LILRB4 as a novel immunotherapeutic target for multiple diseases.

Immune checkpoints are critical for maintaining autoimmune homeostasis and are implicated in various autoimmune diseases, with their significance increasingly recognized. Investigating the functions and mechanisms of these checkpoints is essential for the development of more effective treatments. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 (LILRB4) stands out as a unique immune checkpoint, with limited expression in most normal tissues but prominent presence in various hematological and solid tumors.

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Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a proglucagon-derived peptide released by intestinal endocrine cells. However, its therapeutic potential is limited by rapid inactivation via dipeptidyl peptidase-IV. The elucidation of three-dimensional structures of G-protein-coupled receptors, including GLP-2 receptor, has facilitated the rational design of novel peptide therapeutics.

Ribosomal protein L6 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating FBXO22-mediated p53 degradation.

The ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) is significant in the progression of different cancer types. However, its precise role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This research demonstrated that the expression levels of RPL6 are notably decreased in HCC tissues.

LCAT Deficiency Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Lenvatinib Resistance by Promoting Triglyceride Catabolism and Fatty Acid Oxidation.

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), a crucial enzyme in lipid metabolism, plays important yet poorly understood roles in tumours, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, our investigation revealed that LCAT is a key downregulated metabolic gene and an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Functional experiments showed that LCAT inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

Picoxystrobin causes mitochondrial dysfunction in earthworms by interfering with complex enzyme activity and binding to the electron carrier cytochrome c protein.

Picoxystrobin (PICO) poses a great threat to earthworms due to its widespread use in agriculture and its stability in soil. Mitochondria may be a sensitive target organ for the toxic effects of PICO on worms. Therefore, evaluating the effect of PICO on mitochondria can further understand the toxic mechanism of PICO to earthworms.

High-fat diet and neuroinflammation: the role of mitochondria.

In recent years, increasing evidence has supported that high-fat diet (HFD) can induce the chronic, low-grade neuroinflammation in the brain, which is closely associated with the impairment of cognitive function. As the key organelles responsible for energy metabolism in the cell, mitochondria are believed to involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders. This review summarizes the current progress in the field of the relationship between HFD exposure and neurodegenerative diseases, and outline the major routines of HFD induced neuroinflammation and its pathological significance in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

A preliminary study of combined toxicity and underlying mechanisms of imidacloprid and cadmium coexposure using a multiomics integration approach.

Imidacloprid (IMI) and cadmium (Cd) have been shown to be harmful to mammals separately, but their combined toxicity to mammals remains largely unknown. In this study, biochemical analysis (oxidative stress and serum indicators of liver and kidney function), pathological sections and multiomics (metabolomics and transcriptomics) methods were used to investigate the changes and mechanisms of liver and kidney in mice coexposed to IMI and Cd. Biochemical analysis and pathological section results showed that oxidative stress, organ function, and cell damage were aggravated after the combination of the two methods.

How to combine SBR and A/O process for pollutant removal in treating digested effluent of swine wastewater.

To solve the problem of low chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N and poor efficiency of single-stage sequencing batch reactor (SBR) or anoxic/oxic process (A/O) in treatment of digested effluent of swine wastewater, combined SBR-A/O and A/O-SBR processes were employed in the addition ratios of 0, 10%, 30%, and 40% (V/V)) of raw swine wastewater (RS). Analysis of pollutants removal performance of SBR-A/O and A/O-SBR systems showed no significant difference between the two systems without RS addition. However, after adding RS, the pollutants removal efficiency of the two systems increased with the increase in the ratio of RS, with SBR-A/O system presenting better pollutants removal performance than A/O-SBR system.

Elucidating molecular characteristics of organic compounds during ozone micro-bubbles treatment based on GC × GC-QTOF-MS and non-targeted analysis.

The ozone micro-bubbles (OCBs) technology is increasingly gaining traction as a promising alternative method for organic compounds removal in wastewater. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of literature addressing the molecular-level transformation of organic compounds during OCBs treatment. In this work, the secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant was treated with ozone milli-bubbles (OLBs) and OCBs, and the fate of organic compounds at the molecular level was investigated using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QTOF-MS).

