Discovering the climate dependent disease transmission mechanism through learning-explaining framework.

There are evidence showing that meteorological factors, such as temperature and humidity, have critical effects on transmission of some infectious diseases, while quantifying the influence is challenging. In this study we develop a learning-explaining framework to discover the particular dependence of transmission mechanisms on meteorological factors based on multiple source data. The incidence rate based on the epidemic data and epidemic model is theoretically identified, and meanwhile the practical discovery of particular formula is feasible through deep neural networks (DNN), symbolic regression (SR) and sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy).

Biomineralized and metallized small extracellular vesicles encapsulated in hydrogels for mitochondrial-targeted synergistic tumor therapy.

Targeted organelle therapy is a promising therapeutic method for significantly regulating the tumor microenvironment, yet it often lacks effective strategies for leveraging synergistic enhancement effect. Engineered small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are expected to address this challenge due to their notable advantages in drug delivery, extended circulation time, and intercellular information transmission. Herein, we prepare sEVs with pH and photothermal dual-responsiveness, which are encapsulated with hydrogels for a quadruple-efficient synergistic therapy.

Enhancing astaxanthin production from Chromochloris zofingiensis via blue light and exogenous inducers in plate photobioreactors.

This study investigates the photoinduction techniques for the maximization of astaxanthin production in Chromochloris zofingiensis following heterotrophic growth. Leveraging blue light, this study enhanced carbon allocation by suppressing the tricarboxylic acid cycle and activating the methylerythritol phosphate and pentose phosphate pathways to facilitate astaxanthin accumulation. Under blue light, an astaxanthin content of 5.

Soil permeability shaping ARGs patterns by affecting soil available nutrients in paddy fields.

Though the evidence for soil property could influence the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) profiles is mounting, studies regarding the effect of soil permeability on soil ARGs patterns are still ignored. This study investigated the dynamic distribution of ARGs in paddy fields with different soil permeability over various rice growing stages, as well as revealed the abiotic and biotic factors that shaping ARGs profiles. Results indicate that soil with high permeability improved the ARGs abundance through elevating the available nutrients in the soil.

Why do microplastics aggravate cholestatic liver disease? The NLRP3-mediated intestinal barrier integrity damage matter.

Microplastics (MPs) are becoming a significant environmental and public health concern because they are present in freshwater and marine environments and are ingested by living organisms. Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is closely related to intestinal homeostasis, but there are no data investigating the effects of MPs on CLD. In this study, we used Mdr2 mice (a model of CLD) to investigate the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, 0.

Rational design of AIEgens through π-bridge engineering for dual-modal photodynamic and photothermal therapy.

A series of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) architecture were rationally designed and synthesized through π-bridge engineering for dual-modal photodynamic and photothermal therapy. The AIEgens (TPT, TFT, and TTT) were constructed using methoxy-substituted tetraphenylene as the electron donor and tricyanofuran as the electron acceptor, connected via different π-bridges (phenyl, furan, or thiophene). These compounds exhibited red-shifted absorption (460-545 nm) and emission (712-720 nm) with remarkable aggregation-induced emission characteristics.

Interactions between iron mineral and low-molecular-weight organic acids accelerated nitrogen conversion and release in lake sediments.

Endogenous nitrogen (N) release from lake sediments is one of main causes affecting water quality, which can be affected by the presence of iron (Fe) minerals and organic matter, especially low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs). Although these substances always coexist in sediments, their interaction effect on N fate is not yet clear. In this study, the role and mechanisms of the coexistence of iron mineral (ferrihydrite, Fh) and LMWOAs, i.

TractGraphFormer: Anatomically informed hybrid graph CNN-transformer network for interpretable sex and age prediction from diffusion MRI tractography.

The relationship between brain connections and non-imaging phenotypes is increasingly studied using deep neural networks. However, the local and global properties of the brain's white matter networks are often overlooked in convolutional network design. We introduce TractGraphFormer, a hybrid Graph CNN-Transformer deep learning framework tailored for diffusion MRI tractography.

Identification and quantification of soybean 11S and 7S globulins using RP-UPLC.

Variations in the proportions of the two major soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed globulins, glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S), significantly affect the nutritional and functional properties of soy-based products, but comprehensive methods for the identification and quantification of individual subunits of these proteins are currently lacking.

Bimetallic synergy in non-precious metal Mn/Ba-SSZ-13 zeolite for improving NO storage capacity at low temperatures.

Pd-zeolite is considered one of the most promising passive NO adsorber (PNA) materials for NO purification in diesel vehicles during cold start. Nevertheless, the scarcity and high cost of the precious metal Pd restrict the industrialisation of Pd-zeolites as PNA. This work developed a bimetallic Mn and Ba co-modified SSZ-13 as non-precious metal PNA material.

Polystyrene microplastics attenuated the impact of perfluorobutanoic acid on Chlorella sorokiniana: Hetero-aggregation, bioavailability, physiology, and transcriptomics.

Microplastics (MPs) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), emerging contaminants, are ubiquitous in the environment and toxic to organisms. The interaction of MPs with other contaminants can affect their toxicity. However, the impact of MPs on PFBA toxicity remains unknown.

Unveiling the degradation mechanism of 3,5-dichloroaniline: Activated sludge acclimation, strain isolation and gene cloning.

3,5-Dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) is extensively used in synthesizing dicarboximide fungicides, medical compounds and dyes. Due to its widespread use in agriculture and industry, 3,5-DCA is often detected in groundwater, wastewater, sediments and soil, posing great risk to animals and humans. However, the genes and enzymes involved in 3,5-DCA degradation remain unidentified.

Efficacy and safety of a modified DVD regimen followed by lenalidomide for the treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma.

