Identifying Spatially Segregated Ir Sites within ZSM-5 for Enhanced Redox Cycle in NOx Reduction by CO.

Developing high-performance Ir-based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by CO(CO-SCR) under low temperatures remains challenging. This study presents an Ir-based catalyst encapsulated in ZSM-5 (Ir@ZSM-5), with Ir species partially confined in micropores (Irδ+) and partially aggregated on the surface (Ir0), achieving ~88% NOx conversion at 230 °C in the presence of 5% O2 and 100 ppm SO2. The confined Irδ+ species exhibit enhanced stability and oxidized states, while surface-aggregated Ir0 species, with weaker oxygen coordination, remain in a metallic state.

Coherence-Based Graph Convolution Network to Assess Brain Reorganization in Spinal Cord Injury Patients.

Motor imagery (MI) engages a broad network of brain regions to imagine a specific action. Investigating the mechanism of brain network reorganization during MI after spinal cord injury (SCI) is crucial because it reflects overall brain activity. Using electroencephalogram (EEG) data from SCI patients, we conducted EEG-based coherence analysis to examine different brain network reorganizations across different frequency bands, from resting to MI.

Unveiling the Role of Protein Posttranslational Modifications in Glioma Prognosis.

Background: Gliomas represent the most aggressive malignancies of the central nervous system, with posttranslational modifications (PTMs) emerging as critical regulators of oncogenic processes through dynamic protein functional modulation. Despite their established role in tumor biology, the systematic characterization of PTM-mediated molecular mechanisms driving glioma progression remains unexplored. This study aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms of glioma, with a focus on the role of PTMs.

Composite synthetic protein hydrogel for inhibition of corneal fibrosis and treatment of corneal wounds.

Corneal fibrosis, a severe complication linked to ocular injuries and post-surgery, lacks effective treatment. Hydrogels are regarded as one of the most promising biomaterials, particularly in the context of corneal wound treatment, where they have attracted considerable attention. Synthetic protein hydrogels are of particular interest due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, capacity to mitigate induced tissue inflammatory responses, and their editable and modular integrative properties.

Green crosslinking with oxidized sodium alginate for enhanced Mo(VI) adsorption in alginate-based membranes.

The use of green and nontoxic crosslinking agents in material synthesis is both important and challenging. In this study, oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) was synthesized via sodium periodate oxidation and used for the preparation of sodium alginate/polyethyleneimine membranes. FTIR confirmed the presence of aldehyde groups after the oxidation of sodium alginate.

Transdermal sequential delivery of functionalized Nano-Deep eutectic system for enhanced treatment of melanoma.

In the present study, we introduce the concept of "transdermal sequential delivery" as a non-invasive and synergistic approach for the treatment of melanoma. We developed a functionalized Deep Eutectic System (DES) that incorporates both small molecule drugs and nanoparticles. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) served as the Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) to form the DES, while glutathione (GSH)-responsive Mesoporous Organosilicon Nanoparticles (MON) were prepared and encapsulated with chlorin e6 (Ce6).

Hybrid membranes-mediated biomimetic-nanoparticle carrying miR-665 for effective tumor treatment by remodeling tumor microenvironment.

Background: Osteosarcomas (OS) are malignant bone tumors prevalent in adolescents, characterized by aggressiveness and early metastasis. Current treatments including surgery and chemotherapy face challenges due to drug limitations and the complex tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods: Tumour membranes (TM) derived from OS cells and macrophage membranes (MM) derived from macrophages were mixed to create hybrid membranes (HM), which were subsequently used to encapsulate microRNA-665(miR-665)-loaded Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, forming HM@PLGA/miR-665 complexes.

Sesquiterpenoids isolated from the root bark of Lycium chinense.

This study reports the isolation of 11 previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids from the root bark of Lycium chinense Mill, including a 1,10-secoeudesmane-type sesquiterpene (1), a 9,10-secoeudesmane-type sesquiterpene (2) and nine rearranged eudesmane sesquiterpenes (3-11). Structures elucidation of these compounds was established using 1D/2D NMR, electronic circular dichroism calculations along with DP4 probability analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals. Lyciiterpenoid E (1), a eudesmane sesquiterpenoid, is characterised by a bond cleavage between C-1 and C-10 while, lyciiterpenoid F (2) exhibits a bond cleavage between C-9 and C-10.

