Exploring peer learning module vs. conventional tutorials: effects on engagement and learning outcomes among first-year medical students.

Background: In contemporary medical education, it is essential to raise student involvement and active participation in the learning process. By contrasting small-group peer learning modules with teacher-led conventional tutorial sessions, we aim to provide insights into their respective influences on learning outcomes and the overall learning experience among 150 first-year medical students.

Methods: Each group consisted of 50 students.

Distinct neural computations scale the violation of expected reward and emotion in social transgressions.

Traditional decision-making models conceptualize humans as adaptive learners utilizing the differences between expected and actual rewards (prediction errors, PEs) to maximize outcomes, but rarely consider the influence of violations of emotional expectations (emotional PEs) and how it differs from reward PEs. Here, we conducted a fMRI experiment (n = 43) using a modified Ultimatum Game to examine how reward and emotional PEs affect punishment decisions in terms of rejecting unfair offers. Our results revealed that reward relative to emotional PEs exerted a stronger prediction to punishment decisions.

Malpractice or masterful practice? Navigating vicarious liability in healthcare.

In the intricate landscape of healthcare, vicarious liability looms large, shaping the responsibilities and actions of healthcare practitioners and administrators alike. Illustrated by a poignant scenario of a medication error, this article navigates the complexities of vicarious liability in healthcare. It explains the legal basis and ramifications of this theory, emphasizing its importance in fostering responsibility, protecting patient welfare, and easing access to justice.

Internally Submerged, Tapered, Bone-level Dental Implants in the Anterior Esthetic Region.

Background: Aesthetics is a crucial consideration in the anterior region, alongside dental implant survival and marginal bone loss (MBL). Bone-level implants are advantageous in the esthetic zone as they create a natural emergence profile with the use of customized abutments. This study aimed to assess the esthetic outcomes of internally submerged, tapered, bone-level dental implants and to evaluate associated alveolar bone changes.

Site-Specific Ventricular Tachycardia Inducibility.

Background: Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) is an essential part of ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation procedures, but VT is not always inducible, usually for reasons that are not clear.

Objectives: This study sought to review pacing site-specific failure of PES to induce scar-related VT and to provide a potential mechanistic explanation of the phenomena using a computer simulation.

Methods: Six patients in whom aggressive PES from traditional RV pacing sites failed to induce VT, but VT was easily inducible from a nontraditional site, were reviewed.

Enhanced diagnosis of pes planus and pes cavus using deep learning-based segmentation of weight-bearing lateral foot radiographs: a comparative observer study.

Unlabelled: A weight-bearing lateral radiograph (WBLR) of the foot is a gold standard for diagnosing adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. However, it is difficult to measure the major axis of bones in WBLR without using auxiliary lines. Herein, we develop semantic segmentation with a deep learning model (DLm) on the WBLR of the foot for enhanced diagnosis of pes planus and pes cavus.

Contribution of individual phospholipase A enzymes to the cleavage of oxidized phospholipids in human blood plasma.

Phospholipids containing oxidized esterified PUFA residues (OxPLs) are increasingly recognized for multiple biological activities and causative involvement in disease pathogenesis. Pharmacokinetics of these compounds in blood plasma is essentially not studied. Human plasma contains both genuine phospholipases A (PAF-AH (also called Lp-PLA) and sPLA) and multifunctional enzymes capable of removing sn-2 residues in native and oxidized PLs (LCAT, PRDX6).

Slab-Specific Projection-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Enhancing En Face Polyp Detection in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

Purpose: A projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography (PR-OCTA) algorithm with slab-specific strategy was applied in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) to differentiate between polyp and branching vascular network (BVN) and improve polyp detection by en face OCTA.

Methods: Twenty-nine participants diagnosed with PCV by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and 30 participants diagnosed with typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) were enrolled. Polyps were classified into three categories after using the slab-specific PR algorithm.

A Rare Presentation of Malignant Melanoma in an Adult: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights.

This case presents a rare and aggressive manifestation of malignant melanoma, initially presenting as a chest wall swelling in a young male with a history of trauma and subsequent management for hemothorax and pyothorax. The complexity of this case lies in its atypical presentation and the challenges posed in diagnosis and treatment. A 30-year-old gentleman presented to the general surgery clinic with a chief complaint of swelling on the right side of his chest, persisting for two months following a traumatic fall, which later resulted in hemothorax and prothorax required drainage and eventually ended up developing a swelling requiring further investigations.

An ultra-conserved poison exon in the Tra2b gene encoding a splicing activator is essential for male fertility and meiotic cell division.

The cellular concentrations of splicing factors (SFs) are critical for controlling alternative splicing. Most serine and arginine-enriched (SR) protein SFs regulate their own concentration via a homeostatic feedback mechanism that involves regulation of inclusion of non-coding 'poison exons' (PEs) that target transcripts for nonsense-mediated decay. The importance of SR protein PE splicing during animal development is largely unknown despite PE ultra-conservation across animal genomes.

Unexpected Twists: Electrophysiological Correlates of Encoding and Retrieval of Events Eliciting Prediction Error.

According to the predictive processing framework, our brain constantly generates predictions based on past experiences and compares these predictions with incoming sensory information. When an event contradicts these predictions, it results in a prediction error (PE), which has been shown to enhance subsequent memory. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of PEs on subsequent memory remain unclear.

