Two-dimensional Nanosheets by Liquid Metal Exfoliation.

Liquid exfoliation is a scalable and effective method for synthesizing 2D nanosheets (NSs) but often induces contamination and defects. Here, liquid metal gallium (Ga) is used to exfoliate bulk layered materials into 2D NSs at near room temperature, utilizing the liquid surface tension and Ga intercalation to disrupt Van der Waals (vdW) forces. In addition, the process can transform the 2H-phase of transition metal dichalcogenides into the 1T'-phase under ambient conditions.

Diaci v3.0: chromosome-level assembly, de novo transcriptome, and manual annotation of Diaphorina citri, insect vector of Huanglongbing.

Background: Diaphorina citri is an insect vector of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), the gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with citrus greening disease. Control measures rely on pesticides with negative impacts on the environment, natural ecosystems, and human and animal health. In contrast, gene-targeting methods have the potential to specifically target the vector species and/or reduce pathogen transmission.

Accuracy deficits during robotic time-constrained reaching are related to altered prefrontal cortex activity in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important node for action planning in the frontoparietal reaching network but its role in reaching in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is unexplored. This case-control study combines a robotic task with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to concurrently assess reaching accuracy and PFC activity during time-constrained, goal-directed reaching in children with CP. We hypothesized that reaching accuracy in children with CP would be lower than in typically developing children and would be related to PFC activity.

United States Dairy Farms and Global Warming.

Several metrics have developed for combining the warming effects of various greenhouse gases (GHG). The metric used can affect the life cycle assessment and comparison of dairy production systems due to the weighting placed on long- versus short-lived gases in the atmosphere. Global warming potential with a time horizon of 100 years (GWP-100) has become the standard but metrics are also available for other time horizons.

Impact of Improved Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures on Microbial Populations at Three Tree Fruit Packing Facilities.

Cleaning and sanitizing are of vital importance to control Listeria monocytogenes in food processing facilities. Here, we evaluated the effect of four cleaning and sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOPs; T1, T2, T3, T4) on the reduction of total aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, the occurrence of L. monocytogenes, and the microbiota composition in three tree fruit packing facilities (F1, F2, and F3) over two packing seasons (Y1 and Y2).

First report of Penicillium brevicompactum causing disease in Pleurotus ostreatus.

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is the second most produced mushroom globally, but increased production is linked to new diseases. This study reports the first occurrence of Penicillium brevicompactum on P. ostreatus mushrooms.

Core-shell gelatin-chitosan nanoparticles with lysozyme responsiveness formed via pH-drive and transglutaminase cross-linking.

Lysozyme-responsive nanoparticles were fabricated using a hydrophilic protein (gelatin type A) as the core and a hydrophobic polysaccharide (chitosan) as the shell. In this study, curcumin was used as a model molecule for encapsulation and promoted the aggregation of gelatin nanoparticles. Transglutaminase catalyzed both intra-molecular cross-linking within gelatin and inter-molecular cross-linking between gelatin and chitosan.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria species and associated risk factors for contamination of milk and cottage cheese along the value chains in Ethiopia.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in dairy products including raw milk, pasteurized milk, and cottage cheese, and identify potential risk factors for contamination throughout the dairy value chain in major milk sheds in Ethiopia.

Functional dependency and cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older people: pooled analysis of individual-level data from 20 countries.

Background: The impact of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) on functional dependency (FD) is well established, but the temporal effect of FD on CMM and its mechanisms remain underexplored.

Design: A multicohort study pooled data from three international cohorts.

Setting: Data were sourced from the Health and Retirement Study (USA), the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (China) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in 18 European countries.

Unique Characteristics of Pulse-Echo Sensing Systems for Ultrasonic Immersion Testing in Harsh Environments.

Ultrasound is an excellent way to acquire data that reveal useful information about systems operating in harsh environments, which may include elevated temperature, ionizing radiation, and aggressive chemicals. The effects of harsh environments on piezoelectric materials have been studied in much more depth than the other aspects of ultrasonic transducers used in pulse-echo mode. Therefore, finite element simulations and laboratory experiments are used to demonstrate the unique characteristics of pulse-echo immersion testing.

NS2B-D55E and NS2B-E65D Variations Are Responsible for Differences in NS2B-NS3 Protease Activities Between Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype I and III in Fluorogenic Peptide Model.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS2B-NS3 is a protein complex composed of NS3 proteases and an NS2B co-factor. The N-terminal protease domain (180 residues) of NS3 (NS3(pro)) interacts directly with a central 40-amino acid hydrophilic domain of NS2B (NS2B(H)) to form an active serine protease. In this study, the recombinant NS2B(H)-NS3(pro) proteases were prepared in and used to compare the enzymatic activity between genotype I (GI) and III (GIII) NS2B-NS3 proteases.

