Artifact Reduction in Interventional Devices Using Virtual Monoenergetic Images and Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction on Photon-Counting Detector CT.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) algorithm combined with virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) for artifact reduction in photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCDCT) during interventions.

Materials And Methods: Using an abdominal phantom, we conducted evaluations on the efficacy of iMAR and VMIs for mitigating image artifacts during interventions on a PCDCT. Four different puncture devices were employed under 2 scan modes (QuantumSn at 100 kV, Quantumplus at 140 kV) to simulate various clinical scenarios.

Real-World Evidence of the Prevalence of Driver Mutations in Anorectal Melanoma.

Introduction: Anorectal melanoma is a rare neoplasm with an aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Recently, recurrent gene mutations related to anorectal melanoma have been identified in a small series of cases, and this holds promise for targeted therapies, analogous to cutaneous melanoma. The purpose of this study was to analyze testing rates and prevalence of mutations in anorectal melanoma in the Dutch population.

High Shear Stress Reduces ERG Causing Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Computational modeling indicated that pathological high shear stress (HSS; 100 dyn/cm) is generated in pulmonary arteries (PAs; 100-500 µm) in congenital heart defects causing PA hypertension (PAH) and in idiopathic PAH with occlusive vascular remodeling. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a feature of PAH. We hypothesize that HSS induces EndMT, contributing to the initiation and progression of PAH.

Papillary Renal Neoplasm With Reverse Polarity: CT and MR Imaging Characteristics in 26 Patients.

Rationale And Objectives: To improve the diagnostic recognition of papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) through comprehensive analysis of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective multi-center study was conducted on patients with pathologically confirmed PRNRPs from 2019 to 2024, encompassing six institutions. Clinical and pathological data were meticulously documented.

Identification of plasma protein biomarkers for endometriosis and the development of statistical models for disease diagnosis.

Study Question: Can a panel of plasma protein biomarkers be identified to accurately and specifically diagnose endometriosis?

Summary Answer: A novel panel of 10 plasma protein biomarkers was identified and validated, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy for the diagnosis of endometriosis.

What Is Known Already: Endometriosis poses intricate medical challenges for affected individuals and their physicians, yet diagnosis currently takes an average of 7 years and normally requires invasive laparoscopy. Consequently, the need for a simple, accurate non-invasive diagnostic tool is paramount.

The Landmark Series: Cancer Vaccines for Solid Tumors.

Immunotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment for solid tumors. Cancer vaccines represent a potentially powerful class of immunotherapeutic agents to drive antitumor immunity. Cancer vaccine development involves selecting immunogenic target antigens expressed by tumor cells that can be effectively delivered for uptake by antigen-presenting cells to generate a robust adaptive immune response against tumor.

Prevalence of Mitral Annular Disjunction at Cardiac MRI: Results from a Multicenter Registry.

Purpose To determine the prevalence of mitral annular disjunction (MAD) in patients undergoing cardiac MRI for various clinical indications and to assess the association of MAD with arrhythmia, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), and myocardial alteration. Materials and Methods This study analyzed data from a retrospective observational registry of consecutive patients undergoing cardiac MRI for different clinical indications. Cardiac MRI examinations were performed from January 2019 to June 2019 at 13 Italian hospitals.

Cutting-edge insights: near-infrared imaging for surgical margin assessment in head and neck tumor resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In head and neck cancer (HNC), real-time evaluation of tumor margin status following surgical excision of the tumor is of critical importance. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging for the real-time delineation of tumor margins in HNC resections.

Methods: Two investigators independently conducted a comprehensive search following the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines across the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases until August 1, 2023.

Inherited Retinal Degenerations and Non-Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Progress and Unmet Needs.

Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are leading causes of irreversible vision loss and blindness. Although significant progress has advanced the field in the past 5 years, significant challenges remain. The current article reviews the accomplishments and research advances that have fueled the development of treatments for patients with IRD and AMD, including the first approved gene-augmentation treatment for RPE65-related retinal degeneration and complement inhibition therapies to slow progression of geographic atrophy (GA) in AMD.

Intrathecal or intravenous AAV9-IDUA/RGX-111 at minimal effective dose prevents cardiac, skeletal and neurologic manifestations of murine MPS I.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), resulting in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation and multisystemic disease. Current treatments include hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy, but these do not address all manifestations of the disease. We infused MPS I mice with an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-IDUA vector (RGX-111) at doses from 10 to 10 vector genomes (vg) via intrathecal (IT), intravenous (IV), and intrathecal+intravenous (IT+IV) routes of administration.

Real-World Evidence on Adverse Events and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in Spain Using Natural Language Processing: The SRealCLL Study.

The SRealCLL study described the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and healthcare resource utilization in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) using artificial intelligence in a real-world scenario in Spain. We collected real-world data on patients with CLL from seven Spanish hospitals between January 2016 and December 2018, focusing on their AE and healthcare service utilization. Data extraction from electronic health records of 385,904 patients was performed using the EHRead technology, which is based on natural language processing and machine learning.

Phase 2A Proof-of-Concept Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Nicotinamide in Early Alzheimer Disease.

