Everolimus treatment in patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer and a predictive model for its efficacy: a multicenter real-world study.

Background: Everolimus is beneficial for patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC). However, some patients developed drug resistance and the well-established predictor for everolimus efficacy was limited.

Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of everolimus in different treatment lines and identify several clinicopathological markers to estimate everolimus efficacy in patients with HR+/HER2- ABC.

Hyaluronic acid-modified extracellular vesicles for targeted doxorubicin delivery in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent and deadly cancer, poses a significant challenge with current treatments due to limitations such as poor stability, off-target effects, and severe side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), derived from tumor cells, have the remarkable ability to home back to their cells of origin and can serve as Trojan horses for drug delivery. CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, promotes cancer stem cell-like properties and is linked to poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in HCC.

Aβ promotes microglial activation and apoptosis in the progression of AD by binding to TLR4.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases and the most devastating form of senile dementia. It has a complex mechanism and no effective treatment. Exploring the pathogenesis of AD and providing ideas for treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of AD.

A redox-related lncRNA signature in bladder cancer.

The redox status is intricately linked to the development and progression of cancer, a process that can be modulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Previous studies have demonstrated that redox regulation can be considered a potential therapeutic approach for cancer. However, the redox-related lncRNA predictive signature specific to bladder cancer (BCa) has yet to be fully elucidated.

Safety of local thermal ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis and severe thrombocytopenia.

Generally, invasive treatment is contraindication for patients with severe thrombocytopenia, because it may increase risk of bleeding. However, many early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with cirrhosis have platelet counts (PC) less than 50 × 10/L due to hypersplenism. These patients are often accompanied by hepatic insufficiency, which makes hepatectomy impossible, and local thermal ablation (LTA) has become a major treatment.

Restoring sweat gland function in mice using regenerative sweat gland cells derived from chemically reprogrammed human epidermal keratinocytes.

The regeneration of sweat glands (SwGs) plays a pivotal role in the functional recovery of extensive skin wounds. Recent research has illuminated the possibility of reprogramming human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) into induced SwG cells through the ectopic expression of ectodysplasin A. However, the clinical application of this genetic manipulation approach is inherently limited.

Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Patients with Colorectal Advanced Adenoma by Metagenomic Analyses.

Background/aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, mostly arising from adenomatous polyps. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that changes in the gut microbiome play key roles in CRC progression, while quite few studies focused on the altered microbiota architecture of advanced adenoma (AA), a crucial precancerous stage of CRC. Thus, we aimed to investigate the microbial profiles of AA patients.

Comparing outcomes for single-segment vertebral column decancellation performed at different vertebras in ankylosing spondylitis-an observational study.

Background: The surgical procedure of vertebral column decancellation (VCD) has been increasingly performed in orthopaedic surgery for those with spinal deformity. To investigate the results of single-segment VCD performed at different vertebra for correcting thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to guide the osteotomy strategy.

Methods: Eighty-six AS patients (77 males, 9 females) having thoracolumbar kyphosis underwent single-segment VCD (ranging from T12 to L3) between January 2016 and September 2019 were enrolled and divided into four groups according to the osteotomy vertebra: T12 in 9 cases (Group A), L1 in 15 cases (Group B), L2 in 47 cases (Group C), and L3 in 15 cases (Group D).

Key Takeaways From ISASS Webinar Series on Endoscopic Spine Surgery Techniques | Part 4: Advancing the Curve on Surgeons' Experience With Complex Lumbar Revision Scenarios, Grades 1 to 3 Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis, Cervical Foraminotomy, and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Background: The fourth webinar in a 4-part series hosted by the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery explored contemporary endoscopic spine surgery techniques. This session covered complex revision strategies, endoscopic management of grades 1-3 spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, cervical foraminotomy, and decompression techniques for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Objective: The aim was to assess surgeon endorsement of the discussed endoscopic spine surgery techniques both before and after the webinar using polytomous Rasch analysis.

Insights on High-Value Procedures From the ISASS 4-Part Webinar Series on Current and Emerging Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery Based on Surgeon Experience.

