Loading Enhances Glucose Uptake in Muscles, Bones, and Bone Marrow of Lower Extremities in Humans.

Context: Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.

Objectives: We herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities.

Methods: In this single-center clinical trial with a randomized crossover design (ClinicalTrials.

Hemoglobin concentration and blood shift during dry static apnea in elite breath hold divers.

Introduction: Elite breath-hold divers (BHD) enduring apneas of more than 5 min are characterized by tolerance to arterial blood oxygen levels of 4.3 kPa and low oxygen-consumption in their hearts and skeletal muscles, similar to adult seals. Adult seals possess an adaptive higher hemoglobin-concentration and Bohr effect than pups, and when sedated, adult seals demonstrate a blood shift from the spleen towards the brain, lungs, and heart during apnea.

Joint EANM-SNMMI guideline on the role of 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in no special type breast cancer : (endorsed by the ACR, ESSO, ESTRO, EUSOBI/ESR, and EUSOMA).

Introduction: There is much literature about the role of 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in patients with breast cancer (BC). However, there exists no international guideline with involvement of the nuclear medicine societies about this subject.

Purpose: To provide an organized, international, state-of-the-art, and multidisciplinary guideline, led by experts of two nuclear medicine societies (EANM and SNMMI) and representation of important societies in the field of BC (ACR, ESSO, ESTRO, EUSOBI/ESR, and EUSOMA).

Seasonal variation in D2/3 dopamine receptor availability in the human brain.

Purpose: Brain functional and physiological plasticity is essential to combat dynamic environmental challenges. The rhythmic dopamine signaling pathway, which regulates emotion, reward and learning, shows seasonal patterns with higher capacity of dopamine synthesis and lower number of dopamine transporters during dark seasons. However, seasonal variation of the dopamine receptor signaling remains to be characterized.

Voluntary wheel running reduces tumor growth and increases capillarity in the heart during doxorubicin chemotherapy in a murine model of breast cancer.

The possible beneficial effects of physical activity during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer need further investigation as many of the existing studies have been done on non-tumor-bearing models. Therefore, in this study, we aim to assess whether short-term voluntary wheel-running exercise during doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer-bearing mice could induce beneficial cardiac effects and enhance chemotherapy efficacy. Murine breast cancer I3TC cells were inoculated subcutaneously to the flank of female FVB mice ( = 16) that were divided into exercised and non-exercised groups.

Charcot Foot: An Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Areas of Uncertainty.

Background And Aims: Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy (CN) is considered a rare complication of diabetic neuropathy. Due to its insidious mode of presentation, CN may be difficult to diagnose timely and a high index of suspicion is required from both, the diabetic patient (especially those with neuropathy) and their physicians for the early diagnosis and treatment to prevent major complications.

Methods: We planned a narrative review and searched MEDLINE database to identify evidence regarding CN incidence, treatment options, and recent guidelines.

REsveratrol for VAscular cognitive impairment investigating cerebral Metabolism and Perfusion (REVAMP trial): a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Carotid artery stenosis or occlusion (CASO) is a major cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). There is currently no effective treatment for VCI induced by CASO. Resveratrol, a type of polyphenol, improves cognitive performance in rat CASO models via pleiotropic effects.

Dietary n-3 alpha-linolenic and n-6 linoleic acids modestly lower serum lipoprotein(a) concentration but differentially influence other atherogenic lipoprotein traits: A randomized trial.

Background And Aims: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal, genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor. Limited evidence suggests that dietary unsaturated fat may increase serum Lp(a) concentration by 10-15 %. Linoleic acid may increase Lp(a) concentration through its endogenous conversion to arachidonic acid, a process regulated by the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster.

Splenic switch-off in [O]HO-positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging using parametric blood flow images.

Background: Evaluation of sufficient adenosine response constitutes a significant challenge in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Splenic switch-off in MPI studies denotes a visually (qualitatively) reduced splenic radiotracer signal during adenosine stress and is considered indicative of sufficient cardiac vasodilation. In this study, we examined semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches to splenic switch-off assessment using [O]HO-PET with either summed activity images or calculated parametric splenic blood flow images.

Long-Term effects of physical activity on weight loss, metabolic parameters and blood pressure in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery: A 5-year follow-up study.

Background: bariatric surgery stands as an effective intervention for weight loss and improved metabolic control in obesity, although over time there is a proportion of weight regain and type-2-diabetes (T2D) relapse.

Aims: to explore the role of physical activity (PA) after surgery and its impact on metabolic parameters during a 5-year follow-up.

Methods: 148 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery completed scheduled examinations over 5-years.

EANM consensus document on the use of [F]FDG PET/CT in fever and inflammation of unknown origin.

Purpose: Patients with fever and inflammation of unknown origin (FUO/IUO) are clinically challenging due to variable clinical presentations with nonspecific symptoms and many differential diagnoses. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is increasingly used in FUO and IUO, but the optimal diagnostic strategy remains controversial. This consensus document aims to assist clinicians and nuclear medicine specialists in the appropriate use of [F]FDG-PET/CT in FUO and IUO based on current evidence.

Mechanisms Leading to Increased Insulin-Stimulated Cerebral Glucose Uptake in Obesity and Insulin Resistance: A High-Fat Diet and Exercise Training Intervention PET Study with Rats (CROSRAT).

Recent studies have shown that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) in the brain. Thus, insulin sensitivity seems to work differently in the brain compared to the peripheral tissues like skeletal muscles, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Regular exercise training improves skeletal muscle and whole-body insulin sensitivity.

Mice and minipigs with compromised expression of the Alzheimer's disease gene show cerebral metabolic disturbances on hyperpolarized [1-C]pyruvate and sodium MRI.

The sortilin-related receptor 1 () gene, encoding the cellular endosomal sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA), is now established as a causal gene for Alzheimer's disease. As the latest addition to the list of causal genes, the pathophysiological effects and biomarker potential of variants remain relatively undiscovered. Metabolic dysfunction is, however, well described in patients with Alzheimer's disease and is used as an imaging biomarker in clinical diagnosis settings.

Alzheimer's disease genetic risk score and neuroimaging in the FINGER lifestyle trial.

Introduction: We assessed a genetic risk score for Alzheimer's disease (AD-GRS) and apolipoprotein E (APOE4) in an exploratory neuroimaging substudy of the FINGER trial.

Methods: 1260 at-risk older individuals without dementia were randomized to multidomain lifestyle intervention or health advice. N = 126 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and N = 47 positron emission tomography (PET) scans (Pittsburgh Compund B [PiB], Fluorodeoxyglucose) at baseline; N = 107 and N = 38 had repeated 2-year scans.

Tumor or Demyelination? Three Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Case Reports and Literature Review.

Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS).

Methods: Clinical data, laboratory and imaging examinations, and treatment of 3 patients with TMS were retrospectively analyzed. Data were further analyzed in relation to the literature.

The degeneration of locus coeruleus occurring during Alzheimer's disease clinical progression: a neuroimaging follow-up investigation.

The noradrenergic nucleus Locus Coeruleus (LC) is precociously involved in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology, and its degeneration progresses during the course of the disease. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), researchers showed also in vivo in patients the disruption of LC, which can be observed both in Mild Cognitively Impaired individuals and AD demented patients. In this study, we report the results of a follow-up neuroradiological assessment, in which we evaluated the LC degeneration overtime in a group of cognitively impaired patients, submitted to MRI both at baseline and at the end of a 2.