Dysphagia in multiple sclerosis: pathophysiology, assessment, and management-an overview.

Dysphagia is a frequent and life-threatening complication of multiple sclerosis (MS). Swallowing disturbances may be present at all stages of MS, although their prevalence increases with age, with disease duration, and in progressive phenotypes. The pathophysiology of dysphagia in MS is likely due to a combination of factors, including the involvement of corticobulbar tracts, the cerebellum, and the brainstem.

A double-blind randomized crossover trial comparing the esthetic outcomes of CAD-CAM provisional restorations fabricated using CBCT and IOS acquisition methods.

Objectives: This double-blind randomised crossover trial aimed to compare the aesthetic outcomes of CAD-CAM manufactured provisional restorations created using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanners (IOS) acquisition methods.

Methods: Twelve participants (mean-age: 38 ± 5 years) requiring full mouth rehabilitation were included in this crossover trial. Two sets of identical CAD-CAM provisional restorations, differing only in the method of data acquisition (A: CBCT, B: IOS), were fabricated.

Associations between momentary mental states and concurrent social functioning after remission from first episode psychosis: A HAMLETT ecological momentary assessment study.

Background: Symptom severity and social functioning are important outcomes after first episode psychosis (FEP), yet current evidence about associations between them is inconsistent and lacks (subclinical) momentary insights.

Methods: The current Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study was conducted in 58 people in remission from FEP, as part of the HAMLETT (Handling Antipsychotic Medication: Long-term Evaluation of Targeted Treatment) trial. At baseline, participants were prompted to report momentary mental states and social context 10x/day for eight consecutive days, including psychotic experiences (PEs), motivation/drive and negative affect, that may indicate proxies of (subclinical) psychotic, negative and general affective symptoms, respectively.

Protective role of school climate for impacts of COVID-19 on depressive symptoms and psychotic experiences among adolescents: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Schools are central places for adolescent social lives, which is a major factor greatly affecting adolescent mental health; school climate (i.e. quality of the school social environments) can be a proximal social determinant for adolescent mental health.

Evaluation of prediction errors in nine intraocular lens calculation formulas using an explainable machine learning model.

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between prediction errors (PEs) and ocular biometric variables in cataract surgery using nine intraocular lens (IOL) formulas with an explainable machine learning model.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent standard cataract surgery with a Tecnis 1-piece IOL (ZCB00) at a single center. We calculated predicted refraction using the following IOL formulas: Barrett Universal II (BUII), Cooke K6, EVO V2.

Evaluation of an artificial intelligence-based intraocular lens calculator: AI-based IOL-optimized formula.

Purpose: To evaluate the ZEISS AI IOL Calculator (ZEISS AI) and compare its accuracy in refractive prediction to the Barrett Universal II (BUII) and Kane formulas.

Setting: Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Development of a prime editor with improved editing efficiency in Arabidopsis.

Prime editing is widely used in many organisms to introduce site-specific sequence modifications, such as base substitutions, insertions, and deletions, in genomic DNA without generating double-strand breaks. Despite their wide-ranging applications, prime editors (PEs) have low editing efficiency, especially in dicot plants, and are therefore barely used for genome engineering in these plant species. Here, based on the previous approaches used to improve prime editing efficiency, we generated multiple different combinations of PE components and prime editing guide RNAs (pegRNAs) and examined their prime editing efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts as the dicot model system.

Surface modification of particles/nanoparticles to improve the stability of Pickering emulsions; a critical review.

Pickering emulsions (PEs) are dispersions stabilized by solid particles, which are derived from various materials, both organic (proteins, polysaccharides, lipids) and inorganic (metals, silica, metal oxides). These colloidal particles play a critical role in ensuring the stability and functionality of PEs, making them highly valued across multiple industries due to their enhanced stability and lower toxicity compared to conventional emulsions. The stabilization mechanisms in PEs differ from those in emulsions stabilized by surfactants or biopolymers.

The AI Orthopedician will see you now - But who is Liable if it's Wrong?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various sectors, including health care, with orthopedics being no exception. Orthopedic practice, already familiar with technological advancements such as robotic surgery, is rapidly integrating AI into clinical workflows, enhancing precision in surgical planning, diagnostics, and patient care. However, this evolution raises critical questions, particularly regarding liability when AI systems fail and cause harm.

Significance of ultrasonography in diagnosing transverse testicular ectopia: A case report.

An uncommon congenital abnormality known as crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) or transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) occurs when both testes migrate into the same hemiscrotum. Inguinal hernia and persistent Müllerian duct syndrome are frequently associated with it. We present a case of "TTE" in a 1-year-old boy with an empty right hemiscrotum and left inguinal hernia.

Safety and Diagnostic Utility Pulmonary Embolism Rule-Out Criteria (PERC) and D-Dimer in Emergency Department.

Background: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value and safety of using Pulmonary Embolism Rule-Out Criteria (PERC) in an emergency care setting.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective application of the PERC to the patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE) and who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) Karolinska University Hospital's emergency department (ED) from 2016 to 2017. The patient data, including D-dimer (DD) and ED waiting times were extracted from the Karolinska Venous Thromboembolism cohort (VTE cohort).