Determination of Osmotic Flow in Water Transport in an Illitic Clay.

Experimental studies have shown that osmosis could be one of the mechanisms of water transport in porous materials that act, to a certain extent, as semipermeable membranes. In this paper, an experimental apparatus and the corresponding model to measure and determine the osmotic efficiency, , of bulk porous materials are described. Both the apparatus and model to interpret water transport in samples are modifications of those of Sherwood and Craster.

Dynamics of One-Directional Functionally Graded Plates with Different Sizes of Microstructure: Theoretical Tolerance Modelling.

The dynamics of thin elastic one-directional non-periodic plates are considered in this paper. The structure of these plates is, at a macro level, functionally graded along the -axis, but at the micro level it is non-periodic (tolerance-periodic). In the plates, the effect of a microstructure size on their behaviour can play a crucial role.

Application of Fuzzy Logic-Based Expert Advisory Systems in Optimizing the Decision-Making Process for Material Selection in Additive Manufacturing.

In the era of Industry 4.0, additive manufacturing (AM) technology plays a crucial role in optimizing production processes, especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) striving to enhance competitiveness. Selecting the appropriate material for AM is a complex process that requires considering numerous technical, economic, and environmental criteria.

Residual Stress in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys: A Parametric Study.

Welding-induced residual stress has the capacity to significantly compromise the integrity of mechanical components. Its minimization therefore plays a critical role in the selection of process parameters during the welding process. Friction stir welding is a useful joining technique to weld many materials that are not amenable to the traditional welding techniques.

Acoustic Performance of Tufted Carpets Coupled with Underlayment Produced from Tannery Wool Waste.

Sheep wool is a precious, renewable raw material that is nowadays disregarded and wasted. To better use local sources of wool, it was used to manufacture tufted carpets. The coarse wool of mountain sheep was used to form a carpet pile layer, while the waste wool from the tannery industry was applied to form carpet underlayment.

Preparation and Physical Properties of Quaternary MnFeSiAl Alloy Powders with Heusler and β-Mn Structures.

Manganese-based alloys with the composition MnFeZ (Z = Si, Al) have been extensively investigated in recent years due to their potential applications in spintronics. The MnFeSi alloy, prepared in the form of ingots, powders, or ribbons, exhibits either a cubic full-Heusler (2) structure, an inverse-Heusler (XA) structure, or a combination of both. In contrast, the MnFeAl alloy has so far been synthesized only in the form of ingots, featuring a primitive cubic (β-Mn type) structure.

Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB Alloy After Casting and After Homogenization Annealing.

This article shows the results of research conducted on the corrosion resistance of the FeAl (Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB) alloy in two variants: the alloy after casting and after homogenization annealing (1000 °C, 93 h). Analysis of the microstructure of these alloys was conducted on the light microscope, and the phase composition was determined by X-ray diffraction.

Four-Dimensional Printing of β-Tricalcium Phosphate-Modified Shape Memory Polymers for Bone Scaffolds in Osteochondral Regeneration.

The use of scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration requires an appropriate selection of materials and manufacturing techniques that provide the basis for supporting both cartilage and bone tissue formation. As scaffolds are designed to replicate a part of the replaced tissue and ensure cell growth and differentiation, implantable materials have to meet various biological requirements, e.g.

The Influence of Leather Type on Thermal and Smoke-Generating Properties.

The main purpose of this article was to determine the smoke-generating and thermal properties of selected types of natural leather. Differences in the amount of smoke generated from the type of finish used in the technological processing of leather were observed. Research has shown that the burnt nubuck (367) sample with exposure at the heat flux intensity of 25 kW/m without the presence of a pilot burner flame achieved the highest value of the specific optical density D.

Evaluation of the Tribological Behavior of Materials Used for the Production of Orthodontic Devices in 3D DLP Printing Technology, Due to Oral Cavity Environmental Factors.

This study evaluated the effect of oral cavity environmental factors on the friction and wear of materials used in 3D-printed orthodontic devices. Commercial materials GR-10 (Pro3Dure) and NextDent SG (NextDent) were examined, with samples produced using ASIGA UV MAX and Phrozen Shuffle Lite 3D printers. Our tests included measurements of hardness, stiffness, elastic modulus, cyclic loading, scratch resistance, and tribological assessments in oscillatory motion.

Investigation of Biodegradation, Artificial Aging and Antibacterial Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate) Biocomposites with Onion Peels and Wheat Bran.

The present article focuses on the characterization of the new biocomposites of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) with fillers of plant origin such as onion peels (OP) and durum wheat bran WB () subjected to composting and artificial aging. The susceptibility to fungal growth, cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties were also examined. The biodegradation of the samples was investigated under normalized conditions simulating an intensive aerobic composting process.

Steel Ball Impact on SiC/AlSi12 Interpenetrated Composite by Peridynamics.

Silicon carbide and an aluminum alloy (SiC/AlSi12) composite are obtained during the pressurized casting process of the aluminum alloy into the SiC foam. The foam acts as a high-stiffness skeleton that strengthens the aluminum alloy matrix. The goal of the paper is to describe the behavior of the material, considering its internal structure.

Glass/Polyester Laminates Modified with L-Arginine Phosphate-Effects on the Flammability and Smoke Emission.

Flammability and smoke generation of glass-fiber-reinforced polyester laminates (GFRPs) modified with L-arginine phosphate (ArgPA) have been investigated. The composition, structure, and thermal degradation processes of ArgPA were assessed by the elemental, FTIR, and thermogravimetric analyses. Flammability and smoke emission of GFRPs varying by different amounts (5-15 wt.

