Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp to sp and to sp.

Regulating carbon hybridization states lies at the heart of engineering carbon materials with tailored properties but orchestrating the sequential transition across three states has remained elusive. Here, we visiualize stepwise evolution in carbon hybridizations from sp³ to sp² and to sp states via dehydrogenation and elimination reactions of methylcyano-functionalized molecules on surfaces. Utilizing scanning probing microscopy, we distinguish three distinct carbon-carbon bond types within polymers induced by annealing at elevated temperatures.

Melanoma bone metastasis-induced osteocyte ferroptosis via the HIF1α-HMOX1 axis.

Osteocytes are the main cells in mineralized bone tissue. Elevated osteocyte apoptosis has been observed in lytic bone lesions of patients with multiple myeloma. However, their precise contribution to bone metastasis remains unclear.

Adjusting TADF and Phosphorescence for Tailored Dynamic Time-Dependent Afterglow Colored Carbon Dots spanning Full Visible Region.

Time-dependent afterglow colored (TDAC) behavior differs from static afterglow by involving wavelength changes, enabling low-cost, high-level encryption and anti-counterfeiting. However, the existing carbon dot (CD)-based TDAC materials lack a clear mechanistic explanation and controllable wavelength changes, significantly hindering the progress of practical applications in this field. In this study, we synthesized CDs composites with customizable tunable TDAC wavelengths across the visible region.

Secure synchronization control for complex dynamic networks with event-triggered communication strategy under multi-channel denial-of-service attacks.

This article addresses the secure synchronization problem for complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with observer-based event-triggered communication strategy (ETCS) under multi-channel denial-of-service attacks (MCDSAs). Due to external environmental interference, the observers are designed to accurately estimate the state of the network systems. Meanwhile, the impact of cyber attacks on system security is considered.

Accelerating Tumor Immunotherapy Through a Synergistic Strategy of Increasing Throttle and Relaxing Brake.

Tumor immunotherapy has been widely used clinically, but it is still hindered by weak antitumor immunity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a kind of simple disodium hydrogen phosphate nanoparticle (Na2HPO4 NP) is prepared to "accelerate" tumor immunotherapy by "increasing throttle" and "relaxing brake" simultaneously. The obtained Na2HPO4 NPs release a large amount of Na+ and HPO42- ions within tumor cells, thereby activating the caspase 1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis pathway to achieve immune activation.

VPS13D-related disorders: a severe case, review, and genotype-phenotype correlation.

Background: -related disorders are autosomal recessive genetic disorders characterized by movement disorders primarily including ataxia and spasticity, mainly accompanying developmental delay, seizures, and neuroimaging abnormalities. -related spectrum disorder (VSD) may better reflect the characteristics of the disease. So far, the relationship of genotype and phenotype of VSD has not been established.

PPDock: Pocket Prediction-Based Protein-Ligand Blind Docking.

Predicting the docking conformation of a ligand in the protein binding site (pocket), i.e., protein-ligand docking, is crucial for drug discovery.

Tetrahedral AlO Cage: A Superchalcogen Atom.

Superatoms are stable clusters that mimic the chemical behavior of individual atoms in the periodic table. Many endeavors have been devoted to the design and characterization of various superatoms, while engineering superatoms to mimic the chemistry of chalcogens remains a challenge. In this paper, we present a new superchalcogen by evaluating a hollow tetrahedral AlO cluster with theoretical calculations.

Roles of the CDCA gene family in breast carcinoma.

Cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) genes are dysregulated in carcinomas. Our study aims to identify similarities and differences of the clinical roles of CDCAs in breast cancer (BRCA) and to explore their potential mechanisms. In GEPIA, compared to normal tissues, expressions of CDCAs were higher in BRCA and sub-types.

Inhibition of Kv1.1 channels ameliorates Cu(II)-induced microglial activation and cognitive impairment in mice.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a critical role in neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Evidence shows that voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels regulate microglial activation. We previously reported that copper dyshomeostasis causes neuronal injury via activating microglia.

Synthesis of an efficient demulsifier derived from cotton cellulose and its demulsification performance in oily wastewater.

Substantial amounts of oily wastewater are inevitably generated during petroleum extraction and petrochemical production, and the effective treatment of these O/W emulsions is crucial for environmental protection and resource recovery. The development of an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and efficient demulsifier that operates effectively at low concentrations remains a significant challenge. This study introduces an eco-friendly ionic liquid demulsifier, Cotton Cellulose-Dodecylamine (CCDA), which demonstrates exceptional demulsification performance at low concentrations.

Moderately mechanically activated starch in improving protein digestibility: Application in noodles.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of protein digestibility improvement by exploring the changes in structural characteristics of proteins in noodles with varying levels of mechanically activated starch. Therefore, different levels of mechanically activated wheat starch were mixed with refined wheat flour to produce noodles. Results showed that moderately mechanically activated starch could significantly improve protein digestibility and noodles containing 8.

Nanocellulose composites based on embedded europium-containing coordination polymers for the detection of antibiotics.

Developing sensitive and reliable methods for detecting antibiotics in water solutions is essential for protecting public health and the environment. Here, we report a novel fluorescent film with superior mechanical properties and detection response to ciprofloxacin (CIP), achieved through the in-situ growth of europium-based metal-organic frameworks on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF). Firstly, Eu(III) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA) served as precursors, and a simple self-assembly strategy was employed to grow the composite film material (Eu-DPA@TOCNF) in situ on TOCNF, which exhibited characteristic emission peaks.