Slow sand filters with variable filtration rates for rainwater purification: Microecological differences between biofilm and water phases.

Slow sand filters (SSFs) have been increasingly applied to rainwater purification in recent years, but the response of SSFs to fluctuating rainfall, as well as the biofilm- and water-phase microecology in SSFs are still poorly understood. This study systematically evaluated the rainwater purification performance of SSFs and compared the bacterial community structure, assembly processes and molecular ecological interactions between the biofilm and water phases. The activated carbon and activated alumina filters exhibited the best performance for NH-N (18.

Effects of hydrodynamic cavitation combined with snail enzyme treatment on the structure and functional properties of water-soluble dietary fiber in rice husks.

In this study, we adopted the synergistic modification technology of hydrodynamic cavitation and snail enzyme, to improve the yield and activity of soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) of rice husk. The physicochemical properties, structural changes, and inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase of SDFs were examined in vitro. This synergistic treatment significantly increased the yield of SDFs to 18.

Evaluation of the genetic diversity and population structure of 5 pheasant breeds in Shanghai.

The genetics of pheasant breeds in Chinese farms has not been investigated yet. Understanding their genetic diversity and population structure is important for future advancements in pheasant breeding. In this study, the whole-genome resequencing was used to analyze a total of 352 samples from 5 pheasant species (American pheasant, White pheasant, Green pheasant, Shenhong pheasant, and Fengxian blue pheasant).

Improving synergistic effects within metal-organic framework by modulating structural interpenetration for boosted photocatalytic peroxydisulfate activation.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown significant potential in the photocatalytic activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS). Although many MOFs have been investigated for their ability to activate PDS, the impact of structural interpenetration on this process remains underexplored. In this study, MIL-88D(FeNi) and MIL-126(FeNi) were selected to systematically study this effect.

Bifunctional lignin-based hydrogel membrane with enhanced structural stability for synergistic uranium uptake.

Developing biomass-based adsorbents with superior uranium uptake performance is imperative yet challenging for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Herein, we constructed a novel lignin-based adsorbent (DLP@PAO) with dual functional groups and enhanced structural stability via ingenious integration of lignin and polyamidoxime. The two-step modification strategy was innovatively employed to phosphorylate lignin, significantly enhancing the phosphorylation efficiency and achieving an over eight-fold increase in the U(VI) uptake capacity of lignin.

Construction of NiP/WS/CoWO@C multi-heterojunction electrocatalysis derived from heterometallic clusters for superior overall water splitting.

The reasonable design of an economical and robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is both essential but challenging. Herein, we synthesized a multi-interfacial NiP/WS/CoWO@C hybrid electrocatalyst devived from the heterometallic clusters [Co(TC4A)(WO)Cl][HPWO], in which NiP was incorporated into WS/CoWO@C nanosheets via interfacial interactions by in situ phosphorization processes. Theoretical calculations revealed that moderate electron transfer from CoWO and NiP to WS induced by the multi-heterojunction significantly regulate the binding energies of the reactive intermediates, thus enhacing its intrinsic activity.

Type II/Schottky heterojunctions-triggered multi-channels charge transfer in Pd-TiO-CuO hybrid promotes photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Rapid charge recombination, limited light response, and slow surface reactions were observed in the photocatalysts, thereby limiting their future-oriented applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting. Constructing a multi-channel charge separation photocatalysis system could solve those questions. In this study, Pd-TiO-CuO composites were successfully accomplished via a facile chemical reduction method.

Using machine learning to predict selenium content in crops: Implications for soil health and agricultural land utilization in longevity regions.

Selenium (Se) is an indispensable trace element to human health, yet its biological tolerance threshold is relatively narrow. The potential application of machine learning methods to indirectly predict the Se content in crops across regional areas, thereby validating the reasonableness of soil health thresholds, remains to be explored. This study analyzed the factors influencing Se absorption in crops from longevity regions and employed machine learning models to predict the bioconcentration factor of Se, thereby obtaining selenium content in these crops and ultimately estimated the Se threshold for healthy soils.