CircTHADA regulates endothelial cell pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy through miR-494-3p/CASP1/GSDMD-N/IL-1β pathway.

Our study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which circTHADA competitively adsorbs miR-494-3p to regulate CASP1-mediated endothelial cell (EC) pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy (DR). To be specific, we used high glucose (HG)-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) as DR cell models and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice as DR mouse models. The expression levels of circTHADA, miR-494-3p, CASP1, NLRP3, GSDMD-N and IL-1β were detected and flow cytrometry was applied to measure cell pyroptosis rate and dual luciferase reporter assays were utilized to determine the direct binding sites.

Loss of MAF bZIP transcription factor G restores ATG7/BECN1-mediated autophagy to inhibit ferroptosis and improve angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcer wound healing.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a complication of diabetes, is associated with an increased risk of major amputation and mortality. However, the underlying pathogenesis of DFU remains unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of MAF bZIP transcription factor G (MAFG) in DFU wound healing.

Reshaping UDP-binding pocket of bacterial sucrose synthase to improve efficiency of UDP-glucose production.

UDP-glucose (UDPG), a nucleoside diphosphate sugar, is an important sugar donor for the biosynthesis of various glycoside compounds. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) can catalyze the synthesis of high-value UDPG from the cost-effective sucrose. By redesigning the substrate-binding pocket of SuSy in Denitrovibrio acetiphilus DSM 12809, a variant with 8.

Development and Validation of Cough Hypersensitivity Assessment Test (CHAT).

Background: Cough hypersensitivity is an important clinical and pathophysiological feature of chronic cough, which involves chemical, mechanical, thermal stimuli, and sensory dysfunction. Currently, there is lack of a comprehensive method for evaluating cough hypersensitivity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the degree of cough hypersensitivity.

Self-attention fusion and adaptive continual updating for multimodal federated learning with heterogeneous data.

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without direct data sharing, facilitating knowledge exchange while ensuring data privacy. Multimodal federated learning (MFL) is particularly advantageous for decentralized multimodal data, effectively managing heterogeneous information across modalities. However, the diversity in environments and data collection methods among participating devices introduces substantial challenges due to non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data.

Pentachlorophenol exposure, plasma metabolomic markers, and gestational diabetes mellitus: Association and potential mediation analyses.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pervasive endocrine-disrupting compound present in the environment. Limited research has explored the effects of PCP exposure on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), particularly the metabolites-related mechanism. Our study seeks to characterize the interrelationships between PCP exposure, plasma metabolomic markers, and GDM, aiming to elucidate the metabolomic profile mediating PCP-GDM relationship.

Discussion of the material basis for prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis using naturally medicinal and edible homologous herbs based on the dynamic process of Nrf2, NF-κB and TGF-β in PF.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive chronic lung disease with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Despite extensive research into the mechanisms that initiate and drive the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, developing effective treatments remains challenging due to the multiple etiologies, pathogenic links, and signaling pathways involved in PF. Indeed, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) are central players in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and each of these factors influences distinct yet interconnected processes that collectively contribute to disease progression: Nrf2 upregulates antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress, NF-κB modulates inflammatory responses, and TGF-β promotes fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, leading to fibrosis.

Impact of hydroxyl group in surfactant structure on methane hydrate formation, pelletization, and dissociation for advanced transportable methane pellets.

This study investigates the impact of hydroxyl functionalization on biosurfactants for methane hydrate formation, emphasizing their potential in sustainable gas storage. Sodium oleate (SO) and hydroxylated sodium oleate (HSO), derived from oleic and ricinoleic acids, respectively, were synthesized and evaluated as eco-friendly promoters. HSO outperformed SO and conventional surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), particularly at low concentrations (50 ppm).

Ultrafast synthesis of nickel-ruthenium hydroxide ultrathin nanosheets decorated nickel sulfide with efficient overall water splitting.

