India-discovered levonadifloxacin & alalevonadifloxacin: A review on susceptibility testing methods, CLSI quality control and breakpoints along with a brief account of their emerging therapeutic profile as a novel standard-of-care.

Background: Levonadifloxacin (intravenous) and alalevonadifloxacin (oral prodrug) are novel antibiotics based on benzoquinolizine subclass of fluoroquinolone, licensed for clinical use in India in 2019. The active moiety, levonadifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with a high potency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. aureus, multi-drug resistant pneumococci and anaerobes.

Spinal Epidural Varices, a great Mimic of Intervertebral Disc Prolapse - A Case Series.

Introduction: Epidural venous plexus enlargement, presenting with low back pain and radiculopathy, is an uncommon cause of nerve roots impingement. This condition commonly mimics a herniated nucleus pulposus radiologically. The radiological diagnosis is often missed and the diagnosis is made during the surgery.

Black hip: a rare case treated by total hip replacement.

Background And Objective: Ochronic arthropathy of hip (Black Hip) is a rare clinical manifestation of congenital disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by a classic triad: (1) degenerative arthritis, (2) ochronotic pigmentation, and (3) urine that turns black on long standing or alkalinization. We report a case of ochronic arthropathy of the left hip joint that was successfully treated by total hip arthroplasty.

Design And Settings: This is a case study conducted at PES Medical College, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Hirayama's Disease - A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature.

Introduction: Hirayama's disease is a rare benign disorder, also referred to as monomelic amyotrophy (MMA), Juvenile non progressive amyotrophy, Sobue disease. It is a focal, lower motor neuron type of disease. Mainly young males in their second and third decades of age are most commonly affected.

Outcome of ankle arthrodesis in posttraumatic arthritis.

Background: Ankle arthrodesis is still a gold standard salvage procedure for the management of ankle arthritis. There are several functional and mechanical benefits of ankle arthrodesis, which make it a viable surgical procedure in the management of ankle arthritis. The functional outcomes following ankle arthrodesis are not very well known.

Simultaneous Bilateral Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fracture in a case of Pre-Existing Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD).

Introduction: Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a well known condition, characterized by pain over the tibial tubercle with subsequent tubercle prominence. Avulsion fracture following OSD is a rare complication. We report an unusual case of simultaneous bilateral tibial tubercle avulsion fracture in a 16 year old boy who was a known case of OSD.

Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of Capitate.

Introduction: Giant cell tumors (GCT) of bone are not uncommon. The most common location for this tumour is distal femur, followed by proximal tibia and distal radius (the third most common location). GCT of small bone is a rare presentation.

Labial flap vaginoplasty with sacrospinous fixation.

We present a case of congenital absence of Vagina which was treated by reconstruction of the vagina using vascular labial flaps. Furthermore, we anchored the neo-vagina to the Sacro-spinous ligament on either side. The aim of the attachment to the sacro-spinous ligament is to provide a durable apical support and to give an immediate, good vaginal length.