The number of recanalization attempts, procedure time and endovascular therapy outcomes in acute large core stroke patients.

Introduction: Landmark thrombectomy trials demonstrated improved functional outcomes after endovascular therapy (EVT) for large core strokes (LCSs). This study explored the impact of recanalization attempts and procedure time (PT) on outcomes in LCS patients.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with LCSs who underwent EVT from a prospective multicentre cohort.

ATEDU-NET: An Attention-Embedded Deep Unet for multi-disease diagnosis in chest X-ray images, breast ultrasound, and retina fundus.

In image segmentation for medical image analysis, effective upsampling is crucial for recovering spatial information lost during downsampling. This challenge becomes more pronounced when dealing with diverse medical image modalities, which can significantly impact model performance. Plain and standard skip connections, widely used in most models, often fall short of maintaining high segmentation accuracy across different modalities, because essential spatial information transferred from the encoder to the decoder is lost.

FeO might be more suitable than Fe for the construction of anammox-dominated Fe-N coupling system: Based on N isotope tracing.

Iron not only influences the activity of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) but also participates in complex Fe-N cycles. In this study, the advanced N isotope tracing method was set up to quantify the potential rates of full nitrogen metabolic pathways under different ferrous iron (Fe and FeO) within two identical anammox granular reactors. The results indicated that both Fe and FeO enhanced AnAOB activity.

Comprehensive analysis and experiments identified ANXA1 as an unfavorable prognosticator in glioma.

Background: ANXA1 was upregulated in gliomas in previous bulk sequencing studies. we examined the role of ANXA1 in glioma using bioinformatics analysis and experiments.

Methods: Two cohorts were adopted to validate the prognostic value of ANXA1 in gliomas.

The fate of butyrospermol in camellia oil: Absorption and mechanism analysis.

Butyrospermol, a minor yet important compound in camellia oil, has anti-inflammatory effects. However, its absorption, elimination, and the influence of oil on its bioavailability remain unclear. This study investigated the logP, stability in simulated digestive fluids and liver tissue, absorption parameters of different forms of butyrospermol, and binding of butyrospermol to the Niemann-Pick C1-like 1-N-terminal domain (NPC1L1-NTD).

Tebuconazole residue in wheat and food risks: Comparison among nano and conventional formulations.

Nanopesticides exhibit different residue patterns in crops after application compared to conventional formulations, thus affecting human dietary exposure. Residue, dissipation, and dietary exposure to tebuconazole nanoformulations (nanoemulsion and nano-capsules) and conventional formulations (suspension concentrate and micro-capsules) on wheat were investigated and compared. Nano-capsules (1950 μg/kg) and micro-capsules (1771 μg/kg) had significantly lower initial deposition on wheat-leaf than suspension concentrate (2666 μg/kg).

Transport and action of sesame protein-derived ACE inhibitory peptides ITAPHW and IRPNGL.

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an important pathogenic factor in hypertension, in which angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role. Peptides that bind to ACE may attenuate vascular endothelial dysfunction by altering the structure of ACE. This study demonstrated that ITAPHW and IRPNGL were resistant to simulated gastrointestinal fluid and were transported across the Caco-2 monolayer via the intercellular space, with ITAPHW showing a high apparent permeability coefficient of (1.

Green valorization of Chaenomelis Fructus agro-industrial by-products as a source of phenolics: Ultrasound-assisted extraction, adsorptive enrichment and quality control.

This study aimed to develop a green and efficient strategy for the recovery of bioactive phenolics from agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) derived from Chaenomelis Fructus (CF). The peel of Chaenomelis Fructus (CFP) has a higher phenolic content compared to its leaves and seeds. The ultrasound-assisted extraction process for CFP total phenolics (CFPTP) was optimized using response surface methodology, achieving a yield of 216.