Differential activation of defense responses in cucumbers by adapted versus non-adapted lineages of the cotton-melon aphid.

Background: The cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a polyphagous pest damaging plants across over 100 families. It has multiple host-specialized lineages, including one colonizing Malvaceae (MA) and one colonizing Cucurbitaceae (CU). The mechanisms underlying these host relationships remain unknown.

Correction: From photocatalysis to photon-phonon co-driven catalysis for methanol reforming to hydrogen and valuable by-products.

Correction for 'From photocatalysis to photon-phonon co-driven catalysis for methanol reforming to hydrogen and valuable by-products' by Hui Wang , , 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cs00551a.

generation and conversion of a half-zirconocene catalyst for the synthesis of -acylpyrazoles.

Pyrazoles are an important class of five-membered nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that have been widely used in agriculture and medicine. Exploring their synthesis methods under mild conditions has always been a hot research topic. Herein, a new strategy was developed to enhance the activity of a zirconium metal centre for the synthesis of -acylpyrazole derivatives using CpZrCl as a pre-catalyst.

Full-component extract of and its effect on epidermal regeneration.

As a well-known aromatic herb rich in various bioactive molecules, the extract of is widely used in cosmetics. However, the extraction process for is far from perfect. Moreover, the water- and oil-soluble components are too complex to be compatible with each other.

A gram-positive enhancer matrix particles vaccine displaying swine influenza virus hemagglutinin protects mice against lethal H1N1 viral challenge.

Introduction: Animal influenza viruses pose a danger to the general public. Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) viruses have recently infected humans in several different countries and are often found in pigs in China, indicating that they have the potential to cause a pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a potent vaccine against EA H1N1.

Potent human antibodies against SpA5 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of phase I clinical volunteers' B cells.

The drug resistance problem of needs to be solved urgently. Here, we report the rapid identification of human antibodies by high-throughput single-cell RNA and VDJ sequencing of memory B cells derived from 64 volunteers immunized with recombinant five-component vaccine (clinical phase I). From 676 antigen-binding IgG1 clonotypes, TOP10 sequences were selected for expression and characterization, with the most potent one, Abs-9, having nanomolar affinity for the pentameric form of the specific antigen protein A.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Binge Drinking among Adults in the United State: Analysis of the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey.

Little is known about the association of social media and belief in alcohol and cancer with binge drinking. This study aimed to perform feature selection and develop machine learning (ML) tools to predict occurrence of binge drinking among adults in the United State. A total of 5,886 adults including 1,252 who ever experienced with binge drinking were selected from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6).

Bayesian-optimized deep learning for identifying essential genes of mitophagy and fostering therapies to combat drug resistance in human cancers.

Dysregulated mitophagy is essential for mitochondrial quality control within human cancers. However, identifying hub genes regulating mitophagy and developing mitophagy-based treatments to combat drug resistance remains challenging. Herein, BayeDEM (Bayesian-optimized Deep learning for identifying Essential genes of Mitophagy) was proposed for such a task.

Multiomics Analysis Reveals Key Targeted Metabolic Pathways Underlying the Hormesis and Detrimental Effects of Enrofloxacin on Rice Plants.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) is frequently detected in agricultural environments. The hormesis and detrimental effects of ENR on crops have been extensively observed. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these crops' responses to ENR remain limited.

Modulation of mitochondrial functions contributes to the protection of lamotrigine against Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Our previous studies have established that the broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug lamotrigine (LTG) confers protection against cognitive impairments, synapse and nerve cell damage, as well as characteristic neuropathologies in APP/PS1 mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for this protective effect induced by LTG remain largely elusive.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of LTG against AD.

A comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Bu Shen Jian Gu oral liquid based on multi-indicator component quantification and chemical pattern recognition.

Bu Shen Jian Gu Oral Liquid (BSJG) is a hospital formulation commonly utilized in the treatment of fractures, joint dislocations, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, there has been no effective and straightforward method to comprehensively assess the quality of BSJG. In this experiment, a fingerprint of various batches of BSJG was established using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Preparation, Antifungal Activity Evaluation, and Mechanistic Studies of Unique and Structurally Novel Pyrazole-Heterocyclic-Amide Analogues.

Thirty-six novel pyrazole-heterocyclic-amide analogues were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The bioassay results showed that most target compounds exhibited good fungicidal activities against , , , , and at 20 μg/mL. Compounds , , , and possessed better fungicidal activities than the commercial fungicide prochloraz against .

Adapting distribution patterns of desert locusts, in response to global climate change.

The desert locust () is a destructive migratory pest, posing great threat to over 60 countries globally. In the backdrop of climate change, the habitat suitability of desert locusts is poised to undergo alterations. Hence, investigating the shifting dynamics of desert locust habitats holds profound significance in ensuring global agricultural resilience and food security.

Global distribution and sustainable management of Asian corn borer (ACB), (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): recent advancement and future prospects.

