results highlight the need for more nuanced approaches, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis, which reveals distinct patterns of high-frequency activity in individuals with insomnia.

Ebola Outbreak Response in the DRC with rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ring Vaccination.

Background: At the beginning of the 2018-2020 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), no vaccine had been licensed. However, cluster-randomized evidence from Guinea in 2015 had indicated that ring vaccination around new cases (targeting contacts and contacts-of-contacts) with the use of single-dose live-replicating rVSV-ZEBOV-GP vaccine reduced EVD rates starting 10 days after vaccination. Thus, ring vaccination was added to the standard control measures for that outbreak.

Assessing the impact of apnea duration on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and hearing loss.

Objectives: The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hearing loss (HL) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between OSA and HL, and to identify which factors play a key role.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 90 subjects diagnosed with OSA.

Screening moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea with wearable device.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder usually diagnosed through polysomnography (PSG). Moderate to severe OSA can significantly increase morbidity and mortality. Existing screening tools have limited accuracy.