Sustainable Management of Photovoltaic Waste Through Recycling and Material Use in the Construction Industry.

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) technology as a source of renewable energy has resulted in a significant increase in PV panel waste, creating environmental and economic challenges. A promising strategy to address these challenges is the reuse of glass waste from decommissioned PV panels as a component of cementitious materials. This review explores the potential of integrating glass waste from PV panels into cementitious materials, focusing on its impact on their mechanical, thermal, and durability properties.

Innovative Supported Membranes for Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS) Sample Introduction Systems with High Permeability Relative to Toxic Agents in Air (TAAs).

One of the main objectives of the ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technique is to reduce moisture in detection systems, which causes the formation of ion clusters and ion water and a reduction in formed clusters' activity. Thus, one of the methods limiting moisture in a sampling injection system is to use hydrophobic polymeric membranes. The use of membranes with high permeability relative to the analysed organic compounds is required, including toxic agents in air (TAAs).

Investigation of the Effect of the Shape of Cutting Knives Limiting Burr in High-Strength Multiphase Steel Sheets.

In this study, numerical modeling and experimental tests of the sheet metal cutting process were carried out in order to determine the shape of the cutting knives for a roller shear, ensuring the minimization of burr on the cut edge. A rolling mill was used for the tests, enabling the replication of the cutting process in a roller shear (demonstrating the possibility of using cutting rollers). The cutting edges of the sheets were examined using light microscopy and then compared with the results of numerical simulations to determine the cutting quality.

Stability and Rheological Properties of the Novel Silica-Based Organogel-A Drug Carrier with High Solubilization Potential.

Dissolution of a poorly soluble active pharmacological substance in a drug carrier usually requires advanced techniques and production equipment. The use of novel carriers such as microemulsions, vesicles, or nanocarriers might entail various limitations concerning production cost, formulation stability, or active substance capacity. In this paper, we present a novel fumed silica-based organogel as a low-cost, simple preparation drug or cosmetic carrier with interesting rheological properties and high solubilization capacity.

Research on Two-Layer Polymer Composites Alternatively Obtained in a Constant Magnetic Field.

The aim of this research was to obtain two-layer polymer composites with favorable mechanical and functional properties. The composites consisted of one lower layer of polymer with less elastic properties, containing no admixtures, and one upper layer of polymer with more elastic properties, containing plant admixtures, in the amount of 10% by weight of either goldenrod ( L.), or of turmeric ( L.

Recycling of Agricultural Film Wastes for Use as a Binder in Building Composites.

Plastic film, also known as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), poses serious environmental challenges due to mass production, short life cycle, and poor waste management. The main aim of this paper was to examine the suitability of using agricultural waste film as a binder in construction composites instead of the traditional cement slurry. Molten at temperatures of around 120-150 °C wastes was mixed with fine sand and gravel aggregate as filler.

Evaluation of the Thermal Insulation Properties of Composites with ZrO/Al Coatings Intended for the Construction of Protective Gloves.

The article presents research on the evaluation of the use of two four-layer textile composites with ZrO/Al coatings of different thicknesses (deposited by magnetron sputtering PVD) with potential use in thermally insulating protective gloves designed for steelworkers, welders, or miners. The structure of the composites was analyzed using high-resolution X-ray micro-CT. The assessment of the safety of the glove user was conducted using methods in which the composites were exposed to contact heat, radiant heat, and flame heat.

The Influence of Terfenol-D Content on the Structure and Properties of Multiferroic Composites Obtained Based on PZT-Type Material and Terfenol-D.

In this work, three composite materials based on Terfenol-D and PZT-type material were obtained with a classic sintering method using a combination of 0-3 phases, where the ferroelectric phase was doped PZT material (P) and the magnetic phase was Terfenol-D (T). The percentage of P and T components in the composites was variable, i.e.

Accelerated Method for Determining the Fatigue Limit of Trabecular Bone.

This paper presents an experimental method for estimating the fatigue limit of trabecular bone using a single trabecular bone sample, the microstructural parameters of which were determined by microCT. Fatigue tests were carried out using the Locati method, with stepwise increasing load amplitude. The fatigue limits of the trabecular structures were determined experimentally in accordance with Miner's law of fatigue damage accumulation, based on the parameters of the reference S-N curve taken from the literature.

Upcycling Calcium Carbonate as an Alternative Filler in Layered Wood Composite Technology.

Chicken eggshells are a useful waste that may be used somewhere rather than being placed in landfills. They are created in poultry hatcheries, the food sector (making pasta, cakes, and egg products), or our homes. In this project, this study aimed to investigate the possibility of producing plywood using a filler in the gluing process in the form of ground eggshells.

Enhancement of Biopolymer Film Properties Using Spermidine, Zinc Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: A Study of Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Characteristics.

One of the main limitations of biopolymers compared to petroleum-based polymers is their weak mechanical and physical properties. Recent improvements focused on surmounting these constraints by integrating nanoparticles into biopolymer films to improve their efficacy. This study aimed to improve the properties of gelatin-chitosan-based biopolymer layers using zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles combined with spermidine to enhance their mechanical, physical, and thermal properties.

Effects of Thickness of the Corn Seed Coat on the Strength of Processed Biological Materials.

The strength and energy of processed biological materials depend, among others, on their properties. Despite the numerous studies available, the relationship between the internal structure of corn grains and their mechanical properties has not yet been explained. Hence, the aim of the work is to explore the relationship between the internal composition of maize kernels and its mechanical properties by studying the impact of the maize seed coat thickness on its breakage susceptibility.