Chemometrics-powered spectroscopic techniques for the measurement of food-derived phenolics and vitamins in foods: A review.

Foods are rich in various bioactive compounds, like phenolics, and vitamins, which play important physiological roles in the human body. The analysis of phenolics and vitamins in plant and animal-based foods is a topic of growing interest. Compared with conventional methods, the chemometrics-powered infrared, Fourier transform-near infrared and mid-infrared, ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy offer a reliable, low-cost, and nondestructive means to determine phenolics and vitamins.

Thiol-modified hyaluronic acid and hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation synergistically enhance the gelling capacity of ginkgo seed proteins.

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of synthetic thiol-modified hyaluronic acid (HASH) on the gelation properties of ginkgo seed protein isolate (GSPI) under non-oxidizing (NOX) or oxidizing (OX) conditions. Under NOX conditions, HASH mediated the disruption of disulfide bonds, leading to a dose-dependent dissociation of GSPI. Conversely, in OX conditions, hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation facilitated the formation of interprotein disulfide bonds.

Health-related quality of life and symptoms in patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer treated with sintilimab or placebo plus pemetrexed and platinum (ORIENT-11): A randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Background: In the phase 3 ORIENT-11 study, sintilimab plus pemetrexed-platinum provided statistically significant longer overall survival and progression-free survival versus placebo plus pemetrexed-platinum as first-line treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report the patient-reported outcomes (PRO) analysis findings in ORIENT-11.

Methods: PROs were measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Questionnaire Core 30 items (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS) questionnaire.

Cellular heterogeneity and communication networks in gastric cancer: Single-cell analysis reveals β-hydroxybutyrylation-associated genes and immune infiltration characteristics.

Gastric cancer is characterized by high heterogeneity, with its complex microenvironment and intercellular communications playing critical roles in disease progression and treatment responses. In this study, we utilized single-cell sequencing to dissect the intricate landscape of gastric cancer, identifying diverse cell populations and their interactions. We focused on the role of β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb)-associated genes and their impact on the tumor microenvironment.

Theoretical insights on the double ESIPT mechanism and fluorescence properties of HBIo chromophore.

2-{[3-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene] amino}-benzoic acid (HBIo) based on proton transfer can serve as the fluorescent probe for detecting heavy metal ions. The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction mechanism of the HBIo chromophore with an intramolecular asymmetric double hydrogen bond in different solvents are investigated. The reaction barrier of the ESIPT along hydrogen bond O1-H2···N3 is higher than that of ESIPT along O4-H5···N6, which indicates that the double ESIPT is a stepwise process.

A molecular sensor for selective recognition of Fe by a functional seven-nuclear Zn(II) cluster compound formed from a quinoline-modified half-salamo-type Precursor.

In this paper, we designed and synthesized a novel based on quinoline modification half-salamo-type Zn(II) complex([Zn(L)(μ-OCH)]·(ClO)), namely ZP. The structure of ZP was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, in which the Zn(II) ions displayed in two different coordination modes, ultimately forming a highly symmetric heptanuclear structure. The Zn(II) complex probe modified by quinoline luminescent group has excellent luminescence properties and selectively recognizes Fe in aqueous solution.

Nanomedicine-enabled concurrent regulations of ROS generation and copper metabolism for sonodynamic-amplified tumor therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) shows substantial potentials in cancer treatment thanks to the deep tissue penetration of ultrasound. However, its clinical translation suffers from the potential damages to healthy tissues and the resistance of tumors, particularly from cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), to the ultrasound. To address these challenges, we designed a novel glutathione (GSH)-activated nanomedicine to simultaneously enhance the safety and efficacy of SDT by in situ regulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and copper metabolism.

Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is positively associated with the risks of certain neurological disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. However, the association of IGF-1 with the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 348,324 participants at baseline were included from the UK biobank in this prospective study.

Design and synthesis three novel series of derivatives using natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-RLMS as template and in vitro, in vivo and in silico activities verification.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a pivotal enzyme in nerve conduction, controlling its activity with its inhibitor (AChEI) is crucial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current AChEIs are associated with considerable adverse effects. Previous work has identified 2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-12-ene-28-oic acid (RLMS) as a promising natural AChEI.

Heteroatom sulfur-doping in single-atom FeNC catalysts for durable oxygen reduction performance in zinc-air batteries.

Heteroatom doping into the transition metal-based catalysts is an effective strategy to improve the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. Herein, we proposed a one-step, soft template assisted, and green method for the synthesis of Sulfur (S) doped single atom FeNC catalyst. XAFS demonstrated that the Fe active sites in the FeNSC were more likely to possess the Fe-N configuration.

Sea urchin-like covalent organic frameworks/TiO heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic CO conversion.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO to valuable chemicals is an effective strategy to address the environmental problems and energy crisis. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging materials known for their excellent diverse properties, albeit limited by special synthetic methods, including high temperature (120 °C) and the necessity of inert gas atmosphere. Herein, a novel synthesis method under room temperature and air was optimized to form TpPa-COF (TP-COF) by p-phenylenediamine (Pa) and 2,4,6-triformyl phloroglucinol (Tp) through electrostatic self-assembly.

Multifunctional (CoFe)(S)-ion-microneedle patch: Synergistic antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation for accelerating wound healing.

Preventing bacterial infection and accelerating wound closure are critical for wound healing. Herein, a novel multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVA-PVP) microneedle (MN) patch embedded with enzyme-like activity (CoFe)(S) (CFS) nanoparticles and metal ions (Co and Fe) was systematically synthesized for the management of bacteria-infected wounds. CFS regulated redox homeostasis and achieved bacterial eradication while concomitantly alleviating oxidative damage.

Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis was involved in the alleviation of Jujuboside A on diabetic kidney disease-associated renal tubular injury via YY1/PGC-1α signaling.

Background: Renal tubular injury was a significant pathological change of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the amelioration of renal tubular injury through mitochondrial function was an important treatment strategy of DKD. Our previous study had revealed that Jujuboside A (Ju A), the main active substance isolated from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS), could restore renal function of diabetic mice. However, its protective mechanism against DKD remains unclear.

Biological VFAs production from proteinaceous wastewater varied with protein type: The role of protein exposed enzyme cleavage sites and hydrolysates biotransformation capacity.

Proteinaceous wastewater contains various proteins, which can be valorized to biobased volatile fatty acids (VFAs), important substrates for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics, biodiesel, bioelectricity, etc., but the influence of protein type on VFAs has never been documented. It was found that among the five proteinaceous wastewater proteins investigated, ovalbumin and casein produced the most and the least VFAs, respectively.

Overcoming Fe(III) precipitation barrier in acid mine drainage via a visible light-assisted photo-electrochemical system.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized by high concentrations of Fe(II) and Fe(III), which can be harnessed for the in-situ formation of schwertmannite, enabling the efficient immobilization of toxic heavy metals. However, existing biological and chemical methods for schwertmannite synthesis face significant challenges, including low Fe(II) oxidation rates and particularly limited Fe(III) precipitation efficiency in acidic environments. In this study, we develop a visible light-assisted photo-electrochemical (PEC) system that effectively overcomes these barriers.

Heat stress enhances the expression of METTL3 to mediate N6-methyladenosine modification of SOS2 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in boar Sertoli cells.

Heat stress negatively affects pig production by disrupting the immune homeostasis of Sertoli cells (SCs), which compromises sperm quality, culminating in male infertility. Herein, we aimed to study the mechanism by which the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by heat stress through N6-methyladenosine (mA) modification regulation in SCs. Initially, it was found that heat stress (44°C, 30 min) markedly activated ERK1/2 signaling, which subsequently promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokine release from SCs.

Multi-signal fluorescent probe for simultaneous differentiation and imaging of Hg, Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living cells and zebrafish.

The Mercury (II) ion (Hg²⁺) is a toxic heavy metal that threatens biological systems by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting the redox balance. Biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) are critical in maintaining redox homeostasis and are implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Understanding the complex interactions between Hg²⁺ and biothiols requires molecular tools capable of simultaneous detection.

Sodium butyrate attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis, and excessive mitophagy in sodium fluoride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Aim: Long-term exposure to excess sodium fluoride (NaF) can cause chronic fluorosis. Liver, the most important detoxification organ, is the most vulnerable to the effects of fluoride. Sodium butyrate (NaB), a short-chain fatty acid produced in the intestinal tract, maintains normal mitochondrial function in vivo and reduces liver inflammation and oxidative stress.

Revealing structure-performance relationship of biomimetic cyclodextrin metal-organic framework composite electrolytes for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries.

Cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) with infinitely extensible network structures show potential applications in lithium metal batteries. However, the disordered accumulation of CD-MOF particles leads to slow interparticle diffusion of ions, so the CD-MOF composite electrolytes are needed to be developed. In addition, the influences of CD-MOFs structure on the electrochemical performance of the composite electrolytes remains unclear.

Label-free electrochemical immunosensors based on Cu-Ni metal-organic framework and carbon nanotube composite for carcinoembryonic antigen detection.

Monitoring cancer biomarkers is of great significance in clinical diagnosis. In this work, a label-free MWCNTs-COOH/CuNi-BTC/FTO electrochemical immunosensor was developed to quantitatively detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The bimetallic CuNi-BTC showed enhanced current than singe Ni-BTC, and the addition of the MWCNTs-COOH increased the conductivity and further amplified the current signal.

Current progress and future perspectives in personal identification of monozygotic twins in forensic medicine.

The personal identification of monozygotic (MZ) twins is of great importance in forensic medicine. Due to the extreme similarity in genetic between MZ twins, it is challenging to differentiate them using autosomal STR genotyping. Forensic experts are striving to explore available genetic markers that can differentiate between MZ twins.

Profiling microRNA expression differentiates monozygotic twins in peripherical blood by droplet digital PCR.

It is challenging to distinguish monozygotic (MZ) twins using traditional autosomal STR genotyping due to their nearly identical genomes. As an important kind of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression and considered as excellent biomarkers due to their resistance to degradation. Moreover, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a powerful technique for detecting gene mutations and pathogenic microorganisms, owing to its sensitivity and reliability.

Unveiling the Promoting Effects of Zr and the Hydrothermal Treatment on the NH-SCR Activity of the Cu-SAPO-18 Catalyst.

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH(NH-SCR) remains challenging for diesel vehicles due to the complex exhaust condition. Cu-SAPO-18 zeolite has emerged as an efficient catalyst for the NH-SCR process, attributed to its unique small pore configuration and high NH-SCR activity. Herein, Zr-modified Cu-SAPO-18 has been fabricated and evaluated for the reduction of NO.

Modular Metabolic Engineering of for Enhanced Production of Ursolic Acid.

Ursolic acid, a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other bioactive properties, holds significant potential for use in nutritional supplements and drug development. However, its extraction from medicinal plants is inefficient due to low yield and dependence on seasonality and geography. Herein, we use modular metabolic engineering to enhance ursolic acid production in by dividing the biosynthetic pathway into five modules.

Arthroscopic-assisted uniportal spinal surgery for treatment of lumbar burst fractures complicated with neurological symptoms: a case report.

Lumbar burst fractures account for 21% to 58% of all thoracolumbar fractures. L5 lumbar burst fractures are rare, comprising 1.2% of spinal burst fractures.