Lifespan cardiometabolic exposures are associated with midlife white matter microstructure: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Introduction: Compartment model analysis of diffusion MRI data provides unique information on the microstructural properties of white matter. However, studies relating compartment model microstructural measures to longitudinal cardiometabolic health data are rare.

Methods: 130 cognitively healthy participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study completed diffusion MRI scans.

Biomolecular Condensates in Telomere Maintenance of ALT Cancer Cells.

Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway is a telomerase-independent mechanism that utilizes homology-directed repair (HDR) to sustain telomere length in specific cancers. Biomolecular condensates, such as ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (APBs), have emerged as critical players in the ALT pathway, supporting telomere maintenance in ALT-positive cells. These condensates bring together DNA repair proteins, telomeric repeats, and other regulatory elements.

A simplified computational liver perfusion model, with applications to organ preservation.

Advanced liver preservation strategies could revolutionize liver transplantation by extending preservation time, thereby allowing for broader availability and better matching of transplants. However, developing new cryopreservation protocols requires exploration of a complex design space, further complicated by the scarcity of real human livers to experiment upon. We aim to create computational models of the liver to aid in the development of new cryopreservation protocols.

Fractional tackles: leveraging player tracking data for within-play tackling evaluation in American football.

Tackling is a fundamental defensive move in American football, with the main purpose of stopping the forward motion of the ball-carrier. However, current tackling metrics are manually recorded outcomes that are inherently flawed due to their discrete and subjective nature. Using player tracking data, we present a novel framework for assessing tackling contribution in a continuous and objective manner.

Navigating "regulatory fog": Challenges to rigorous abortion research after the Dobbs v. Jackson decision.

In 2022, the United States' Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade and federal protections for abortion.

Phosphorylated-tau associates with HSV-1 chromatin and correlates with nuclear speckles decondensation in low-density host chromatin regions.

Abnormal tau phosphorylation is a key mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence implicates infectious agents, such as Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), as co-factors in the onset or the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This has led to divergence in the field regarding the contribution of viruses in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases.

TopMT-GAN: a 3D topology-driven generative model for efficient and diverse structure-based ligand design.

Recent advancements in 3D structure-based molecular generative models have shown promise in expediting the hit discovery process in drug design. Despite their potential, efficiently generating a focused library of candidate molecules that exhibit both effective interactions and structural diversity at a large scale remains a significant challenge. Moreover, current studies often lack comprehensive comparisons to high-throughput virtual screening methods, resulting in insufficient evaluation of their effectiveness.

Enhancing Hemocompatibility in ECMO Systems With a Fibrinolytic Interactive Coating: in Vitro Evaluation of Blood Clot Lysis Using a 3D Microfluidic Model.

Blood-contacting medical devices, especially extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMOs), are highly susceptible to surface-induced coagulation because of their extensive surface area. This can compromise device functionality and lead to life-threatening complications. High doses of anticoagulants, combined with anti-thrombogenic surface coatings, are typically employed to mitigate this risk, but such treatment can lead to hemorrhagic complications.

Design and Use of Patient-Facing Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes and Sensor Data Visualizations During Outpatient Chemotherapy.

This study describes patients' interaction with a personalized web-based visualization displaying daily electronic patient-reported outcomes and wearable device data during outpatient chemotherapy.

A Radiomic-Clinical Model of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography for Breast Cancer Biopsy Outcome Prediction.

Rationale And Objectives: In the USA over 1 million breast biopsies are performed annually. Approximately 9.6% diagnostic exams were given Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) ≥4A, most of which are 4A/4B.

Predicting Postoperative Lung Cancer Recurrence and Survival Using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression and Machine Learning.

Background: Surgical resection remains the standard treatment for early-stage lung cancer. However, the recurrence rate after surgery is unacceptably high, ranging from 30% to 50%. Despite extensive efforts, accurately predicting the likelihood and timing of recurrence remains a significant challenge.

The Overview of Silicon Carbide Technology: Status, Challenges, Key Drivers, and Product Roadmap.

Arguably, SiC technology is the most rapidly expanding IC manufacturing technology driven mostly by the aggressive roadmap for battery electric vehicle penetration and also industrial high-voltage/high-power applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of SiC technology focusing on the challenges starting from the difficult and lengthy SiC substrate growth all the way to the complex MOSFET assembly processes. We focus on the differentiation from the established Si manufacturing processes and provide a comprehensive list of references as well as a brief description of our own research into the key manufacturing processes in this technology.

From Cellular to Metabolic: Advances in Imaging of Inherited Retinal Diseases.

: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a genetically complex group of disorders, usually resulting in progressive vision loss due to retinal degeneration. Traditional imaging methods help in structural assessments, but limitations exist in early functional cellular-level detection that are crucial for guiding new therapies. : This review includes a systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar for studies on advanced imaging techniques for IRDs.

