Efficacy and Safety of Sulforaphane Added to Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

There are few established treatments for negative symptoms in schizophrenia, which persist in many patients after positive symptoms are reduced. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications involving histone deacetylase (HDAC) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Sulforaphane has antioxidant properties and is an HDAC inhibitor.

Responses of biological characteristics and detoxification enzymes in the fall armyworm to methoxyfenozide stress.

Methoxyfenozide is an insecticide with a unique mode of action on the insect ecdysone receptor and has been registered for the control of insect pests all over the world. In the present work, Spodoptera frugiperda was exposed to sublethal and lethal concentrations of methoxyfenozide to determine its impact on specific biological traits, metabolic enzyme activity, and the expression of detoxification enzymes. The result showed that 72-h posttreatment with LC50 and LC70 of methoxyfenozide significantly reduced the fecundity (eggs/female) of the F0 generation compared to those of the control group.

A Ring-Shaped Lithium Metal Anode Enables High-Performance All-Solid-State Batteries Revealed by In Situ L-Band EPR Imaging.

In traditional operations of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs), a small thin lithium metal circular disk is employed as a lithium metal anode (LMA). However, ASSLMBs with a circular-disk LMA often fail in <150 cycles with low capacity retention. In this work, we developed a new ring-shaped LMA to improve cyclability.

Effect of 3D Cornflower-like MoS-Assisted Peroxymonosulfate Process on Pesticide Removal and Aroma Quality Retaining for Tomato Fruits.

The application of neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) increases the potential exposure risks and has an impact on the aroma quality of tomato fruits. Here, 3D cornflower-like MoS (MoS-CF) was fabricated to directly activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for fast removal of three typical NEOs. The 3D MoS-CF catalyst achieved over 96.

Metal-organic frameworks encapsulating gold nanoclusters and carbon dots for ratiometric fluorescent detection of formaldehyde in real food samples, construction materials and indoor environments.

A novel fluorescence sensing nanoplatform (CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8) encapsulating carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) within a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was developed for ratiometric detection of formaldehyde (FA) in the medium of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NHOH·HCl). The nanoplatform exhibited pink fluorescence due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect of AuNCs and the internal filtration effect (IFE) between AuNCs and CDs. Upon reaction between NHOH·HCl and FA, a Schiff base formed via aldehyde-diamine condensation, releasing hydrochloric acid.

Mechanistic Insights into the Effects of Aged Polystyrene Nanoplastics on the Toxicity of Cadmium to Triticum Aestivum.

The widespread concern over nanoplastics (NPs) has prompted extensive research into their environmental impact. Concurrently, the study examined the combined toxicity of PS NPs and cadmium (Cd) on wheat. As indicated by the results of in situ Micro-ATR/FTIR, the aging process of PS NPs (50 nm) led to an increase in carbonyl and hydroxyl groups on their surface, enhancing hydrophilicity and consequently, the adsorption capacity for Cd.

An ultrasensitive colorimetric/fluorescent/photothermal sensing platform for the detection of D-amino acids based on carbon dots nanozymes with enhanced peroxidase-like activity.

Based on the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of carbon dots nanozymes (CDszymes), with a specific oxidation reaction of D-amino acid oxidase catalysing the formation of HO from D-amino acid, an ultrasensitive sensing platform, was constructed for the quantitative detection of D-amino acids in saliva. With the increase of D-amino acids concentration, the blue color of catalytic product gradually deepend, the fluorescence CDszymes gradually quenched, and the temperature gradually increased. Using D-alanine as D-amino acid models, the detection limits of D-alanine in colorimetric/photothermal/fluorescent mode were 0.

Bioactive Silk Cryogel Dressing with Multiple Physical Cues to Control Cell Migration and Wound Regeneration.

Introducing multiple physical cues to control cell behaviors effectively is considered as a promising strategy in developing bioactive wound dressings. Silk nanofiber-based cryogels are developed to favor angiogenesis and tissue regeneration through tuning hydrated state, microporous structure, and mechanical property, but remained a challenge to endow with more physical cues. Here, β-sheet rich silk nanofibers are used to develop cryogels with nanopore structure.

