Efficacy and safety of daprodustat in patients on peritoneal dialysis in the ASCEND-D trial.

Background And Hypothesis: Daprodustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, is approved for treatment of anemia in dialysis patients with CKD in some parts of the world. This subgroup analysis examined the efficacy and safety of daprodustat versus darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia of CKD undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: ASCEND-D (NCT02879305) was an open-label, Phase 3 trial; patients with CKD were randomized to daprodustat daily and epoetin alfa (HD patients) or darbepoetin alfa (PD patients).

Immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma derive different survival benefit from platinum chemotherapy.

Distinct molecular subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) may show different platinum sensitivities. Currently available data were mostly generated at transcriptome level and have limited comparability to each other. We aimed to determine the platinum sensitivity of molecular subtypes by using the protein expression-based Lund Taxonomy.

Mitochondrial DNA Mutations as a Factor in the Heritability of Atherosclerosis and Other Diseases.

This review discusses the possibility of inheritance of some diseases through mutations in mitochondrial DNA. These are examples of many mitochondrial diseases that can be caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Symptoms and severity can vary widely depending on the specific mutation and affected tissues.

Micronutrient status and risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Indonesian tuberculosis case contacts.

Background: Certain micronutrient levels have been associated with the risk of developing TB disease. We explored the possible association of selected at-risk micronutrient levels with the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection.

Exploring Peripartum Cannabis Use Among Young Sexual Minority People: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Young childbearing sexual minority (SM) people are more likely to use cannabis and to have an unintended pregnancy than their heterosexual peers; however, little is known about their perceptions and experiences of peripartum cannabis use. This qualitative study explores the relationships young pregnant and parenting SM people have with cannabis, as well as their feelings and opinions about prenatal cannabis use.

Method: Participants who identified as SM from baseline surveys of the YoungMoms study were recruited for semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 13).

Diagnosing Epilepsy with Normal Interictal EEG Using Dynamic Network Models.

Objective: Whereas a scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) is important for diagnosing epilepsy, a single routine EEG is limited in its diagnostic value. Only a small percentage of routine EEGs show interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and overall misdiagnosis rates of epilepsy are 20% to 30%. We aim to demonstrate how network properties in EEG recordings can be used to improve the speed and accuracy differentiating epilepsy from mimics, such as functional seizures - even in the absence of IEDs.

Exploring the Key Indicators for Off-Flavor in Industrial Osmanthus Absolute through Sensomics and Chemometric Approaches.

The occurrence of off-flavor in osmanthus absolutes has emerged as a significant concern that could hinder its broad market acceptance and associated economic development. In this study, key off-flavor molecules in industrial osmanthus absolute were identified through sensomics and chemometric approaches. A group of 10 off-flavor (OF) samples, eliciting smoky/phenolic, sweaty/sour, and spicy odors, were compared with 10 pleasant aroma (PA) samples through various analyses, including overall aroma assessment, comprehensive chemical profiling, aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).

A 46-Year-Old Man with an Incidental Finding of a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst.

BACKGROUND The thyroglossal duct cyst, which develops from the midline migratory tract between the foramen cecum and the anatomic location of the thyroid, is the most prevalent congenital abnormality of the neck, accounting for about 70% of all cervical neck masses in children and 7% in adults. Only up to 1% of these abnormalities contain malignant thyroid tissue, with 90% of those cases being papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroglossal duct cyst is rarely linked to carcinoma.

An Uncommon Presentation of Tumid Lupus Erythematosus Manifesting As Annular, Non-scarring Alopecia on the Scalp.

Tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE) is a rare subtype of cutaneous lupus, which can present diagnostic challenges due to its overlapping features with other skin disorders. Understanding the clinical and histopathological characteristics of TLE is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. In this article, we describe a case of TLE in a 45-year-old man who presented with annular, urticarial, non-scarring plaques on the scalp associated with non-scarring alopecia in the affected area.

Beyond Stocks and Surges: The Demographic Impact of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population in the United States.

Stock estimates of the US unauthorized foreign-born population are routinely published, but less is known about this population's dynamics. Using a series of residual estimates based on 2000 Census and 2001-2022 American Community Survey (ACS), I estimate the components of change for the unauthorized immigrant population from 2000 to 2022 by region and country of origin. Further, I develop and present novel measures of expected duration in unauthorized status and demographic impact of unauthorized entries (i.

Betaine combined with traditional Chinese medicine ointment to treat skin wounds in microbially infected diabetic mice.

Background: Skin wounds are highly common in diabetic patients, and with increasing types of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance, wounds and infections in diabetic patients are difficult to treat and heal.

Aim: To explore the effects of betaine ointment (BO) in promoting the healing of skin wounds and reducing the inflammation and apoptosis of skin cells in microbially infected diabetic mice.