Background: The authors conducted a comprehensive review and integration of insights from 4 webinars hosted by the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery (ISASS) to arrive at recommendations for best clinical practices for guideline development for endoscopic spine surgery. This perspective article discusses the limitations of traditional surgical trials and amalgamates surgeons' experience and research on various cutting-edge techniques.

Methods: Data were extracted from surveys conducted during each webinar session involving 3639 surgeons globally.

Serum proteomics identifies biomarkers for predicting non-survivors in elderly COVID-19 patients.

In December 2022, China ceased the zero-COVID-19 policy, resulting in an increase in hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19, particularly among the elderly population. Predicting non-survivors aims to identify high-risk patients and enable targeted interventions to improve survival rates. Additionally, understanding factors affecting prognosis provides essential insights for further research and optimization of treatment strategies.

Ubiquitination and degradation of MHC-II by Tim-3 inhibits antiviral immunity.

We previously reported that Tim-3, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, inhibits MHC-II expression, but the molecular mechanisms involved and the implications for antiviral immunity remain to be determined. Here, we found that during H1N1 infection, Tim-3 inhibits MHC-II expression in macrophages/microglia in vitro. Tim-3 interacts with MHC-II via its intracellular tail and induces proteasomal dependent degradation of MHC-II.

Value of high frame rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound in predicting microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the value of vascular morphology on high frame rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (H-CEUS) and CEUS Li-RADS in predicting microvascular invasion (MVI), Ki-67 expression and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 78 patients with single HCC diagnosed by postoperative pathology between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022. All patients underwent ultrasound and H-CEUS examination before operation.

Is Vibration Anesthesia Effective and Safe for Pain Reduction in Botulinum Toxin Injection? A Randomized Split-Face Controlled Trial and Cadaver Experiment.

Background: Pain is an important issue in botulinum toxin injection. Vibration anesthesia is a noninvasive way for pain alleviation, but few study reported its use during botulinum toxin injection.

Objectives: To investigate whether vibration anesthesia is effective and safe for pain reduction during botulinum toxin injection for masseter reduction.

Accuracy of prostigmin tests in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis: a meta-analysis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, muscle fatigue tests, prostigmin tests, serum antibody tests, and neuroelectrophysiological examination. This study conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Chinese Periodical Database, Chinese Bio-Medicine Database, VIP, and DuXiu Database to identify relevant studies on the accuracy of prostigmin tests for diagnosing MG, covering publications from 1941 to 2021. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.

Astilbin improves the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in AKI-CKD mice by regulating macrophage polarization through PTGS2-mediated pathway.

Background: Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to be appropriate candidates for the treatment of AKI-CKD, their efficacy is limited and variable. Astilbin (AST) had a protective effect on MSCs from oxidative stress via ROS-scavenging, however, whether it can improve MSCs' renoprotection and the underlying mechanism need to be elucidated.

Methods: AST-pretreated MSCs were administered intravenously into the ischemia-reperfusion injury mice models and the renal function, pathological changes and inflammation.

Machine learning-driven discovery of novel therapeutic targets in diabetic foot ulcers.

Background: To utilize machine learning for identifying treatment response genes in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).

Methods: Transcriptome data from patients with DFU were collected and subjected to comprehensive analysis. Initially, differential expression analysis was conducted to identify genes with significant changes in expression levels between DFU patients and healthy controls.

Red cell distribution width: a potential marker of reduced femoral neck bone mineral density in men and postmenopausal women.

Purpose: Osteoporosis imposes significant burdens. Early detection of high-risk individuals through simple indicators can greatly improve prognosis. Red cell distribution width (RDW), a standard component of a complete blood count, shows promise, yet remains underexplored.

Procaine Regulates the STAT3/CCL5 Axis and Inhibits Microglia M1 Polarization to Alleviate Complete Freund's Adjuvant Rats Pain Behavior.

Neuropathic pain (NP) caused by sciatic nerve injury can significantly impact the quality of life of patients. The M1 phenotype of microglia has been reported to promote the progression of NP. Procaine is a lipid-soluble local anesthetic drug that exerts narcotic analgesic effects.