Background And Objectives: Nicotinamide is a coenzyme involved in cellular oxidation-reduction reactions that can inhibit Class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) or sirtuins. HDAC inhibition can affect numerous therapeutic pathways, including tau phosphorylation. We tested the hypothesis that nicotinamide treatment could reduce tau phosphorylation in early Alzheimer disease (AD).

scTrends: A living review of commercial single-cell and spatial 'omic technologies.

Understanding the rapidly evolving landscape of single-cell and spatial omic technologies is crucial for advancing biomedical research and drug development. We provide a living review of both mature and emerging commercial platforms, highlighting key methodologies and trends shaping the field. This review spans from foundational single-cell technologies such as microfluidics and plate-based methods to newer approaches like combinatorial indexing; on the spatial side, we consider next-generation sequencing and imaging-based spatial transcriptomics.

Association of the Cervical Canal Area With Disability and Progression in People With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: In multiple sclerosis (MS), brain reserve serves as a protective factor against cognitive impairment. Previous research has suggested a structural counterpart in the spine-spinal cord reserve-seemed to be associated with physical disability. This study aimed to investigate the potential of the cervical canal area (CCaA) as a proxy for spinal cord reserve in a multicentric cohort of people with MS (PwMS).

Palliative Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Descriptive Cohort Study.

Background: Palliative care (PC) is the standard of care for patients with serious medical illnesses, or those conditions associated with high risk of mortality and negative impact on quality of life (QOL). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the gold standard treatment for certain psychiatric conditions, which may co-occur with serious medical illnesses. However, the use of "palliative ECT" (PECT) in this context is understudied.

Imlunestrant with or without Abemaciclib in Advanced Breast Cancer.

Background: Imlunestrant is a next-generation, brain-penetrant, oral selective estrogen-receptor (ER) degrader that delivers continuous ER inhibition, even in cancers with mutations in the gene encoding ERα ().

Methods: In a phase 3, open-label trial, we enrolled patients with ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer that recurred or progressed during or after aromatase inhibitor therapy, administered alone or with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor. Patients were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive imlunestrant, standard endocrine monotherapy, or imlunestrant-abemaciclib.

Clinical Use of Home OCT Data to Manage Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

To investigate how home optical coherence tomography (OCT) influences the clinical decision-making of retina specialists for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). In this retrospective imaging review, 15 retina specialists each evaluated 10 home OCT data segments from 29 eyes being treated for nAMD. Based on OCT data, indications were identified for when eyes should be treated, which antivascular endothelial growth factor should be used, and the specific retinal fluid and time thresholds for notification.

Consensus Recommendations for the Reconstitution and Aesthetic Use of Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Microspheres.

Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) microspheres, marketed globally as Aesthefill (Regen Biotech, Seoul, South Korea), are recognized for their biocompatible and biostimulatory properties, positioning them as a preferred option in aesthetic medicine. This article presents consensus recommendations from Brazilian experts on the reconstitution and clinical application of PDLLA for facial and non-facial treatments. Developed using a modified Delphi method with contributions from leading dermatologists and plastic surgeons, the consensus outlines protocols for reconstitution, injection techniques, and patient management.

Clonal hematopoiesis-related mutant ASXL1 promotes atherosclerosis in mice via dysregulated innate immunity.

Certain somatic mutations provide a fitness advantage to hematopoietic stem cells and lead to clonal expansion of mutant blood cells, known as clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Among the most common CH mutations, ASXL1 mutations pose the highest risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet the mechanisms by which they contribute to CVDs are unclear. Here we show that hematopoietic cells harboring C-terminally truncated ASXL1 mutant (ASXL1-MT) accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in Ldlr mice.

Pretargeted alpha therapy in MUC16-positive high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Background: Peritoneal metastasis with micrometastatic cell clusters is a common feature of advanced ovarian cancer. Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is an attractive approach for treating micrometastatic diseases as alpha particles release enormous amounts of energy within a short distance. A pretargeting approach - leveraging the inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazines (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) - can minimize off-target toxicity related to TAT, often associated with full-length antibodies.

Spinal cord evaluation in multiple sclerosis: clinical and radiological associations, present and future.

Spinal cord disease is important in most people with multiple sclerosis, but assessment remains less emphasized in patient care, basic and clinical research and therapeutic trials. The North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord Interest Group was formed to determine and present the contemporary landscape of multiple sclerosis spinal cord evaluation, further existing and advanced spinal cord imaging techniques, and foster collaborative work. Important themes arose: (i) multiple sclerosis spinal cord lesions (differential diagnosis, association with clinical course); (ii) spinal cord radiological-pathological associations; (iii) 'critical' spinal cord lesions; (iv) multiple sclerosis topographical model; (v) spinal cord atrophy; and (vi) automated and special imaging techniques.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the oral allosteric TYK2 inhibitor ESK-001 using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design.

ESK-001 is a highly selective allosteric inhibitor of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), which plays an essential role in mediating cytokine signaling in multiple immune-mediated diseases. In 2 phase I studies, a first-in-human single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) study and a multiple-dose (MD) study, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orally administered ESK-001 in healthy participants using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design. ESK-001 was rapidly absorbed with systemic exposures generally increasing dose-proportionally across all cohorts.