Composition and diversity of rumen mycobiota in Jiani yaks ( jiani): insights into microbial ecology and functions.

This study aimed to explore the diversity and functions of rumen mycobiota in 14‑ (PLf) and 15‑rib (DLf) Jiani yaks using ITS sequencing. A total of 1,079,105 and 1,086,799 filtered sequences were obtained for the PLf and DLf groups, respectively, with 491 ASVs common to both. No significant difference regarding the α‑diversity of mycobiota within the two groups was observed.

Causal Relationship Between Electrocardiogram Parameters and Brugada Syndrome: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with an electrocardiogram (ECG), but the causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the bidirectional causal relationship between ECG parameters and BrS using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis using data from the OpenGWAS database.

Coverage of surfactants on polyoxometalate tunes the selectivity of alkene epoxidation.

Self-assembled nanosheets were formed through the interaction between polyoxometalate (POM) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTB), which has hydrophilic groups at both ends of the carbon chain and serves as a "bridge" connecting the POMs. The resulting POM assemblies demonstrated high efficiency in the epoxidation of cyclohexene, with the selectivity of the reaction being tunable by adjusting the coverage of DTB on the POM.

Copper-catalyzed chemoselective C-H functionalization/dearomatization sequence: direct access to indole-based spirocyclic scaffolds.

Herein, a copper-catalyzed intermolecular [4+1] spiroannulation of indoles with alkynyldiazoketones affording various indole-based spirocyclic molecules a chemoselective C-H functionalization/dearomatization sequence was developed.

Portable and Self-Powered Sensing AI-Enabled Mask for Emotional Recognition in Virtual Reality.

With the increasing development of metaverse and human-computer interaction (HMI) technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) applications in virtual reality (VR) environments are receiving significant attention. This study presents a self-sensing facial recognition mask (FRM) utilizing triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) and machine learning algorithms to enhance user immersion and interaction. Various TENG negative electrode materials are evaluated to improve sensor performance, and the efficacy of a single sensor is confirmed.

Efficient synthesis of Au(SR) nanoclusters the cluster-from-cluster approach.

Monodisperse gold nanoclusters constitute a new branch of nanomaterials with atomically precise molecular structures. Recently, we developed a "cluster-from-cluster" approach to assemble gold nanoclusters [Au(SR)] (Au25) atomically precise Au13 precursors. Herein we demonstrated that efficient synthesis of Au(SR) (Au36) nanoclusters can be realized this facile approach.

Strain-Modulated Deposition Mechanism on a Flexible Zinc Anode.

Flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered one of the most attractive flexible devices owing to their high theoretical capacity, low cost, and high security. However, the formation of Zn dendrites and the poor flexibility of the Zn material greatly impede the application of wearable AZIBs. Herein, by transferring graphene onto the surface of polyethylene terephthalate-indium tin oxide (PET-ITO-G), a substrate combining excellent flexibility and dendrite suppression ability was prepared.

Switchable Multi-Spectral Electromagnetic Defense in the Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Gigahertz, and Terahertz Bands Using a Magnetically-Controllable Soft Actuator.

Traditional passive single-spectrum electromagnetic defense materials are inadequate to defend against complex multispectral electromagnetic threats. Herein, a bilayer heterofilm (BLH film)-based magnetically controllable soft actuator (MCSA), comprising a defense unit and a drive unit, is constructed. The defense unit offers multispectral electromagnetic protection, while the drive unit enables active defense via magnetic actuation.

MOF-Based Electrocatalysts: An Overview from the Perspective of Structural Design.

The electrocatalytic technique, as an efficient energy storage and conversion technology, has attracted significant attention to address energy exhaustion and environmental pollution. Usually, the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions are largely dominated by the dynamic process occurring on electrocatalysts. Therefore, high-performance electrocatalysts, which can dominate the pathway and energy barrier of reactions, are of great significance for the advancement of the electrocatalytic technique.

Plant-Plant Interactions Drive the Decomposition of Soil Organic Carbon via Nutrition Competition in Dryland.

Plant-plant interactions are often overlooked when assessing carbon (C) cycling in plant community. Limited research exists on how nutrient competition influences soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics via modifying rhizosphere C turnover. To address this issue, quantitative model of plant-plant interactions was established in three intercropping systems across 4 years.

One neuroprotective lignanamide from Solanum Septemlobum Thunb.

The whole plant of Thunb., called Shu Yangquan in traditional Chinese medicine, has the traditional function of clearing away heat and toxic material. Chemical investigation on the ethanol extract of afforded a new lignanamide () and a known compound caffeic acid ethyl ester ().

Danuglipron Ameliorates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Remodelling Through the AMPK Pathway.

Cardiac remodelling, a pathological process induced by various cardiovascular diseases, remains a significant challenge in clinical practice. Here, we investigate the potential of Danuglipron (PF-06882961, PF), a novel oral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, in alleviating pressure overload (PO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Using both in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that PF treatment (1 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks) significantly attenuates aortic banding-induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological remodelling in mice.

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis.

BackgroundOvarian cancer has been reported to be the eighth most common cancer among women worldwide.PurposeTo assess the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant ovarian tumors.Material and MethodsA comprehensive search of scientific literature databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI, was conducted from their inception to November 2019 to identify relevant studies on the use of CEUS in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors.

Fabrication of Bioconjugates Clacked Chitosan-Coated SN-38 Liposomal Nanoparticles: Improved Precise Chemotherapy Efficacy in Lung Cancer Cells and Its Apoptosis.

