Immune Cell Biology in Peripheral Nervous System Injury.

Background: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) exhibits remarkable regenerative capability after injury. PNS regeneration relies on neurons themselves as well as a variety of other cell types, including Schwann cells, immune cells, and non-neuronal cells.

Objectives: This paper focuses on summarizing the critical roles of immune cells (SCs) in the injury and repair processes of the PNS.

Stretchable and adhesive bilayers for electrical interfacing.

Integrated stretchable devices, containing soft modules, rigid modules, and encapsulation modules, are of potential use in implantable bioelectronics and wearable devices. However, such systems often suffer from electrical deterioration due to debonding failure at the connection between rigid and soft modules induced by severe stress concentration, limiting their practical implementation. Here, we report a highly conductive and adhesive bilayer interface that can reliably connect soft-soft modules and soft-rigid modules together by simply pressing without conductive pastes.

Tandem Versus Single Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for High-Risk Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Agents: A Real-World Study of China.

Background: This study compares the efficacy and safety of single autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) versus tandem ASCT for multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the era of novel agents.

Methods: A total of 112 high-risk MM patients were included (single ASCT, (n = 57) or tandem ASCT(n = 55) in this retrospective multicenter study. Responses and outcomes were evaluated.

Lignosulfonate as a versatile regulator for the mediated synthesis of Ag@AgCl nanocubes.

The remarkable catalytic activity, optical properties, and electrochemical behavior of nanomaterials based on noble metals (NM) are profoundly influenced by their physical characteristics, including particle size, morphology, and crystal structure. Effective regulation of these parameters necessitates a refined methodology. Lignin, a natural aromatic compound abundant in hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and sulfonic acid groups, has emerged as an eco-friendly surfactant, reducing agent, and dispersant, offering the potential to precisely control the particle size and morphology of NM-based nanomaterials.

Construction of Full-Spectrum-Response BiOBr:Er@BiO S-Scheme Heterojunction With [Bi─O] Tetrahedral Sharing by Integrated Upconversion and Photothermal Effect Toward Optimized Photocatalytic Performance.

Designing and optimizing photocatalysts to maximize the use of sunlight and achieve fast charge transport remains a goal of photocatalysis technology. Herein, a full-spectrum-response BiOBr:Er@BiO core-shell S-scheme heterojunction is designed with [Bi─O] tetrahedral sharing using upconversion (UC) functionality, photothermal effects, and interfacial engineering. The UC function of Er and plasmon resonance effect of BiO greatly improves the utilization of sunlight.

Recent advances in the reactions of isatin-derived MBH carbonates for the synthesis of spirooxindoles.

As one of the main fragments in medical drugs, spirooxindole has received considerable attention from organic and medicinal chemists. In the past few decades, chemists have been searching for more straightforward and efficient methods to produce compounds containing a spirooxindole fragment. In this regard, isatin-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates have been widely used as versatile building blocks for the synthesis of spirooxindole structures.

Ultrasound-Controllable Release of Carbon Monoxide in Multifunctional Polymer Coating for Synergetic Treatment of Catheter-Related Infections.

Medical catheters are susceptible to biological contamination and pathogen invasion, leading to infection and inflammatory complications. The development of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices has emerged as a promising strategy. However, limited biological functionality and the incompatibility between bactericidal properties and biosafety remain great challenges.

Boosting Hot Electron Generation in Energy Center Embedded Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis.

The ligands in metal-organic framework (MOF) play as light absorption center and transfer photogenerated electrons to metal node through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) during photocatalysis, and energy utilization efficiency is strongly restricted by the light inertness of ligands. Herein, a ligand updating strategy is proposed by inserting energy centers to MOFs to activate the inherent ligands, realizing boosting hot electron generation and photocatalytic activities via the cascaded proceeding of energy transfer and charge transfer. By taking PCN-777 (a zeotype mesoporous Zr-containing MOF) as an example, this study shows that the embedded energy center of 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (PCA) can activate the inherent ligand of PCN-777 through triplet-triplet energy transfer, where triplet excitons would dissociate into photocarriers migrating to the Zr metal cluster via LMCT process.

Enhanced Protein Immobilization Capacity through Grafting of Poly(sodium methacrylate) onto Magnetic Bead Surface.

