Establishing age-group specific reference intervals of human salivary proteome and its preliminary application for epilepsy diagnosis.

Salivary proteins serve multifaceted roles in maintaining oral health and hold significant potential for diagnosing and monitoring diseases due to the non-invasive nature of saliva sampling. However, the clinical utility of current saliva biomarker studies is limited by the lack of reference intervals (RIs) to correctly interpret the testing result. Here, we developed a rapid and robust saliva proteome profiling workflow, obtaining coverage of >1,200 proteins from a 50-µL unstimulated salivary flow with 30 min gradients.

Strategy and Design of In Situ Activated Protein Hydrolysis Targeted Chimeras.

Protein hydrolysis targeted chimeras (PROTACs) represent a different therapeutic approach, particularly relevant for overcoming challenges associated with traditional small molecule inhibitors. These challenges include targeting difficult proteins that are often deemed "undruggable" and addressing issues of acquired resistance. PROTACs employ the body's own E3 ubiquitin ligases to induce the degradation of specific proteins of interest (POIs) through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

Plant Coumarin Metabolism-Microbe Interactions: An Effective Strategy for Reducing Imidacloprid Residues and Enhancing the Nutritional Quality of Pepper.

Imidacloprid (IMI) stress positively correlates with the potential of coumarins to alleviate abiotic stress. However, little is known about the pathways and mechanisms by which coumarin reduces the IMI residue by regulating plant secondary metabolism and plant-microbe interactions. This study examined the impact of coumarin on the uptake, translocation, and metabolism of IMI in pepper plants by modulating the signal molecule levels and microbial communities in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere.

Amine-Promoted Three-Component Radical Selenofunctionalization for the Construction of β-Hydroxy Selenide Derivatives.

An amine-promoted three-component radical selenofunctionalization reaction of alkenes with TBHP and diselenide is disclosed. The reaction conditions are mild and suitable for a wide range of substrates (29 examples), and all give the corresponding hydroxyselenenylation products in moderate to excellent yields. In addition, preliminary studies on the mechanism reveal that the current method might proceed via a radical pathway.

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria HL14-3 Inoculation Enhances Drought Tolerance in Cucumber by Triggering Abscisic Acid-Mediated Stomatal Closure.

Drought limits crop growth and yield. Inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) emerges as a promising strategy to protect crops against drought. However, the number of drought-tolerant PGPR is limited, and the regulation mechanisms remain elusive.

Cilia-Mimic Locomotion of Magnetic Colloidal Collectives Enhanced by Low-Intensity Ultrasound for Thrombolytic Drug Penetration.

Rapid thrombolysis is very important to reduce complications caused by vascular blockage. A promising approach for improving thrombolysis efficiency is utilizing the permanent magnetically actuated locomotion of nanorobots. However, the thrombolytic drug transportation efficiency is challenged by in-plane rotating locomotion and the insufficient drug penetration limits further improvement of thrombolysis.

Super-enhancer Activates Master Transcription Factor NR3C1 Expression and Promotes 5-FU Resistance in Gastric Cancer.

Poor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains an obstacle in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Super enhancers (SEs) are crucial for determining tumor cell survival under drug pressure. SE landscapes related to 5-FU-resistance are mapped to GC using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq).

A Modular Engineered DNA Nanodevice for Precise Profiling of Telomerase RNA Location and Activity.

Increased telomerase activity has been considered as a conspicuous sign of human cancers. The catalytic cores of telomerase involve a reverse transcriptase and the human telomerase RNA (hTR). However, current detection of telomerase is largely limited to its activity at the tissue and single-cell levels.

Organoids as a model system for researching human neuroendocrine tumor of the breast.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors primarily consist of endocrine cells commonly located in neural tissue and the endocrine system. Primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast are highly heterogeneous tumors characterized by a diverse cell population. Their rarity in the breast poses considerable challenges in studying their pathogenesis and developing effective treatments.

Association between fundamental movement skills and accelerometer-measured physical activity in orphan children with severe intellectual disabilities.

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically exhibit low levels of physical activity (PA) and delayed motor skills. Understanding the motor skill factors that influence PA participation in this population is essential for designing effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fundamental motor skills (FMS) and objectively measured PA among orphan children with severe ID residing in welfare institutions.

Reduced gut microbiota diversity in ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection during vedolizumab therapy: insights on prophylactic anti-tuberculosis effects.

Background: The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in ulcerative colitis (UC) development. This study explores the impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on the gut microbiota in UC and assesses changes during vedolizumab treatment, investigating prophylactic anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Results: This cohort study included adult patients with UC receiving vedolizumab treatment at Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University from April 2021 to December 2022.

Detecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling molecules in cervical epithelial cells aids in the early diagnosis of cervical lesions.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential utility of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling cell detection in the early diagnosis of cervical lesions.

Methods: Enrichment of cervical epithelial cells was carried out using a calibrated membrane with 8-μm diameter pores. RNA-in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) was employed to detect and characterize EMT cells utilizing specific EMT markers.

Association between cardiometabolic index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among the general population: NHANES 1999-2018.

Background: Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a comprehensive clinical parameter which integrates overweight and abnormal lipid metabolism. However, its relationship with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality is still obscure. Thus, a large-scale cohort study was conducted to illustrate the causal relation between CMI and CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality among the common American population.