A likelihood approach to incorporating self-report data in HIV recency classification.

Estimating new HIV infections is significant yet challenging due to the difficulty in distinguishing between recent and long-term infections. We demonstrate that HIV recency status (recent versus long-term) could be determined from self-report testing history and biomarkers, which are increasingly available in bio-behavioral surveys. HIV recency status is partially observed, given the self-report testing history.

Enhanced dynamic coupling in a nuclear receptor underlies ligand activity.

Bile acids are signaling molecules with critical roles in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, achieved by regulating the transcriptional activity of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4), otherwise known as the bile acid receptor. Modifications to the C6 position of the steroidal core yield bile acid derivatives with 100x improved potency over endogenous bile acids. Prevailing hypotheses suggested increased binding affinity for FXR as the driver for this activity enhancement.

All Together Now: Data Work to Advance Privacy, Science, and Health in the Age of Synthetic Data.

There is a disconnect between data practices in biomedicine and public understanding of those data practices, and this disconnect is expanding rapidly every day (with the emergence of synthetic data and digital twins and more widely adopted Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning tools). Transparency alone is insufficient to bridge this gap. Concurrently, there is an increasingly complex landscape of laws, regulations, and institutional/ programmatic policies to navigate when engaged in biocomputing and digital health research, which makes it increasingly difficult for those wanting to "get it right" or "do the right thing.

Automated entrance monitoring to investigate honey bee foraging trips using open-source wireless platform and fiducial tags.

Honey bee foraging is a complex behavior because it involves tens of thousands of organisms making decisions about where to collect pollen and nectar based on the quality of resources and the distance to flowers. Studying this aspect of their biology is possible through direct observations but the large number of individuals involved in this behavior makes the implementation of technologies ideal to scale up this type of study. Consequently, there is a need for instruments that can facilitate accurate assessments of honey bee foraging at the colony level.

funBIalign: a hierachical algorithm for functional motif discovery based on mean squared residue scores.

Unlabelled: Motif discovery is gaining increasing attention in the domain of functional data analysis. Functional motifs are typical "shapes" or "patterns" that recur multiple times in different portions of a single curve and/or in misaligned portions of multiple curves. In this paper, we define functional motifs using an additive model and we propose for their discovery and evaluation.

Comparing patellofemoral kinematics assessed with a novel Muscle Actuator System and an Oxford Rig using non-cadaveric knees.

Total knee replacement (TKR) failure, low patient satisfaction and high revision surgery rates may stem from insufficient pre-clinical testing. Conventional joint motion simulators for pre-clinical testing of TKR implants manipulate a knee joint in force, displacement, or simulated muscle control. However, a rig capable of using all three control modes has yet to be described in literature.

CHiTA: A scarless high-throughput pipeline for characterization of ribozymes.

Small self-cleaving ribozymes are catalytic RNAs that cleave their phosphodiester backbone rapidly and site-specifically, without the assistance of proteins. Their catalytic properties make them ideal targets for applications in RNA pharmaceuticals and bioengineering. Consequently, computational pipelines that predict or design thousands of self-cleaving ribozyme candidates have been developed.

Daily reciprocal relationships between affect, physical activity, and sleep in middle and later life.

Background: The daily dynamics among affect, physical activity, and sleep are often explored by taking a unidirectional approach. Yet, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the reciprocal dynamics among affect and health behaviors is crucial for promoting daily well-being.

Purpose: This study examined the reciprocal associations among affect, physical activity, and sleep in daily life in a U.

The power of lived experience in optimizing US policymakers' engagement with substance use research: A series of rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials.

Background: Research can inform policies on substance use/substance use disorders (SU/SUDs), yet there is limited experimental investigation into strategies for optimizing policymakers' engagement with SU/SUD research. This study tested the use of narratives to boost policymakers' research engagement.

Methods: In five rapid-cycle randomized controlled trials, SU/SUD research fact sheets were emailed to US legislative policymakers.

Digital Media Use Preference Indirectly Relates to Adolescent Social Anxiety Symptoms Through Delta-Beta Coupling.

Adolescence is a period of profound biological and social-emotional development during which social anxiety symptoms commonly emerge. Over the past several decades, the social world of teens has been transformed by pervasive digital media use (e.g.