Highly Efficient and Stable CsPbI Perovskite Quantum Dots Light-Emitting Diodes Through Synergistic Effect of Halide-Rich Modulation and Lattice Repair.

Currently, CsPbI quantum dots (QDs) based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are not well suited for achieving high efficiency and operational stability due to the binary-precursor method and purification process, which often results in the nonstoichiometric ratio of Cs/Pb/I. This imbalance leads to amounts of iodine vacancies, inducing severe non-radiative recombination processes and phase transitions of QDs. Herein, red-emitting CsPbI QDs are reported with excellent optoelectronic properties and stability based on the synergistic effects of halide-rich modulation passivation and lattice repair.

Synergistic Enhancement of Ligand & Cluster Connectivity to Construct Highly Stable Fluorescein-Based MOFs with Thickened Channel Walls for Boosting Photocatalytic Activity.

Fabricating visible-light-responsive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high stability and effective catalytic functionality remains a long-term pursuit yet a great challenge. Herein, a strategy of increasing ligand and cluster connectivity is developed to construct highly stable fluorescein MOFs, La-CFL, presenting a new (4,8)-connected topological structure compared to Cd-FL constructed using 6-connected dinuclear clusters and 3-connected tritopic ligands. La(CFL) containers like Chinese "Ritual Wine Vessels (Jue)" resemble linear arrangements interconnected by the [La(COO)] clusters.

Recent Advances in Structural Design of Carbon/Magnetic Composites and their Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Applications.

Electromagnetic pollution protection and military stealth technologies underscore the urgent need to develop efficient electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials (EWAMs). Traditional EWAMs suffer from single absorption loss mechanisms, poor impedance matching, and weak reflection loss. To date, combining dielectric loss with magnetic loss in EWAMs have proven to be an effective approach to enhancing electromagnetic absorption performance.

Designing Fluorescent Interfaces at Hotspots in a Plasmonic Nanopore for Homologous Optoelectronic Sensing.

In this work, a site-selective functionalization strategy is proposed for modifying fluorescent dyes in the plasmonic nanopore, which highlights building optoelectronic dual-signal sensing interfaces at "hotspots" locations to construct multiparameter detection nanosensor. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirmed the high-intensity electromagnetic field due to plasmonic nanostructure. It is demonstrated that adjusting the distance between the nanopore inner wall and fluorophore prevented the fluorescence quenching, resulting in more than a thirty fold fluorescence enhancement.

Consumption of oleogel alleviates lipid metabolism disorders in high-fat diet-fed rats by inhibiting LPS-induced gut microbiota-mediated inflammation.

This study investigated the effect of oleogel consumption on lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Male SD rats received either a control diet or high-fat diets for six weeks. The high-fat diets included a regular high-fat diet and high-fat diets in which lard was replaced with pure sunflower oil, un-gelled sunflower oil containing a dispersed gelator, or gelled sunflower oil with the gelator (oleogel).

Acid-Triggered Cascaded Responsive Supramolecular Peptide Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia‒Reperfusion Injury by Restoring Redox Homeostasis and Protecting Mitochondrial Function.

Redox imbalance, including excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and insufficient endogenous antioxidant capacity, is the primary cause of myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the exploration of reducing myocardial I/R injury, it is found that protecting myocardial mitochondrial function after reperfusion not only reduces ROS bursts but also inhibits cell apoptosis triggered by the release of cytochrome c. Additionally, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered a potential therapeutic target for treating myocardial I/R injury by enhancing the cellular antioxidant capacity through the induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.

Modification at ITO/NiO Interface with MoS Enables Hole Transport for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) utilizing nickel oxide (NiO) as hole transport material have made great progress, driven by improvements in materials and interface engineering. However, challenges remain due to the low intrinsic conductivity of NiO and inefficient hole transport. In this study, we introduced MoS nanoparticles at the indium tin oxide (ITO) /NiO interface to enhance the ITO surface and optimize the deposition of NiO, resulting in increased conductivity linked to a ratio of Ni:Ni.

Glycosylation profiling of monkeypox virus structural proteins with poly Ser-Arg materials.

