Gut microbiota regulates oxidative stress and inflammation: a double-edged sword in renal fibrosis.

Gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic system that plays critical roles in human health and various disease. Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) suggests that patients irreversibly progress to end-stage kidney disease and need renal replacement treatments, including dialysis and transplantation. Ample evidence indicates that local oxidative stress and inflammation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD and dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

Focal liver lesions: multiparametric microvasculature characterization via super-resolution ultrasound imaging.

Background: Noninvasive and functional imaging of the focal liver lesion (FLL) vasculature at microscopic scales is clinically challenging. We investigated the feasibility of using super-resolution ultrasound (SR-US) imaging for visualizing and quantifying the microvasculature of intraparenchymal FLLs.

Methods: Patients with FLLs between June 2022 and February 2023 were prospectively screened.

Visualized trends and bibliometric analysis in ankle cartilage repair from 2004 to 2024.

Ankle cartilage injuries are a common sports-related condition that significantly impairs patients' daily activities and imposes substantial economic burdens on both families and society. Effective cartilage repair strategies are crucial to addressing this pathological condition. Current conservative treatments include muscle strengthening, use of ankle braces, physical therapy, and the administration of NSAIDs.

Identification of PSMD2 as a promising biomarker for pancreatic cancer patients based on comprehensive bioinformatics and studies.

Background: Pancreatic cancer patients have limited treatment options and extremely poor prognosis. Dysregulations of proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPases (PSMDs) contribute to the development of various cancers, whereas the significance of PSMDs in pancreatic cancer is poorly understood. In the present study, we intended to explore the therapeutic potential of PSMDs in pancreatic cancer.

A systematic comparative analysis of gait characteristics in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a review study.

Background: This study systematically reviews recent research comparing clinical outcomes and gait function changes in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) versus unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Methods: A systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases was conducted, covering publications from January 2013 to September 2024, to identify studies evaluating changes in clinical scores and gait parameters in patients undergoing TKA or UKA. Following stringent selection criteria, data were synthesized from studies involving 171 TKA and 148 UKA patients, focusing on reported gait outcomes and aggregating findings for comprehensive analysis.

Sub-acute stroke demonstrates altered beta oscillation and connectivity pattern in working memory.

Introduction: Working memory (WM) is suggested to play a pivotal role in relearning and neural restoration during stroke rehabilitation. Using EEG, this study investigated the oscillatory mechanisms of WM in subacute stroke.

Methods: This study included 48 first subacute stroke patients (26 good-recovery, 22 poor-recovery, based on prognosis after a 4-week period) and 24 matched health controls.

Development of an oral cancer detection system through deep learning.

Objective: We aimed to develop an AI-based model that uses a portable electronic oral endoscope to capture intraoral images of patients for the detection of oral cancer.

Subjects And Methods: From September 2019 to October 2023, 205 high-quality annotated images of oral cancer were collected using a portable oral electronic endoscope at the Chinese PLA General Hospital for this study. The U-Net and ResNet-34 deep learning models were employed for oral cancer detection.

Efficacy and Safety of KH903 Plus FOLFIRI as a Second-Line Treatment in Unresectable Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase 2 Study.

Background: Patients with recurrent or metastatic advanced colorectal cancer (mCRC) often face the clinical dilemma as this unresectable disease is continuously progressing and endangering the patients' lives. In the current study, we explored the clinical feasibility of KH903 in combination with FOLFIRI chemotherapy as a new clinical indication for mCRC.

Methods: Patients (N = 122) were randomized 1:1 to 4mg/kg q1w KH903 or 5mg/kg q2w KH903, and both groups of patients were treated with the fixed regimen of FOLFIRI (every 2 weeks) along with the KH903 therapy.

Dexamethasone alleviates acute lung injury in a rat model with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

Background: In recent years, dexamethasone (Dex) has been used to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 and achieved promising outcomes. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) support for patients with ARDS has increased significantly worldwide. However, it remains unknown whether Dex could improve the efficiency of VV ECMO to reduce lung injury.

