Racial Trauma and Black Mothers' Mental Health: Does Cognitive Flexibility Buffer the Effects of Racialized Stress?

Racialized stress disproportionately impacts Black individuals and confers increased risk for psychological distress and executive dysfunction. However, there is little evidence on psychological distress' association with cognitive flexibility (CF), an executive function theorized to be a neurocognitive resilience factor, as it is shown to reflect the ability to adapt thoughts/behaviors to changing environmental stimuli. As such, we aimed to examine the relation between racialized stress and psychological distress and the potential buffering effects of CF.

PhiSiCal-Checkup: A Bayesian framework to validate amino acid conformations within experimental protein structures.

As structural biology and drug discovery depend on high-quality protein structures, assessment tools are essential. We describe a new method for validating amino-acid conformations: "PhiSiCal ([Formula: see text]al) Checkup." Twenty new joint probability distributions in the form of statistical mixture models explain the empirical distributions of dihedral angles [Formula: see text] of canonical amino acids in experimental protein structures.

Predictors of Technology Use: Evidence from Elite Older Adults.

Few studies have examined older, elite users of digital technology use. To address this gap, we examined predictors of novel technology use among this group. As hypothesized, several markers of successful aging predicted greater technology use in older elite users, including higher levels of cognition, socioeconomics, and self-efficacy.

Discovery of a layered multiferroic compound CuMnSiTe with strong magnetoelectric coupling.

Multiferroic materials host both ferroelectricity and magnetism, offering potential for magnetic memory and spin transistor applications. Here, we report a multiferroic chalcogenide semiconductor CuMnSiTe (0.04 ≤ ≤ 0.

Food insecurity and women's mental health in the Chitwan Valley of Nepal.

Food insecurity is a major threat to global public health and sustainable development. As of 2022, 2.4 billion people worldwide experienced moderate to severe food insecurity.

Force drifts and matching errors in the lower extremities: implications for the control and perception of foot force.

Accurate control of force on the environment is mechanically necessary for many tasks involving the lower extremities. We investigated drifts in the horizontal (shear) active force produced by right-footed seated subjects and the effects of force matching by the other foot. Subjects generated constant shear force at 15% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using one foot.

Selective learning for sensing using shift-invariant spectrally stable undersampled networks.

The amount of data collected for sensing tasks in scientific computing is based on the Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem proposed in the 1940s. Sensor data generation will surpass 73 trillion GB by 2025 as we increase the high-fidelity digitization of the physical world. Skyrocketing data infrastructure costs and time to maintain and compute on all this data are increasingly common.

Transgenic tomato strategies targeting whitefly eggs from apoplastic or ovary-directed proteins.

Background: Transgenic plants expressing proteins that target the eggs of the ubiquitous plant pest Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) could be an effective insecticide strategy. Two approaches for protein delivery are assessed using the mCherry reporter gene in transgenic tomato plants, while accommodating autofluorescence in both the plant, phloem-feeding whitefly and pedicle-attached eggs.

Results: Both transgenic strategies were segregated to homozygous genotype using digital PCR.

Effect of bed clay on surface water-wave reconstruction from ripples.

Wave ripples can provide valuable information on their formative hydrodynamic conditions in past subaqueous environments by inverting dimension predictors. However, these inversions do not usually take the mixed non-cohesive/cohesive nature of sediment beds into account. Recent experiments involving sand-kaolinite mixtures have demonstrated that wave-ripple dimensions and the threshold of motion are affected by bed clay content.

Companion-based multi-level finite element method for computing multiple solutions of nonlinear differential equations.

The utilization of nonlinear differential equations has resulted in remarkable progress across various scientific domains, including physics, biology, ecology, and quantum mechanics. Nonetheless, obtaining multiple solutions for nonlinear differential equations can pose considerable challenges, particularly when it is difficult to find suitable initial guesses. To address this issue, we propose a pioneering approach known as the Companion-Based Multilevel Finite Element Method (CBMFEM).

Bioavailability of rumen-protected histidine, lysine, and methionine assessed using different in vivo methods.

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the bioavailability (BA) of rumen-protected (RP) His, RPLys, and 2 RPMet products using 3 in vivo methods: area under the curve (AUC), plasma dose-response (PDR), and fecal free AA (FFAA) methods. We used 8 rumen-cannulated cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with 16-d periods. Treatments were (1) abomasal infusion of water (control), (2) abomasal infusion of free His, Lys, and Met (FAA), (3) administration of RPHis + RPLys + RPMet1 (rumen-protected methionine protected with ethyl cellulose; RPAA1), and (4) administration of RPHis + RPLys + RPMet2 (rumen-protected methionine protected with a pH-sensitive polymer; RPAA2).

Feed additives for methane mitigation: Recommendations for testing enteric methane-mitigating feed additives in ruminant studies.

There is a need for rigorous and scientifically-based testing standards for existing and new enteric methane mitigation technologies, including antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). The current review provides guidelines for conducting and analyzing data from experiments with ruminants intended to test the antimethanogenic and production effects of feed additives. Recommendations include study design and statistical analysis of the data, dietary effects, associative effect of AMFA with other mitigation strategies, appropriate methods for measuring methane emissions, production and physiological responses to AMFA, and their effects on animal health and product quality.