This study aims to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) by increasing the amount of protein immobilized on the surface of the magnetic bead (MB). Proteins are macromolecules with three-dimensional structures, and merely increasing the density of functional groups on the two-dimensional surface of the MB cannot significantly enhance protein immobilization. Therefore, we grafted spatially extended functional polymer to not only increase the density of functional groups on the MB surface but also expand their distribution in three-dimensional space, ultimately increasing protein immobilization.

Dynamic Redox Induced Localized Charge Accumulation Accelerating Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis.

The sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis necessitates applied bias to facilitate electron transfer as well as bond cleavage and formation. Traditional electrocatalysis focuses on analyzing the effects of electron transfer, while the role of charge accumulation induced by the applied overpotential has not been thoroughly investigated. To explore the influence mechanism of bias-driven charge accumulation, capacitive Mn is incorporated into IrO to regulate the local electronic structure and the adsorption behavior.

In Situ Integration of Metallic Catalytic Sites and Photosensitive Centers within Covalent Organic Frameworks for the Enhanced Photocatalytic Reduction of CO.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising platform for heterogeneous photocatalysis due to their stability and design diversity, but their potential is often restricted by unmanageable targeted excitation and charge transfer. Herein, a bimetallic COF integrating photosensitizers and catalytic sites is designed to facilitate locally ultrafast charge transfer, aiming to improve the photocatalytic reduction of CO. The strategy uses a "one-pot" method to synthesize the bimetallic COF (termed PBCOF) through in situ Schiff-base condensation of Pyrene with MBpy (M = Ru, Re) units.

Slide-Ring Structured Stress-Electric Coupling Hydrogel Microspheres for Low-Loss Transduction Between Tissues.

High transductive loss at tissue injury sites impedes repair. The high dissipation characteristics in the electromechanical conversion of piezoelectric biomaterials pose a challenge. Therefore, supramolecular engineering and microfluidic technology is utilized to introduce slide-ring polyrotaxane and conductive polypyrrole to construct stress-electric coupling hydrogel microspheres.

B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in tumors: immunity cycle, clinical impact, and therapeutic applications.

Tumorigenesis involves a multifaceted and heterogeneous interplay characterized by perturbations in individual immune surveillance. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as orchestrators of adaptive immune responses, constitute the principal component of tumor immunity. Over the past decade, the functions of tumor-specific T cells have been extensively elucidated, whereas current understanding and research regarding intratumoral B cells remain inadequate and underexplored.

Platelet membrane decorated exosomes enhance targeting efficacy and therapeutic index to alleviate arterial restenosis.

Postinterventional restenosis is a major challenge in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Current anti-restenosis drugs inhibit neointima hyperplasia but simultaneously impair endothelial repair due to indiscrminative cytotoxity. Stem cell-derived exosomes provide multifaceted therapeutic effects by delivering functional miRNAs to endothelial cells, macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Unveiling the Prognostic Power and Immune Landscape of MyD88 in Breast Cancer: an Integrative Bioinformatics and IHC Approach.

Breast cancer continues to be a significant global health challenge due to its heterogeneity and propensity for therapeutic resistance. The current tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging and molecular classification systems are limited in capturing the full biological complexity of breast cancer. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), a key adaptor protein in inflammatory signaling pathways, has been implicated in various oncogenic processes.

Demethylzeylasteral inhibits oxidative phosphorylation complex biogenesis by targeting LRPPRC in lung cancer.

Targeted inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex generation is an emerging and promising cancer treatment strategy, but limited targets and specific inhibitors have been reported. Leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRPPRC) is an atypical RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability of all 13 mitochondrial DNA-encoded mRNA (mt-mRNA) and thus participates in the synthesis of the OXPHOS complex. LRPPRC is also a prospective therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma, serving as a promising target for OXPHOS inhibition.

A novel EMT-related risk score model for Uveal melanoma based on ZNF667-AS1 and AP005121.1.

Uveal melanoma (UM) has emerged as one of the most common primary intraocular malignant tumors worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as decisive factors in the progression and metastasis of UM, involving in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of UM. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs closely associated with EMT-related genes in the TCGA UM cohort, identifying 961 EMT-related lncRNAs.

Exosomal miR-552-5p Regulates the Role of NK Cells in EMT of Gastric Cancer via the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis.