[Non-targeted Metabolomics-based Exploration of Radiation-induced Metabolic Alterations in Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells].

Background: Metabolic change is one of the important characteristics of radiation pneumonitis. Radiotherapy, as a conventional method for the treatment of thoracic tumors, can not only effectively kill tumor cells, but also cause adverse reactions such as local inflammation and fibrosis, which leads to limited therapeutic effect and profound impact on the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the metabolic changes caused by radiotherapy.

Evaluating the efficacy of the SENO decision framework in managing metastatic spinal disease: a comparative study.

Background Context: The management of metastatic spinal disease presents a complex challenge, with no universally accepted guidelines currently available. A new treatment approach, termed the "SENO" (Systemic Conditions, Effectiveness of Systemic Treatment, Neurology, and Oncology) decision framework, was developed, incorporating a 12-point grading system for epidural spinal cord compression.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the clinical efficacy of the SENO decision framework and compare its outcomes with those from traditional treatment frameworks.

Effects of Pancreatic Fistula After Minimally Invasive and Open Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Importance: Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF) are the biggest contributor to surgical morbidity and mortality after pancreatoduodenectomy. The impact of POPF could be influenced by the surgical approach.

Objective: To assess the clinical impact of POPF in patients undergoing minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD) and open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD).

Res@LDH: A Novel Nanohybrid Therapeutic for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Dual Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Efficiency.

Ischemic stroke poses a global health challenge, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions given the limited time window for thrombolytic therapy. Here, we present Res@LDH, a novel nanohybrid therapeutic agent boasting a dual reactive oxygen species scavenging efficiency of approximately 90%. Comprising Ge-containing layered double hydroxide nanosheets (Ge-LDH) as a drug nanocarrier and resveratrol as a neuroprotective agent, Res@LDH demonstrates enhanced permeability across the blood-brain barrier, ensuring high biocompatibility and stability.

Treatment options for unilateral vestibular schwannoma: a network meta-analysis.

This study aimed to explore the effect of observation, microsurgery, and radiotherapy for patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS). We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library from their establishment to July 31, 2024. 34 non-RCTs and 1 RCT that included 6 interventions were analyzed.

Impact of Intravenous Iron in patients with heart failure and Iron Deficiency: an updated Meta-analysis of Randomized controlled trials.

Background: The actual effects of intravenous iron therapy on hospitalizations, mortality and safety in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency remained controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to elucidate the cardiovascular benefits and safety of intravenous iron therapy.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant RCTs of intravenous iron therapy in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency published from inception through April 20, 2024.

Allogeneic platelet lysate activates the SIRT1-PINK1/Parkin pathway: A promising approach for improving mitochondrial function in an in vitro model of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common cause of low back pain and spinal issues. Allogeneic platelet lysate (APL) is a blood product for several growth agents. However, only a few studies have revealed that APL can increase autophagy in defective mitochondria by activating the SIRT1-PINK1/parkin pathway while enhancing mitochondrial function to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.

[Acute kidney injury after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: role of the renin-angiotensin system and the predictive value of its activation status].

Objective: To investigate the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and the predictive value of RAS activation status for AKI.

Methods: Eighty-two patients undergoing LRN at the Third Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA from December, 2023 to March, 2024 were enrolled, including 57 with postoperative AKI and 25 without AKI according to KDIGO criteria. Blood and urine samples were collected from the patients before and at 24 h after the operation for analyzing the correlation of urinary aldosterone, plasma ACE2, Ang1-7, Nrf-2, and IL-10 levels with postoperative AKI.

Nomogram for the prediction of relapse factors in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder during rituximab treatment.

Objectives: Develop a nomogram to analyse the factors influencing the relapse of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) during rituximab (RTX) treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 214 NMOSD patients identified 181 with AQP4-IgG-seropositive. 32 patients who relapsed during RTX treatment were included, and 122 sets of lymphocyte subset monitoring data were collected.