Although the glycosylation of viral proteins plays a critical role in the process of viral invasion into host cells, studies on the glycosylation of monkeypox virus (MPXV) structural proteins have not yet been reported. To investigate the importance of MPXV protein glycosylation, poly Ser-Arg (poly SR) materials capable of simultaneously enriching both -glycopeptides and -glycopeptides were synthesized by surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization. The poly SR materials were evaluated using the digest mixture of standard proteins containing bovine fetuin and bovine serum albumin, and the digest of complex biological samples including bovine sperm tail lysate, mouse sperm tail lysate, mouse brain lysate, and human serum.

Multi-Vortex Regulation in a Simple Semicircular Microchannel with Ordered Micro-Obstacles for High-Throughput Buffer Exchange.

Microfluidics is an emerging technology for buffer exchange in bioprocessing applications. However, achieving buffer exchange with simplicity of operation and high throughput in a straightforward channel design remains a challenge. This study presents a novel semicircular microchannel design that allows for the deterministic regulation of helical and Dean vortices through geometric confinement.

Continuous Abrupt Vegetation Shifts in the Global Terrestrial Ecosystem.

Previous studies have primarily focused on single abrupt shifts; however, the actual ecosystem will experience continuous abrupt shifts (CAS), including different directions shifts (DDS) and same direction shifts (SDS). The patterns and drivers of these CAS remain unclear. We examined the patterns of the DDS and SDS by two vegetation datasets and then tested climate drivers comprising atmospheric temperature (MAT), atmospheric precipitation (MAP), soil temperature (ST) and soil water content (SW); finally, hysteresis effects were examined with reference to principal drivers.

A high-contrast NIR excitation probe for monitoring Cu in the endoplasmic reticulum for synergistic cuproptosis and ferroptosis anticancer therapy.

Currently, the study of cuproptosis focuses on the Cu-induced morphology changes in mitochondria (Mito), and the observation of the effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related Cu content on cuproptosis is relatively lacking. Herein, we have developed a hydroxyflavone (HF)-based NIR excited two-photon fluorescent probe, BHCO, that exhibits specific recognition of Cu with high resolution. BHCO-Cu (Cu2BC) can lead to DLAT protein aggregation, triggering cuproptosis.

Molecular Fragmentation and Recombination for the Synthesis of GFP Chromophore Analogues.

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophores are widely studied as fluorescent moieties for sensing and imaging applications. Herein, we present a straightforward synthetic strategy that involves the reaction of glycine amides with 1,3-diketones to form imidazolones through an unusual molecular fragmentation and recombination pathway. Mechanistic investigations, including crossover experiments, inspired a competing strategy that incorporates exogenous ketones into the products, yielding fluorescent GFP chromophore analogues.

Sprayable Hydrogel for pH-Responsive Nanozyme-Derived Bacteria-Infected Wound Healing.

Long-term inflammation and persistent bacterial infection are primary contributors to unhealed chronic wounds. The use of conventional antibiotics often leads to bacteria drug resistance, diminishing wound healing effectiveness. Nanozymes have become a promising alternative to antimicrobial materials due to their low cost, easy synthesis, and good stability.

Enhanced room temperature ammonia gas sensing based on a multichannel PSS-functionalized graphene/PANI network.

Disordered polymerization of polymers widens the polymerization degree distribution, which leads to uncontrollable thickness and significantly weakens their sensing performance. Herein, poly(sodium -styrenesulfonate)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PSS-rGO) with multichannel chain structures coated with thin polyaniline layer (PSS-rGO/PANI) nanocomposites was synthesized a facile interfacial polymerization route. The morphology and microstructure of the PSS-rGO/PANI nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Photoinduced Difluoromethylation Cyclization to Generate Medium-Sized Difluoro-benzo[]azepines.

Compared with the energetically favorable 5- or 6-membered fluoro-functionalized heterocycles, the construction of medium-sized fluoro-heterocycles is relatively under-researched because of their inherently unfavorable enthalpic and entropic nature. Based on rational design and DFT calculations, a novel photocatalytic difluoromethyl radical-initiated intramolecular 7--trig cyclization was realized, thus affording a sustainable route for the synthesis of challenging fluoro-functionalized medium-sized -heterocycles. Depending on atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld population (ADCH) charge calculations, the chemoselective 6--trig radical cyclizations were further replenished.