The Asian corn borer (ACB), (Guenée, 1854), is a serious pest of several crops, particularly a destructive pest of maize and other cereals throughout most of Asia, including China, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Cambodia. It has long been known as a pest in South-east Asia and has invaded other parts of Asia, Solomon Islands, parts of Africa and certain regions of Australia and Russia. Consequently, worldwide efforts have been increased to ensure new control strategies for management.

The enhancement of Li-ion conductivity in 2D metalloid organic frameworks nodal element substitution.

The development of solid-state electrolytes has become crucial for promoting the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, the substitution of nodal elements from Si to Ge significantly improved the lithium ionic conductivity in 2D metalloid organic frameworks, resulting in an enhancement of approximately one order of magnitude.

The effect of caregiver mastery on the associations of depression, anxiety, caregiver burden, fear of disease progression with quality of life among children with solid tumors.

Objectives: Caring for children with solid tumors (STs) can impact caregiver's physical and mental health. Caregiver mastery, which influences psychological well-being, is vital in improving outcomes for both caregivers and children. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between caregiver mastery, anxiety, depression, fear of disease progression (FoP), caregiver burden, and the quality of life (QOL) of children with ST.

Palovarotene in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: review and perspective.

Introduction: Palovarotene is a retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist that was studied in phase-2 and phase-3 clinical trials for the inhibition of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Despite numerous setbacks and regulatory delays, palovarotene is now the first approved FOP treatment in the U.S.

Comparing PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors plus bevacizumab combined with hepatic arterial interventional therapies in unresetable hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-center, real-world study.

With the rise of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) regimens, particularly bevacizumab and atezolizumab, as first-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is a need to explore PD-L1 and programmed cell death 1 inhibitors in combination therapies for unresectable HCC (uHCC). Integrating systemic therapies with locoregional approaches is also emerging as a potent strategy. This study compares the outcomes of atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) and sintilimab (programmed cell death 1 inhibitor) with bevacizumab or its biosimilar, combined with hepatic arterial interventional therapies (HAIT) in uHCC patients.

Coplanar Dimeric Acceptors with Bathochromic Absorption and Torsion-Free Backbones through Precise Fluorination Enabling Efficient Organic Photovoltaics with 18.63% Efficiency.

Giant dimeric acceptors (GDAs), a sub-type of acceptor materials for organic solar cells (OSCs), have garnered much attention due to the synergistic advantages of their monomeric and polymeric acceptors, forming a well-defined molecular structure with a giant molecular weight for high efficiency and stability. In this study, for the first time, two new GDAs, DYF-V and DY2F-V are designed and synthesized for OSC operation, by connecting one vinylene linker with the mono-/di-fluorinated end group on two Y-series monomers, respectively. After fluorination, both DYF-V and DY2F-V exhibit bathochromic absorption and denser packing modes due to the stronger intramolecular charge transfer effect and torsion-free backbones.

Scalable, Flexible, and UV-Resistant Bacterial Cellulose Composite Film for Daytime Radiative Cooling.

Radiative cooling, a passive cooling technology, functions by reflecting the majority of solar radiation (within the solar spectrum of 0.3-2.5 μm) and emitting thermal radiation (within the atmospheric windows of 8-13 μm and 16-20 μm).

Associations between cancer-related coping and depressive symptoms in oral cancer patients.

Objectives: Specific coping styles have been found to influence several aspects of psychological health in various ways among cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether different coping styles are associated with depressive symptoms in oral cancer patients.

Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2021 to October 2022 in Liaoning Province, China.

The addition of vitamin E could reduce femoral head penetration of the polyethylene liners.

Background: Vitamin E-diffused highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE/Vit E) is a relatively advanced material used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) but whether it shows superiority is unclear.

Objective: This meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of HXLPE/Vit E liners in THA.

Methods: Medline/PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched to retrieve studies assessing the efficacy of HXLPE/Vit E liners in THA with the design of a randomized, controlled trial.

Intravenous dexmedetomidine for delirium prevention in elderly patients following orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium in elderly orthopedic surgery patients.

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. The data was published on October 25, 2024.

Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic modified suture augmentation versus InternalBrace™ reconstruction in the treatment of chronic ankle instability.

Background: At present, the modified suture augmentation (MSA) repair and the InternalBrace™ (IB) reconstruction techniques are commonly used for the treatment of chronic ankle instability (CAI). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of the MSA repair and IB reconstruction techniques, providing a reference for clinical practice.

Methods: After propensity score matching, 50 patients with CAI between May 2021 and May 2022 were included in this retrospective study.

Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and the risk of all-cause, cancer and non-cancer mortality in the general population: results from national health and nutrition examination survey 2005-2018.

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the progression of cancer and other diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was recognized as an objective biomarker reflecting immunoinflammatory status. This study aimed to identify the association between SII with all-cause, cancer and non-cancer mortality among general population in the United States.