Aflatoxin exposure is associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer.

Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is common among the socioeconomically deprived populations of certain geographical regions. Aflatoxin is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which is recognized to have a role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of aflatoxin in the pathogenesis of GBC is largely unknown.

Wnt Signaling Modulators Exhibit Neuroprotective Effects via Combating Astrogliosis and Balancing Synaptic Density at Early and Late Stage Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is a severe neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures that often do not respond well to available anti-seizure medications. TLE has been associated with epileptogenesis, a process that starts during the latent period following a neurologic insult and is followed by chronic phase. Recent research has linked canonical Wnt signaling to the pathophysiology of epileptogenesis and TLE.

Analyzing the clinical efficacy and safety of levocetirizine based on its receptor occupancy, intraclass comparison and role in the treatment of CSU: an AROG consensus statement.

Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by urticaria persisting for more than 6 weeks. Antihistamines, notably sgAH (second generation antihistamines) are the first line of treatment for CSU.

Areas Covered: This consensus aimed to review the existing research on receptor occupancy of antihistamines, including levocetirizine, and translate its implications in the treatment of CSU.

Small Donors, Big Impact: Optimizing Organ Utilization in Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation From Extra Small Pediatric Donors.

Introduction: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) is the preferred treatment for individuals with type-1 diabetes and end-stage renal disease. However, a limited supply of "Ideal Pancreas Donors" contributed to a growing disparity between available organs and recipients. Even though SPK outcomes from pediatric donors match those from adult donors, unclear guidelines on minimum age and weight criteria for extra small pediatric pancreas donors lead to hesitancy among several transplant centers to utilize these grafts due to concerns about inadequate islet mass, technical challenges, and increased risk of allograft thrombosis.

Neonatal CSF glucose measured by blood gas analyzer, glucometer, and standard laboratory methods.

Objective: To determine agreement between neonatal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose measured by standard laboratory method versus blood gas analyzers (BGA) and glucometers.

Study Design: This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a level III neonatal unit on 97 neonates undergoing lumbar puncture. Agreement was estimated by Lin's coefficient of concordance and Bland-Altman plot.

Prevalence and factors associated with psychological morbidity, phantom limb Pain in lower limb amputees.

Background: Lower limb amputation can lead to psychological problems.There is a lack of data to evaluate the psychological problems and associated factors in lower limb amputees.

Aim: Prevalence and factors associated with psychological disorder and phantom limb pain in lower limb amputees METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling technique.

Dietary patterns and risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Systematic evaluation of evidence assessing the role of dietary patterns on oral and oropharyngeal (OOP) cancer risk can provide a better understanding of their relationship. This systematic review of observational studies aimed to integrate the most recent evidence on the relationship between posteriori and priori dietary patterns and risk of development of OOP cancers. Studies were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, and a total of 22 publications were included in the systematic review, of which 17 were included in the meta-analysis.

Safety, efficacy, and optical coherence tomography insights into intravascular lithotripsy for the modification of non-eruptive calcified nodules: A prospective observational study.

Background: Non-eruptive calcium nodules (CNs) are commonly seen in heavily calcified coronary artery disease. They are the most difficult subset for modification, and may result in stent damage, malapposition and under-expansion. There are only limited options available for non-eruptive CN modification.

Excreted albumin of diabetic microalbuminuria cases exhibits pseudo esterase activity: A new way to explore microalbuminuria, perhaps with more information.

Background: Microalbuminuria is associated with several clinical conditions of public health concern. Particularly in diabetic patients, there is routine microalbuminuria screening to understand whether the renal complication has progressed to the microalbuminuria stage or not. Therefore, microalbuminuria detection is a matter of considerable interest.

The minimal important difference of one-minute-sit-to-stand test in subjects with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background And Objective: There is a need for simple functional test to assess treatment response in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in resource-constrained settings. The one-minute-sit-to-stand test (1-min-STS) is one such test. However, the minimal important difference (MID) for 1-min-STS in subjects with CPA remains unknown.

Diagnosis and management of pediatric acute liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ISPGHAN).

Timely diagnosis and management of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is of paramount importance to improve survival. The Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition invited national and international experts to identify and review important management and research questions. These covered the definition, age appropriate stepwise workup for the etiology, non-invasive diagnosis and management of cerebral edema, prognostic scores, criteria for listing for liver transplantation (LT) and bridging therapies in PALF.

Evaluation of the Plasma Expression Levels of miR-21 and miR-145 as Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. Early detection would be greatly enhanced if accurate and cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers for CRC were accessible. The development of blood tests would evidently lower the screening cost of CRC detection.

The diagnostic conundrum of hyper eosinophilia-Sheer tenacity of a parasite.

We present an interesting and rare case of Capillaria hepatica infection in a 2-year-old boy, who presented with fever, rash, hepatomegaly and peripheral eosinophilia. FNAC of hepatic lesion showed parasitic eggs and PCR from the aspirate confirmed the diagnosis. We describe the cytomorphological features and provide educational multiple-choice questions related to the topic.

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sub-Himalayan India (1967-2023): A Systematic Review.

Substantial gains have been achieved in the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the four endemic states of India; however, cases are sporadically reported from other nonendemic regions of India such as the sub-Himalayan region, which can be a hurdle to VL elimination. We analyzed VL reports published from the sub-Himalayan regions of India over seven decades (1967-2023) in this systematic review. Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for VL cases from sub-Himalayan regions of India.

Trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomographic imaging in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Context: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of fragility fracture despite normal areal bone mineral density (BMD). The contribution of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PN) to volumetric BMD (vBMD) and bone microarchitecture in T2D is not explored.

Objective: To assess vBMD and microarchitectural properties of bone using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in patients of T2D with or without PN.

Anti-RANKL Antibody For Active Charcot Foot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy (CNO) is characterized with increased osteoclastic activity that can be curbed with antiresorptive agents. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) precludes bisphosphonates but anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (anti-RANKL) antibody, denosumab, can be contemplated in CKD. We investigated denosumab for active CNO of foot in CKD for CNO remission.