While previous studies have established the role of exosomal miR-552-5p in promoting gastric cancer (GC) progression, the exact mechanisms through which it modulates the PD-1/PD-L1 axis to affect NK cell function and subsequently influence GC epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remain to be elucidated. Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis were used to characterize exosomes that were isolated from GC cell supernatants. Subcutaneous AGS cell injections expressing either Lv-miR-552-5p or Lv-NC were administered to nude BALB/C mice.

Rational Fabrication of Functionally-Graded Surfaces for Biological and Biomedical Applications.

As a ubiquitous feature of the biological world, gradation, in either composition or structure, is essential to many functions and processes. Taking protein gradation as an example, it plays a pivotal role in the development and evolution of human bodies, including stimulation and direction of the outgrowth of peripheral nerves in a developing fetus. It is also critically involved in wound healing by attracting and guiding immune cells to the site of injury or infection.

Integrating oxygen-boosted sonodynamic therapy and ferroptosis engineered exosomes for effective cancer treatment.

Ferroptosis and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are both promising therapeutic modalities, but their clinical application remains challenging due to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and limited supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Developing an agent with oxygen-enhanced SDT and increased ferroptosis sensitivity is crucial for advancing tumor therapy. In this study, catalase (Cat) and Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) highly expressed 4T1 cells were constructed lentivirus transfection.

A H2S-activated NIR-II imaging probe for precise diagnosis and pathological evaluation of colorectal tumor.

The quick and accurate detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential for improving the treatment efficacy and patient survival, which nevertheless remains challenging due to low specificity and sensitivity of current CRC diagnostic approaches. Therefore, providing a robust solution for real-time and accurate tumor delineation is highly desirable. We report a novel polyacrylic acid-mediated strategy to develop the endogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS)-activated NIR-II probe DCNP@PB for specific visualization of CRC and image-guided tumor surgery.

Fe─N and FeCo Nanoalloy Dual-Site Modulation by Skeleton Defect in N-Doped Graphene Aerogel for Enhanced Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst in Zinc-air Battery.

The dual-site electrocatalysts formed by metal single atoms combines with metal nanoparticles represent a promising strategy to enhance both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Herein, defect engineering is applied to dual-site ORR and OER electrocatalysts. Its design, synthesis, structural properties, and catalytic performance experimentally and theoretically are insightfully studied for the single-atomic Fe─N and the adjacent FeCo nanoalloy (FeCo) as dual-site loading on nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel (Fe─N/FeCo@NGA).

EGCG-Modified Bioactive Core-Shell Fibers Modulate Oxidative Stress to Synergistically Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration.

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) can adversely affect tissue repair, whereas endowing biomaterials with antioxidant activity can improve the in vivo microenvironment, thereby promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Accordingly, this study utilized epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a material known for its reducing properties, oxidative self-polymerization capability, and strong binding characteristics, to modify a bioactive core-shell fibrous membrane (10RP-PG). Compared to the 10RP-PG fibrous membrane, the EGCG-modified fibrous membrane (E/10RP-PG) exhibited superior hydrophilicity, excellent cell adhesion, and compatibility.

High-Entropy Metal Interstitials Activate TiO for Robust Catalytic Oxidation.

Substitution metal doping strategies are crucial for developing catalysts capable of activating O, but the leaching of metal dopants has greatly hindered their potential for extensive oxidation reactions under mild conditions. Here, the study develops an entropy-increase strategy to synthesize high-entropy metal (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Co) interstitial functionalized anatase TiO (HE-TiO) nanosheets, demonstrating remarkable degradation efficiency across a wide pH range and exceptional stability in a flow-by electro-catalytic reactor. Relative to that of pristine TiO, the intense lattice distortion on the (001) plane, an average lattice expansion of 2% on the (100) plane, and decrease of second shell peak of X-ray absorption spectra serve as compelling evidence for the formation of metal interstitials in HE-TiO.

Glutathione-Driven Disassembly of Planar Organic Phototherapeutic Agents to Enhance Photodynamic-Photothermal Therapy Performance for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

The self-assembly of hydrophobic organic phototherapeutic agents (OPTAs) with expansive planar structures into nanoparticles (NPs) represents a pivotal strategy to bolster their biocompatibility. However, the tight molecular packing within these NPs significantly influences the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), posing a substantial hurdle to elevating the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for such NPs. In this article, three OPTAs by donor engineering are synthesized.