Feed additives for methane mitigation: Recommendations for identification and selection of bioactive compounds to develop antimethanogenic feed additives.

Despite the increasing interest in developing antimethanogenic additives to reduce enteric methane (CH) emissions and the extensive research conducted over the last decades, the global livestock industry has a very limited number of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA) available that can deliver substantial reduction, and they have generally not reached the market yet. This work provides technical recommendations and guidelines for conducting tests intended to screen the potential to reduce, directly or indirectly, enteric CH of compounds before they can be further assessed in in vivo conditions. The steps involved in this work cover the discovery, isolation, and identification of compounds capable of affecting CH production by rumen microbes, followed by in vitro laboratory testing of potential candidates.

Perspective: Enteric methane mitigation and its impact on livestock hydrogen emissions.

In a hydrogen-based economy future, hydrogen leakage is becoming an environmental concern. Ruminants naturally produce small amounts of hydrogen, which is emitted in the environment along with other fermentation gases, such as the GHG methane and carbon dioxide. Here, for the first time, we estimated hydrogen emissions from the global ruminant livestock at 527 kt/yr (95% CI: 399, 654), or about 3.

A Community-Engaged, Mixed-Methods Approach to Prioritizing Needs in a Statewide Assessment of Community Cancer Needs.

Introduction: Kentucky has the highest all-site cancer incidence and death rate in the US. In 2021, the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center convened a steering committee to conduct a statewide community cancer needs assessment (CNA). The goal of the final CNA phase was to gather community input on prioritizing Kentucky's cancer-related needs and ways to address them.

Hi-C Calibration by Chemically Induced Chromosomal Interactions.

The genome-wide chromosome conformation capture method, Hi-C, has greatly advanced our understanding of genome organization. However, its quantitative properties, including sensitivity, bias, and linearity, remain challenging to assess. Measuring these properties is difficult due to the heterogenous and dynamic nature of chromosomal interactions.

Non-canonical DNA in human and other ape telomere-to-telomere genomes.

Non-canonical (non-B) DNA structures-e.g., bent DNA, hairpins, G-quadruplexes, Z-DNA, etc.

Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human oocytes undergo frequency-dependent selection but do not increase with age.

Mitochondria, cellular powerhouses, harbor DNA (mtDNA) inherited from the mothers. MtDNA mutations can cause diseases, yet whether they increase with age in human germline cells-oocytes-remains understudied. Here, using highly accurate duplex sequencing of full-length mtDNA, we detected mutations in single oocytes, blood, and saliva in women between 20 and 42 years of age.

Maladaptation in cereal crop landraces following a soot-producing climate catastrophe.

Aerosol-producing global catastrophes such as nuclear war, super-volcano eruption, or asteroid strike, although rare, pose a serious threat to human survival. Light-absorbing aerosols would sharply reduce temperature and solar radiation reaching the earth's surface, decreasing crop productivity including for locally adapted traditional crop varieties, i.e.

Thermodynamics and transport in molten chloride salts and their mixtures.

Molten salts are important in a number of energy applications, but the fundamental mechanisms operating in ionic liquids are poorly understood, particularly at higher temperatures. This is despite their candidacy for deployment in solar cells, next-generation nuclear reactors, and nuclear pyroprocessing. We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations over a variety of molten chloride salt compositions at varying temperature and pressures to calculate the thermodynamic and transport properties of these liquids.

Serious harm reduction protective behavioral strategies reduce consequences associated with alcohol-induced blackouts in college students.

Objective: Alcohol-induced blackouts (AIBs) have been associated with increased alcohol-related consequences. Serious harm reduction (SHR) protective behavioral strategies may reduce consequences when students are drinking heavily. We examined whether SHR weakened the relationship between AIBs and a) total consequences and b) serious consequences (e.

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Electrocatalyst Materials: Proposed Workflows, Technical Advances, Challenges, and Lessons Learned.

In situ electrochemical liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) measurements utilize micro-chip three-electrode cells with electron transparent silicon nitride windows that confine the liquid electrolyte. By imaging electrocatalysts deposited on micro-patterned electrodes, LP-TEM provides insight into morphological, phase structure, and compositional changes within electrocatalyst materials under electrochemical reaction conditions, which have practical implications on activity, selectivity, and durability. Despite LP-TEM capabilities becoming more accessible, in situ measurements under electrochemical reaction conditions remain non-trivial, with challenges including electron beam interactions with the electrolyte and electrode, the lack of well-defined experimental workflows, and difficulty interpreting particle behavior within a liquid.

Two-dimensional Nanosheets by Liquid Metal Exfoliation.

Liquid exfoliation is a scalable and effective method for synthesizing 2D nanosheets (NSs) but often induces contamination and defects. Here, liquid metal gallium (Ga) is used to exfoliate bulk layered materials into 2D NSs at near room temperature, utilizing the liquid surface tension and Ga intercalation to disrupt Van der Waals (vdW) forces. In addition, the process can transform the 2H-phase of transition metal dichalcogenides into the 1T'-phase under ambient conditions.