A novel lncRNA PDG1 targets NADP-ME to modulate TCA cycle and JH in Aspongopus chinensis diapause.

Diapause is essential for insect survival under adverse environmental conditions and plays a crucial role in regulating reproduction. However, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of lncRNAs in the diapause of Aspongopus chinensis.

Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the fluorescent probe detection of microcystin-LR and its binding with CT-DNA.

Cyanobacteria blooms are concerning due to algal toxins like microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR). Despite progress in detecting MC-LR and understanding its toxic effects, including calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) damage, the mechanisms for fluorescent probe detection of MC-LR and its binding to CT-DNA are poorly understood. In this study, we designed three fluorescent probes for MC-LR detection.

Polydopamine-assisted ion-mediated hyaluronic acid grafting for effective construction of hemocompatible platform with cancer cell recognition.

Surfaces capable of specific biomolecule recognition are essential for cancer theranostics, biosensing, and tissue engineering. However, current grafting methods, critical for dictating the recognition efficiency and biocompatibility of biomaterials, especially hydrophilic polymers, struggle to balance high grafting density with ease of implementation. In pursuit of a simple, effective, and versatile solution, we introduced a polydopamine (PDA)-assisted Ca-mediated grafting strategy using hyaluronic acid (HA) as a model material.

Structural characteristics of a heteropolysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum and its protective effect against Alzheimer's disease via modulating the microbiota-gut-metabolomics.

Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), whose main active ingredient is polysaccharides. A heteropolysaccharide named GLPZ-1 was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. GLPZ-1 (6.

A novel method for the rapid determination of phenolic compounds based on the nanozyme with laccase-like activity.

Phenolic compounds are prevalent in domestic and industrial effluents, leading a serious environmental hazard. Paper-based analysis device mediated by nanozymes has shown great potential in portable visual determination of phenolic compounds in the environment. In this work, we used nicotinic acid derivatives such as pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylnicotinic acid and 2-aminonicotinic acid by coordinating copper (II) acetate monohydrate coordination to obtain Cu2-COOHNA, Cu2-CHNA, Cu2-ANA nanozymes with laccase-activity.

Deciphering intricate associations between vigorous development and novel metabolic preferences of partial denitrification/anammox granular consortia within mainstream municipal wastewater.

There is limited understanding of the granular partial denitrification/anammox (PD/A) microbiota and metabolic hierarchy specific to municipal wastewater treatment, particularly concerning the multi-mechanisms of functional differentiation and granulation tendencies under high-loading shocks. Therefore, this study utilized fragmented mature biofilm as the exclusive inoculum to rapidly establish a granular PD/A system. Following long-term feeding with municipal wastewater, PD/A process reached a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 97.

Changes in methanogenic performance and microbial community during gradual transition from co-digestion with food waste to mono-digestion of rice straw.

This study investigated the performance and phase-specific characteristics of mesophilic co-digestion of food waste (FW) with rice straw (RS) at different RS proportions (40 %, 60 %, and 80 %), as well as mono-digestion of RS. The system achieved optimal performance at 40 % RS content, with a methane yield of 383.8 mL/g-VS and cellulose removal efficiency exceeding 75 %.

Characteristics of fecal mycobiota and bacteriota in laying hens during different laying periods.

Mycobiota represents an important component of the gut microbiome in poultry and plays important roles in host nutrition and metabolism. However, the understanding of gut mycobiota in laying hens during the production cycle is limited. The present study aimed to characterize the structure and diversity of fecal mycobiota and bacteriota and examine the interplays between both microbial communities in laying hens during different laying periods.

Virulence expression difference to intestinal cells of different pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes contaminating sausages after simulated digestive tract.

This study investigated the difference in survival among Listeria monocytogenes (LM) 10403S (highly pathogenic strain) and M7 (low pathogenic strain) in sausage under a simulated digestive environment, and established intestinal organoids and macrophages co-culture model to further explore the virulence expression difference to intestinal cells between LM 10403S and M7 after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Results showed that, compared with LM M7, LM 10403S exhibited a high survival rate during in vitro digestion, which may be due to the increased expression of stress response-related genes. In addition, the expression of virulence genes in LM 10403S was significantly higher than in LM M7 under the gastrointestinal environment.

Neurophysiological data augmentation for EEG-fNIRS multimodal features based on a denoising diffusion probabilistic model.

Background And Objective: The hybrid brain computer interfaces (BCI) combining electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have attracted extensive attention for overcoming the decoding limitations of the single-modality BCI. With the deepening application of deep learning approaches in BCI systems, its significant performance improvement has become apparent. However, the scarcity of brain signal data limits the performance of deep learning models.

DIFLF: A domain-invariant features learning framework for single-source domain generalization in mammogram classification.

Background And Objective: Single-source domain generalization (SSDG) aims to generalize a deep learning (DL) model trained on one source dataset to multiple unseen datasets. This is important for the clinical applications of DL-based models to breast cancer screening, wherein a DL-based model is commonly developed in an institute and then tested in other institutes. One challenge of SSDG is to alleviate the domain shifts using only one domain dataset.

Optimizing low-temperature CO oxidation under realistic combustion conditions: The impact of CeO morphology on Au/CeO catalysts.

The development of carbon monoxide oxidation catalysts for complex gas environments faces significant challenges in fire scenarios. Only a few representative gases are used as interfering components in simulated real smoke under laboratory conditions, which cannot accurately reflect the performance of catalysts in a real fire. Herein, Au/CeO catalysts with high activity were prepared by adjusting the morphology (rod, cube, polyhedron and irregular particles) and exposed crystal surface ratio of CeO.