Methods: By detecting the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of betaine and plant monomer components such as psoralen, we prepared BO with betaine as the main ingredient, blended it with traditional Chinese medicines such as gromwell root and psoralen, and evaluated its antibacterial effects and safety and .

Protein nanoparticles as potent delivery vehicles for polycytosine RNA-binding protein one.

Ma recently reported in the that ferroptosis occurs in osteoblasts under high glucose conditions, reflecting diabetes pathology. This condition could be protected by the upregulation of the gene encoding polycytosine RNA-binding protein 1 (PCBP1). Additionally, Ma used a lentivirus infection system to express PCBP1.

Diabetes-inducing effects of bronchial asthma.

Background: The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and asthma is complex and can impact disease trajectories.

Aim: To explore the bidirectional influences between the two conditions on clinical outcomes and disease control.

Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between DM and asthma, focusing on their impacts, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.

Rapid and automated interpretation of CRISPR-Cas13-based lateral flow assay test results using machine learning.

CRISPR-Cas-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) have emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids, offering improved speed, simplicity and cost-effectiveness compared to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. However, visual interpretation of CRISPR-Cas-based LFA test results is prone to human error, potentially leading to false-positive or false-negative outcomes when analyzing test/control lines. To address this limitation, we have developed two neural network models: one based on a fully convolutional neural network and the other on a lightweight mobile-optimized neural network for automated interpretation of CRISPR-Cas-based LFA test results.

Dysregulation of genes involved in the long-chain fatty acid transport in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive lethal malignancy with limited options for treatment and a 5-year survival rate of 11% in the United States. As for other types of tumors, such as colorectal cancer, aberrant lipid synthesis and reprogrammed lipid metabolism have been suggested to be associated with PDAC development and progression.

Aim: To identify the possible involvement of lipid metabolism in PDAC by analyzing in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues the expression level of the most relevant genes involved in the long-chain fatty acid (FA) import into cell.

Controversies around the treatment of peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer.

In this editorial we examine the article by Wu published in the . Surgical resection for peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) has been gradually accepted in the medical oncology community. A randomized trial (PRODIGE 7) on cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) failed to prove any benefit of oxaliplatin in the overall survival of patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal origin.

Multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics model for the prediction of rectal cancer metachronous liver metastasis.

Background: The liver, as the main target organ for hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer, early and accurate prediction of liver metastasis is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Herein, this study aims to investigate the application value of a combined machine learning (ML) based model based on the multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of rectal metachronous liver metastasis (MLM).

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging images of preoperative first diagnosed rectal cancer in predicting MLM from rectal cancer.

Retrospective analysis of pathological types and imaging features in pancreatic cancer: A comprehensive study.

Background: Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with a poor prognosis often attributed to late diagnosis. Understanding the correlation between pathological type and imaging features is crucial for early detection and appropriate treatment planning.

Aim: To retrospectively analyze the relationship between different pathological types of pancreatic cancer and their corresponding imaging features.

Targeted gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of patients with gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report.

Background: Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) represents a subtype of gallbladder malignancies characterized by a low incidence, aggressive nature, and poor prognosis. Despite its clinical severity, the genetic alterations, mechanisms, and signaling pathways underlying gallbladder NEC remain unclear.

Case Summary: This case study presents a rare instance of primary gallbladder NEC in a 73-year-old female patient, who underwent a radical cholecystectomy with hepatic hilar lymphadenectomy and resection of liver segments IV-B and V.

A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Studies on Scabies in the Philippines.

Background And Objective: Scabies is the second most common cause of disability due to skin disease in the Philippines. However, there were no cited studies in Global Burden of Disease 2019 and the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) computations were most likely based on statistical modelling. The Philippine Department of Health has embarked on a program to estimate the disease burden of priority diseases in the country, which include scabies.

Atypical HPV Typing: Detection of Genital-Associated HPV Type 6 in Verruca Vulgaris of the Hands and Feet in an HIV-Positive Patient.

Verruca vulgaris is a cutaneous infection predominantly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) type 1, 2, and 4. In immunocompromised individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, HPV leads to a higher prevalence of infections and also has a greater likelihood of being infected with atypical types such as genital-associated HPV in extragenital sites. This case report describes a 48-year-old male patient who presented with skin-colored verrucous papules on the hands and feet, with no evidence of genital lesions.

The Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance in Enterobacterales Is Higher in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health emergency. Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) are at increased risk for severe infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, although more data are needed on the relative burden of MDR Enterobacterales (MDR-E) in immunocompromised populations. In this study, we compare the prevalence of Enterobacterales resistance in cultures from patients undergoing HCT with that of non-HCT patients seeking care at a large healthcare system in North Carolina, USA.