Background: The common drugs used for the treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) include bortezomib and lenalidomide, but the adverse effects of lenalidomide cannot be ignored, especially when it is used in the initial therapy.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a modified DVD regimen (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone) followed by lenalidomide in the treatment of NDMM. A total of 40 NDMM patients were treated with a reduced dose of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (20 mg/m) on day 1, subcutaneous bortezomib (1.

Sequential Proteomic and N-Glycoproteomic Analyses of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids for Potential Biomarker Discovery of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Herein, a multiomics method, which combined proteomic and N-glycoproteomic analyses, was developed to analyze the normal and cancerous bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) from six LUAD patients to identify potential biomarkers of LUAD. The data-independent acquisition proteomic analysis was first used to analyze BALFs, which identified 59 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs).

Rational Design of Nanozymes for Engineered Cascade Catalytic Cancer Therapy.

Nanozymes have shown significant potential in cancer catalytic therapy by strategically catalyzing tumor-associated substances and metabolites into toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) , thereby inducing oxidative stress and promoting cancer cell death. However, within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), the rational design of nanozymes and factors like activity, reaction substrates, and the TME itself significantly influence the efficiency of ROS generation. To address these limitations, recent research has focused on exploring the factors that affect activity and developing nanozyme-based cascade catalytic systems, which can trigger two or more cascade catalytic processes within tumors, thereby producing more therapeutic substances and achieving efficient and stable cancer therapy with minimal side effects.

Highly Optimized CNS Penetrant Inhibitors of EGFR Exon20 Insertion Mutations.

Despite recent advances in the inhibition of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), there remains a clinical need for new EGFR Exon20 insertion (Ex20Ins) inhibitors that spare EGFR WT. Herein, we report the discovery and optimization of two chemical series leading to ether and biaryl as potent, selective, and brain-penetrant inhibitors of Ex20Ins mutants. Building on our earlier discovery of alkyne which allowed access to CNS property space for an Ex20Ins inhibitor, we utilized structure-based design to move to lower lipophilicity and lower CL compounds while maintaining a WT selectivity margin.

Nickel-Catalyzed Electroreductive Sulfuration of Alkyl Alcohols with Pyridyl Thioesters.

We demonstrate here an efficient and facile Ni-catalyzed electrochemical cross-electrophile thiolation approach for readily available alkyl alcohols with pyridyl thioesters. This C(sp)-S bond-forming modular strategy displays extensive substrate adaptability and good functional group tolerance, which allows the production of a range of alkyl sulfides with specific chemoselectivity. Furthermore, the potential applications of this methodology are illustrated by last-stage modification of bioactive molecules and sulfinylative cross-couplings.

Accumulation of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides during Lychee Pulp Fermentation with Involves Endoglucanase Expression.

In the current work, lychee pulp was subjected to ATCC 14917 fermentation, leading to a substantial increase (2.32-2.67-fold) in water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP).

PbOI: A Lead Oxyhalide IR Optical Crystal with an Unprecedented [OPb] Chain Featuring a Wide Transmittance Range and Large Birefringence.

Among the infrared (IR) optical material systems, the heavy-metal oxyhalide system has become an emerging system in recent years. Introducing heavy-metal cations and halogen anions with large atomic numbers is conducive to widening the IR transparency window and improving the birefringence value. Our experiments focus on the PbO-PbI system and find a new lead oxyhalide, PbOI.

PRRSV-2 nsp2 Ignites NLRP3 inflammasome through IKKβ-dependent dispersed trans-Golgi network translocation.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a fundamental component of the innate immune system, yet its excessive activation is intricately associated with viral pathogenesis. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2), belonging to the family Arteriviridae, triggers dysregulated cytokine release and interstitial pneumonia, which can quickly escalate to acute respiratory distress and death. However, a mechanistic understanding of PRRSV-2 progression remains unclear.

Association of P2X7 polymorphisms on Type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility and diabetic complications.

Objectives: This case-control study aims to clarify the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the P2X7 gene on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate their association with diabetic complications.

Methods: This study is comprised with 200 T2DM cases and 200 healthy controls. Seven candidate SNP loci were screened, and TaqMan-MGB real-time PCR technology was used to determine the polymorphic variants of P2X7.

Identification and validation of key autophagy-related genes in lupus nephritis by bioinformatics and machine learning.

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most frequent and serious organic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autophagy, a new form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in a variety of renal diseases, but the relationship between autophagy and LN remains unelucidated.

Methods: We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in kidney tissues from 14 LN patients and 7 normal controls using the GSE112943 dataset.

Classification of CT scan and X-ray dataset based on deep learning and particle swarm optimization.

In 2019, the novel coronavirus swept the world, exposing the monitoring and early warning problems of the medical system. Computer-aided diagnosis models based on deep learning have good universality and can well alleviate these problems. However, traditional image processing methods may lead to high false positive rates, which is unacceptable in disease monitoring and early warning.

Homochiral BINOL-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Luminescence Sensing of Hydrobenzoin Enantiomers.

Luminescent chiral metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) are promising candidates for the enantioselective sensing of important chiral molecules. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of Zn and Cd CMOFs based on 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL)-derived 3,3',6,6'-tetra(benzoic acids), H-OEt and H-OH. Four CMOFs, -OEt, -OH, -OEt, and -OH, based on these ligands were crystallographically characterized.

Pressure-Induced Emission Enhancement of Multi-Resonance o-Carborane Derivatives via Exciton‒Vibration Coupling Suppression.

Polycyclic multiple resonance (MR) molecules reveal narrowband emission, making them very promising emitters for high color purity display. Nevertheless, they still have challenges such as aggregation-induced emission quenching and spectral broadening. Overcoming these obstacles requires an in-depth understanding of the correlations among the alterations in their geometries, packing structures, and molecular vibrations and their corresponding changes in their photoluminescence (PL) properties.