Laboratory validation of patient-specific templating for total knee arthroplasty.

Patient-specific templating (PST), which is a sister procedure to patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) but hospital-based, is relatively less complex and less expensive than robotics and navigation. However, there are some concerns about the PST including the process of preoperative planning, 3D printing and material, positioning of PST intraoperatively, availability, and clinical value. The purpose of this study was to validate the technical accuracy and reliability of the PST technique in the lab and to report the outcomes of clinical application.

Circulating metabolomic biomarkers of 5-year body weight and composition change in a biracial cohort of community-dwelling older adults.

Unintentional weight loss in older populations is linked to greater mortality and morbidity risks. This study aims to understand the metabolic mechanisms of unintentional weight loss and their relationship with body composition changes in older adults. We investigated plasma metabolite associations with weight and body composition changes over 5 years in 1335 participants (mean age 73.

Regulation of mutant huntingtin mitochondrial toxicity by phosphomimetic mutations within its N-terminal region.

Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease, affects approximately 30,000 people in the United States, with 200,000 more at risk. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mutant huntingtin (mHTT) drives early HD pathophysiology. mHTT binds the translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23) complex, inhibiting mitochondrial protein import and altering the mitochondrial proteome.

Advancing psychosocial disability and psychosocial rehabilitation research through large language models and computational text mining.

Psychosocial rehabilitation and psychosocial disability research have been a longstanding topic in healthcare, demanding continuous exploration and analysis to enhance patient and clinical outcomes. As the prevalence of psychosocial disability research continues to attract scholarly attention, many scientific articles are being published in the literature. These publications offer profound insights into diagnostics, preventative measures, treatment strategies, and epidemiological factors.

Integrated analysis of long non‑coding RNA megacluster, microRNA‑132 and microRNA‑133a and their implications for cardiovascular risk and kidney failure progression in diabetic patients.

Inefficient control of elevated blood sugar levels can lead to certain health complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The identification of effective biomarkers for monitoring diabetes was performed in the present study. The present study aimed to investigate the implications of long non-coding RNA megacluster (lnc-MGC), microRNA (miR)-132 and miR-133a, and their correlation with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels to identify biomarkers for the early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, induced DN and CVD.

Expression of vesiculation-related genes is associated with a tumor-promoting microenvironment: a pan-cancer analysis.

Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) released by tumor cells (tumor-derived sEV; TEX) mediate intercellular communication between tumor and non-malignant cells and were shown to impact disease progression. This study investigates the relationship between the expression levels of the vesiculation-related genes linked to sEV production and the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods: Two independent gene sets were analyzed, both previously linked to sEV production in various non-malignant or malignant cells.

AI as an intervention: improving clinical outcomes relies on a causal approach to AI development and validation.

The primary practice of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) starts with model development, often using state-of-the-art AI, retrospectively evaluated using metrics lifted from the AI literature like AUROC and DICE score. However, good performance on these metrics may not translate to improved clinical outcomes. Instead, we argue for a better development pipeline constructed by working backward from the end goal of positively impacting clinically relevant outcomes using AI, leading to considerations of causality in model development and validation, and subsequently a better development pipeline.

Concomitant Inhibition and Collaring of Dual-Species Biofilms Formed by and by Triazole Based Small Molecule Inhibitors.

Background/objectives: Biofilm-associated infections, particularly those involving Candida auris and Staphylococcus aureus, pose significant challenges in clinical settings due to their resilience and resistance to conventional treatments. This study aimed to synthesize novel triazole derivatives containing a piperazine ring via click chemistry and evaluate their efficacy in disrupting biofilms formed by these pathogens.

Methods: Triazole derivatives were synthesized using click chemistry techniques.

Polycrystalline Films of Indium-Doped PbTe on Amorphous Substrates: Investigation of the Material Based on Study of Its Structural, Transport, and Optical Properties.

Nowadays, polycrystalline lead telluride is one of the premier substances for thermoelectric devices while remaining a hopeful competitor to current semiconductor materials used in mid-infrared photonic applications. Notwithstanding that, the development of reliable and reproducible routes for the synthesis of PbTe thin films has not yet been accomplished. As an effort toward this aim, the present article reports progress in the growth of polycrystalline indium-doped PbTe films and their study.

Comparative Analysis of Outcomes in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients with Proximal Junctional Kyphosis or Failure Initially Fused to Upper Versus Lower Thoracic Spine.

Patients with proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) or failure (PJF) may demonstrate disparate outcomes and recovery when fused to the upper (UT) versus lower (LT) thoracic spine. Few studies have distinguished the reoperation and recovery abilities of patients with PJK or PJF when fused to the upper (UT) versus lower (LT) thoracic spine. Adult spine deformity patients ≥ 18 yrs with preoperative and 5-year (5Y) data fused to the sacrum/pelvis were included.