Temporal trends in disability adjusted life year and mortality for colorectal cancer attributable to a high red meat diet in China from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: High red meat consumption is a main modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer mortality (CRC), but its attributable disease burden remains unclear in China. We aimed to analyze the temporal trends in CRC deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high red meat consumption in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the disease burden in the next 15 years.

Methods: Data was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

Advancements in MRSA treatment: the role of berberine in enhancing antibiotic therapy.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant public health problem. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of berberine (BBR), a plant alkaloid, against MRSA, evaluating its potential to enhance antibiotic therapy.

Results: Berberine only demonstrated variable but significant inhibitory effects on 50 clinical MRSA strains.

Potent prophylactic cancer vaccines harnessing surface antigens shared by tumour cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.

The development of prophylactic cancer vaccines typically involves the selection of combinations of tumour-associated antigens, tumour-specific antigens and neoantigens. Here we show that membranes from induced pluripotent stem cells can serve as a tumour-antigen pool, and that a nanoparticle vaccine consisting of self-assembled commercial adjuvants wrapped by such membranes robustly stimulated innate immunity, evaded antigen-specific tolerance and activated B-cell and T-cell responses, which were mediated by epitopes from the abundant number of antigens shared between the membranes of tumour cells and pluripotent stem cells. In mice, the vaccine elicited systemic antitumour memory T-cell and B-cell responses as well as tumour-specific immune responses after a tumour challenge, and inhibited the progression of melanoma, colon cancer, breast cancer and post-operative lung metastases.

Ecotoxicity of Biodegradable Microplastics and Bio-based Microplastics: A Review of in vitro and in vivo Studies.

As biodegradable and bio-based plastics increasingly replace conventional plastics, the need for a comprehensive understanding of their ecotoxicity becomes more pressing. This review systematically presents the ecotoxicity of the microplastics (MPs) from different biodegradable plastics and bioplastics on various animals and plants. High doses of polylactic acid (PLA) MPs (10%) have been found to reduce plant nitrogen content and biomass, and affect the accumulation of heavy metals in plants.

Development and validation of a nomogram model to predict the risk of strangulated intestinal obstruction.

To develop and validate a nomogram model for discriminating simple intestinal obstruction and strangulated intestinal obstruction, thus providing objective evidence for clinical decision-making. Following pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 560 patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction who were admitted to the Emergency Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. The data was subsequently split into a training cohort (n = 393) and a validation cohort (n = 167) using a 7:3 ratio.

Comparison of clinical outcomes of bilateral and unilateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

The risks and benefits associated with simultaneous bilateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) continue to engender contentious debate. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of simultaneous bilateral and unilateral UKA. A retrospective review was performed between 2019 and 2022 on 280 patients (130 simultaneous bilateral vs.

Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and type 2 diabetic microvascular complications in euthyroid patients.

The correlation between thyroid hormone (TH) sensitivity and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the association between TH sensitivity and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic neuropathy (DNP) in euthyroid T2DM patients. This study included a total of 946 hospitalized T2DM patients and calculated their sensitivity to the TH index, and each patient completed screenings for DKD, DR, and DNP.

Examining the impact of globalization and natural resources on environmental sustainability in G20 countries.

The G20 countries are responsible for around 75% of the world's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including the use of natural resources. In this regard, the role of globalization in achieving environmental sustainability is a relatively new topic of concern. As a result, the present study considers how globalization and natural resources affect GHG emissions, as well as the roles that renewable energy consumption and urbanization play in the G20 countries between 1990 and 2020.

Crops3D: a diverse 3D crop dataset for realistic perception and segmentation toward agricultural applications.

Point cloud analysis is a crucial task in computer vision. Despite significant advances over the past decade, the developments in agricultural domain have faced challenges due to a scarcity of datasets. To facilitate 3D point cloud research in agriculture community, we introduce Crops3D, the diverse real-world dataset derived from authentic agricultural scenarios.

Bulk and Single-Cell Transcriptome Analyses Unravel Gene Signatures of Mitochondria-Associated Programmed Cell Death in Diabetic Foot Ulcer.

Mitochondrial programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis to identify potential hub genes and key cell types associated with PCD and mitochondria in DFU. Using intersection analysis of PCD- and mitochondria-related genes, we identified candidate hub genes through protein-protein interaction and random forest analysis.

High-Performance Circular Polarization Multiple-Resonance TADF Molecules with Enhanced Long-Range Charge Transfer Based on Chiral Paracyclophane.

Circularly polarized multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP-MR-TADF) materials have received widespread attention in recent years, but it remains a formidable challenge to design high-performance CP-MR-TADF emitters concurrently exhibiting high quantum efficiency, narrowband emission, and high dissymmetry factor (). Here, we perform an in-depth theoretical investigation on the CP-MR-TADF materials based on [2.2] paracyclophane (pCp) derivatives.

Peripheral, central, and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic changes in pancreatic cancer.

In pancreatic cancer, significant alterations occur in the local nervous system, including axonogenesis, neural remodeling, perineural invasion, and perineural neuritis. Pancreatic cancer can impact the central nervous system (CNS) through cancer cell-intrinsic factors or systemic factors, particularly in the context of cancer cachexia. These peripheral and central neuropathic changes exert substantial influence on cancer initiation and progression.