Nickel sulfide (NiS) demonstrates exceptional charge transfer capabilities, positioning it as an ideal substrate for hosting active sites in water electrolysis. However, the development of such materials has been hindered by intricate post-modification strategies. Here, a rapid hydrolysis strategy is reported to promote the fast growth of ultrathin nickel-ruthenium hydroxide nanosheets on NiS supported by nickel foam (RuNiOH/NiS/NF).

Self-powered temperature and humidity sensing platform based on AgS/poly(5-carboxyindole)/hydroxyethyl cellulose nanocomposite.

A self-powered dual-function temperature and humidity sensing platform is constructed based on AgS/poly(5-carboxyindole)/hydroxyethyl cellulose composite material (AgS/P5ICA/HEC). The AgS nanomaterial with reticular porous structure is successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method for use as electrodes in supercapacitors and temperature sensors. Then, a highly sensitive AgS/P5ICA/HEC-based humidity sensor is successfully prepared by drop-coating the surface of AgS material with P5ICA/HEC composite.

In-situ fixation (ISF): A rapid, reusable, and high-throughput nucleic acid extraction method for plant molecular analysis.

Rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput nucleic acid testing (NAT) is crucial for diverse applications in plant breeding and crop protection, including genotyping, transgenic detection, and pathogen diagnosis. However, efficient plant DNA/RNA extraction methods suitable for point-of-care testing remain a significant challenge due to the complex plant cell composition. Here, we present a novel in-situ fixation (ISF) method that eliminates the need for sample grinding, water bath, centrifugation, and pipetting, enabling rapid (6 min) and high-throughput (96 samples) nucleic acid extraction from plant leaves.

Link between gut damage and neurotoxicity with gender differences in zebrafish: Dibutyl phthalate-driven microbiota dysbiosis as a possible major cause.

Among plasticizers, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is widely used in in industry, posing significant health risks to aquatic organisms. In this study, adult male and female zebrafish were exposed to 0 and 30 μg/L DBP for 15 days. Behavioral monitoring, immunofluorescence, protein immunoblotting, and high-throughput sequencing were used to investigate the critical role of the gut microbiome in DBP-induced dysfunction of the zebrafish gut-brain axis.

Spatial analysis of airborne bacterial concentrations and microbial communities in a large-scale commercial layer facility.

This study investigated the spatial distribution patterns of airborne bacterial concentrations and microbial community structures in a modern commercial layer facility housing approximately 50,000 laying hens equipped with advanced environmental control systems. Air samples were systematically collected at 50 strategically distributed locations using a six-stage Andersen microbial air sampler, while environmental samples (dust, manure, intestinal contents) were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results demonstrated a distinct longitudinal gradient in airborne bacterial concentrations, progressively increasing from the air inlet (883±177 CFU/m³) to exhaust fans (12,650±813 CFU/m³), with a facility-wide mean concentration of 5,618±530 CFU/m³.

Characterization of cross-resistance gene optrA-carrying Campylobacter coli.

Campylobacter is a significant foodborne pathogen causing human campylobacteriosis. The optrA gene, which encodes an ABC-F protein, confers cross-resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, and recent studies have identified the emergence of optrA in Campylobacter. However, detailed information of optrA- carrying C.

Cyclic trace enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment enhances brown rice: Cooking and taste.

Brown rice is nutritious but with low acceptance due to its cooking inconvenience and poor taste. This study investigated the effect of cyclic trace enzymatic hydrolysis (CEH) on brown rice refining and compared it with other two treatments: cyclic trace water infiltration (CWI) and disposable enzymatic hydrolysis (DEH). As results, CEH increased the moisture content of brown rice with a relatively low crack rate.

Mechanism of arsenic-induced liver injury in rats revealed by metabolomics and ionomics based approach.

Arsenic (As) is an environmental toxicant and human carcinogen, long-term exposure to As can lead to varying degrees of liver injury. In this study, the liver injury model of As poisoned Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was established, and the potential mechanism was investigated by metabonomics and ionomics. A total of 164 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified between the As poisoned group and the control group, which mainly involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and porphyrin metabolism.