Employing an active targeting method with monoclonal antibodies for chemotherapeutics-loaded nanocarriers represents a promising option to enhance the specific drug delivery and alleviate the detrimental effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Targeted delivery to the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), which is overexpressed in HER2+ lung cancerous cells, can be accomplished by conjugating nanoparticles with a monoclonal antibody (anti-HER2). We developed trastuzumab (TZ)-conjugated chitosan iodoacetamide (CsIA)-coated liposomal nanoparticles carrying SN-38 (TZ-SN-CsIA LNPs) as a lung-targeted delivery.

Modulating the electronic structure of NiFe layered double hydroxide via anion engineering for enhanced oxygen evolution.

Alkaline water electrolysis is emerging as a promising technology for large-scale hydrogen production. However, NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH), one of the leading-edge oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in alkaline water electrolysis, still faces challenges in effectively modulating highly active species to enhance its advanced performance, which is crucial for promoting industrial development. Herein, we report a facile anion engineering strategy to construct a novel NiFe LDH as an efficient anode electrocatalyst.

CAS1-synthesized β-Caryophyllene enhances broad-spectrum stress resistance in tomatoes.

Plants have evolved a variety of regulatory mechanisms to adapt to changing environment conditions. Secondary metabolites play a crucial role in these adaptive processes. However, little is known about whether specific secondary metabolites confer broad-spectrum resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.

Imaging Aspect Ratio-Dependent Anisotropic Conversion of Bismuth-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks into Bismuth Oxides.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising templates and precursors that can be converted to a series of functional materials. Probing the dynamic conversion processes within individual MOF crystal particles in real-time is key to understanding the structure-activity relationship, but this remains challenging, particularly for anisotropic MOF crystals. Here, using dark-field optical microscopy, we visually image and quantify the dynamic oxidation conversion of a single bismuth-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) into bismuth oxides by NaClO.

Integrative analysis of gene expression and chromatin dynamics multi-omics data in mouse models of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is a relentless and ultimately fatal lung disorder. Despite a wealth of research, the intricate molecular pathways that contribute to the onset of PF, especially the aspects related to epigenetic modifications and chromatin dynamics, continue to be elusive and not fully understood.

Methods: Utilizing a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between chromatin structure, chromatin accessibility, gene expression patterns, and cellular heterogeneity.

Global, regional, and national assessment of foreign body aspiration (1990-2021): novel insights into incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years.

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a preventable yet underrecognized global health challenge, contributing to substantial clinical and economic burdens. Comprehensive and comparable analyses of FBA trends across diverse populations and socioeconomic contexts remain limited. Leveraging data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, we provide an in-depth global, regional, and national analysis of FBA trends over the past three decades, including the first evaluation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs).

Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration.

Optimizing the immune microenvironment is essential for successful implant osseointegration. In this study, four different nano/microstructures were fabricated on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates by varying the agitation speed during sulfonation to influence osteoimmunomodulation and implant integration. The results indicate that nano/microstructures with minimal dimensions (SP450) inhibit actin polymerization by reducing calcium influx through PIEZO1, activating the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype.

CREB1/CRTC2 regulated tubular epithelial-derived exosomal miR-93-3p promotes kidney injury induced by calcium oxalate via activating M1 polarization and macrophage extracellular trap formation.

Background: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are known to cause renal injury and trigger inflammatory responses. However, the role of exosome-mediated epithelial-macrophage communication in CaOx-induced kidney injury remains unclear.

Methods: To identify key molecules, miRNA sequencing was conducted on exosomes derived from CaOx-treated (CaOx-exo) and control (Ctrl-exo) epithelial cells, identifying miR-93-3p as significantly upregulated.

Spontaneous psoas hematoma following posterior lumbar fusion surgery: a mini literature review.

Background: Spontaneous psoas hematoma is a very rare clinical entity, and the pathogenesis and pathologic mechanisms of spontaneous psoas hematoma remain unclear, thus, it is of great value to explore.

Case Presentation: We encountered a patient who developed femoral nerve paralysis due to psoas muscle hematoma following posterior lumbar fusion surgery. A 69-year-old female with lumbar spinal canal stenosis underwent posterior lumbar fusion at the L3-4 and L4-5 levels.

Vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer for biological reconstruction of bone defects following resection in children with proximal humeral sarcoma.

Background: The functional reconstruction of bone defects following resection of proximal humerus tumors in children poses a significant challenge. This study utilized vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer for proximal humerus reconstruction to evaluate the outcome, complications, and survival rates.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 13 pediatric patients who underwent vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer for biological reconstruction following oncologic resection of the proximal humerus between 2019 and 2021.

Potential biomarkers develop for predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after optimized chemoradiotherapy using serum metabolomics.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most common type of esophageal cancer, characterized by low five-year survival rate, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has been proposed to treat ESCC, while potential biomarkers for prognostic monitoring after optimized CCRT remains unknown.

Methods: Serum samples from 45 patients with ESCC were collected and categorized into three groups: Control (pre-CCRT), CCRT (during CCRT), and CCRT-1 M (one-month post-CCRT). The therapeutic effect was evaluated using CT imaging and established evaluation criteria.

Does income have a non-linear impact on residents' BMI? Re-examining the obesity Kuznets curve.

Background: After more than 40 years of growth, the income of Chinese residents has greatly increased; however, the problems of overweight and obesity among residents have become increasingly prominent.

Methods: We used data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to study the relationship between residents' income and obesity using the instrumental variable (IV) method.

Results: The impact of income on residents' body mass index (BMI) is an inverted U-shape; that is, when income is low, BMI significantly rises with income, and when per capita income exceeds 57,066 yuan in 2023 prices (equivalent to 8,098 dollars), further increases in income will lead to a decrease in BMI.